戊四氮致癫癎状态对大鼠长期行为和脑电的影响

目的：建立一种戊四氮（ＰＴＺ） 致癫癎状态（ＳＥ） 模型,并探讨ＰＴＺ 致惊厥与癫癎形成之间的关系。方法：观察ＰＴＺ 致抽搐发作（ 抽搐组） 和ＰＴＺ致抽搐延长发作即癫癎状态（ＳＥ 组） 对大鼠长期行为和脑电（ＥＥＧ） 的影响,同时观察二者是否产生海马、皮质神经元损伤。结果：ＰＴＺ 致抽搐延长发作能够产生具有某些癫癎特征的长期效应,如自发癎样放电、惊厥阈下剂量ＰＴＺ 可诱导癫癎发作以及皮质和海马神经元损伤,而单次抽搐发作不具有这些长期效应。结论：ＰＴＺ 致抽搐延长发作模型更符合ＳＥ 模型特点,惊厥持续时间与癫癎形成密切相关。     

癫癎发作前期脑电变化特征分析

目的 :探讨癫临床发作前期的脑波变化特征。方法 :采用Video -EEG监护系统对 82例癫患者进行脑电和行为监测 ,监护系统自动记录发作时的行为表现及脑电变化。结果 :82例中共监测到 16例临床发作 ,发作期脑波被大量肌电干扰不易分辨 ,发作前期脑波有如下几种表现 :①背景波先变为低幅快波 ,波幅渐升高 ,或背景为低幅慢波 ,发作前 5～ 14秒内波幅升高频率增快 ,但仍为慢波 ;②发作前背景节律变慢 ,波幅升高 ;③发作前背景节律不变 ,仅波幅明显升高 ;④出现样放电波形。结论 :癫发作前脑波频率增快或波幅升高 ,应视为与癫发作有密切关系的现象。     

癫癎临发作前的脑电变化特征分析

癫癎是神经系统常见病多发病,除少数发作类型如失神小发作外,其它常因发作期大量肌电伪差干扰而无法判断脑电图变化特征,而发作间期阳性率又低,因此观察癫癎临发作前的脑波特点有助于了解从发作前数秒数十秒的时间到发作期的脑电变化规律.     

慢性癫癎模型的建立及评价

癫是一种中枢神经系统常见疾病 ,迄今对癫发病机理和抗癫药物 (AED)的研究主要依靠动物实验。其中慢性癫模型的生物电发放、样发作以及脑电图 (EEG)改变等均与人类癫的表现相似 ,且动物可伴随癫性发作长期存活 ,因而为探讨人类癫发生机制和临床治疗提供了有效的工具。点燃包括电刺激点燃和化学点燃 ,是最常用的慢性癫模型 ,也是研究脑兴奋性长期的可塑性变化最流行的方法之一。本文对目前常用的慢性癫模型的制备方法、发作类型及可能的机制作一综述 ,着重讨论点燃癫模型的研究状况。1　金属诱导模型此类癫模型的…     

视频脑电监测与动态脑电图监测技术对癫癎的分析和诊断

目的：探讨视频脑电监测与动态脑电监测对癫痫的诊断意义。方法：对临床诊为癫痫200例患儿，进行了24h视频脑电监测和动态脑电图监测。结果：在200例拟诊为癫痫患儿中，视频脑电监测异常者132例（66％），24h动态脑电监测异常者121例（60．5％）。结论：视频脑电监测比动态脑电监测对癫痫的诊断更准确。     

癫癎行为自动症297例临床脑电图分析

本文收集1984年11月至2004年11月在我院确诊治疗的癫癎行为自动症297例临床资料及脑电图检查结果,初步分析报告如下.     

419例癫癎患者录像脑电监测分析

脑电图（ＥＥＧ）对于癫　诊断具有重要价值,但长期以来沿用的常规ＥＥＧ检查,由于记录时间、场地等条件的限制,阳性率并不是很高。而录像脑电监测技术（ＶＥＥＧ）的应用,大大提高了癫　的检出率。我院１９９８年１月至２００１年３月对４１９例癫　或可疑癫　患者同时行常规ＥＥＧ检查及ＶＥＥＧ监测,现将结果对比分析如下。１　资料与方法１．１　临床资料４１９例中,男２３２例、女１８７例,年龄２个月至６４岁,其中１４岁以下儿童１９８例,病程１天～２２年,依临床诊断分为两组。癫　组：３０９例,其中失神发作１０６例,单…     

睡眠视频脑电监测对癫癎诊断及疗效评估的价值

目的：探讨睡眠视频脑电监测（Sleep—VEEG）对癫痫（epilepsy,EP）诊断及疗效评估的价值。方法：对98例拟诊为EP和60例EP治疗后复查的病例均进行5—10小时的Sleep—VEEG监测,并与常规脑电图（REEG）检查结果对比分析。结果：REEG正常的98例疑诊病例中Sleep—VEEG检查结果正常12例,异常86例,异常率87．75％,其中25例捕捉到同步发作并能明确发作性质及类型;48例EP治疗2年后REEG检查正常者复查Sleep—VEEG,异常31例,异常阳性率为64．58％,与REEG检查结果比较差异有显著性。结论：睡眠VEEG监测可提高EP诊断阳性率和准确率,对EP诊断及分型和临床随访疗效评估具有重要价值。     

同步录像脑电心电监测对老年癫癎的诊断价值

目的探讨同步录像-脑电-心电(Video-EEG-ECG)监测对老年癫癎的诊断价值.方法对46例临床拟诊癫癎且常规脑电图(EEG)检查正常的老年患者进行24hVideo-EEG-ECG监测.结果确诊为癫癎者15例,心源性发作13例,短暂脑缺血发作10例,假性发作6例,癫癎伴假性发作2例.结论Video-EEG-ECG监测对老年癫癎和非癫癎性发作的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

精神运动性癫癎46例临床及脑电图表现

精神运动性癫癎是以精神症状为突出表现的癫癎发作形式,依国际癫癎发作分类归于复杂部分性发作,其临床症状十分复杂,随致癎灶部位、异常放电传播波及部位以及脑病损范围的不同而不同.现将我院近5年来收治的46例精神运动性癫癎病人进行回顾性分析.     

女性癫患者月经周期与临床发作和脑电图特点分析

&&女性癫患者月经周期与临床发作和脑电图特点分析@金一焕 @崔梅花 @李雄杰&&     

麻醉剂浓度对大鼠暴发-抑制脑电特征的影响

暴发-抑制脑电图(EEG)是深度麻醉状态下EEG活动受到严重抑制的表现。为定量研究暴发-抑制波形特征与麻醉剂浓度之间的关系,本文采用暴发-抑制比、暴发频率、暴发幅度和抑制幅度4个时域指标,分析大鼠麻醉模型在不同异氟烷浓度下的EEG特征。结果表明,暴发-抑制脑电的4个指标均随异氟烷浓度的改变而变化:异氟烷浓度越大,暴发-抑制比和暴发幅度越大,暴发频率和抑制幅度越小。暴发-抑制比可快速反映异氟烷浓度的变化,且个体间一致性高,有潜力作为深度麻醉状态下暴发-抑制EEG较理想的特征指标。     

白藜芦醇对戊四氮慢性点燃大鼠行为及脑电图的影响

目的：探讨白藜芦醇（resveratrol,RV）对戊四氮（pentylenetetrazole,PTZ）慢性点燃大鼠行为及脑电图（EEG）的影响。方法：将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组（A组）、PTZ致癎组（B组）、RV干预组（C组）,每组20只。B组和C组通过腹腔注射PTZ建立慢性癫癎动物模型,观察大鼠行为、脑电图及海马组织学变化情况。结果：腹腔注射RV可明显抑制大鼠的癎样放电,延长发作潜伏期、缩短发作时间,与PTZ致痂组相比重型发作率降低（P〈0．05）;同时在病理学上还能减轻海马神经元的损伤程度。结论：RV可明显抑制PTZ诱导的大鼠癫癎发作,对致癎海马神经元有一定的保护作用。     

粉防己碱对戊四唑致(癎)大鼠皮层电图和海马超微结构的影响

目的:探讨钙拮抗剂粉防己碱(tetradrine,Tet)对戊四唑(Pentylentetrazol,PTZ)诱导的大鼠癫(癎)模型的作用.方法:健康SD大鼠24只,随机分为4组,对照组和Tet 3个剂量组(15 mg/kg,30 mg/kg,60 mg/kg)各6只.观察大鼠腹腔注射PTZ前后癫(癎)发作的情况,按Racine分级标准分级,同时记录皮层电图(ECoG),观察PTZ注射后到出现(癎)样放电的潜伏期及1 h内(癎)样放电累加的持续时间.电镜观察海马神经元超微结构的改变.结果:对照组给PTZ后均出现癫(癎)发作,程度均为5级,Tet组发作程度明显减轻.ECoG上出现(癎)样放电的潜伏期延长,(癎)样放电在1 h中的持续时间缩短.同时,Tet也能明显减轻PTZ致(癎)大鼠海马CA1区锥体细胞线粒体的损伤程度.结论:Tet对PTZ诱导的癫(癎)大鼠的发作有明显的对抗作用,对海马锥体神经元的拟伤具有保护作用.     

安定引起癫痫病人脑电活动β功率改变与CSF中DynA_（1－13）、L－EK及SS浓度的关系

报道对４３例有不同转归的癫痫病人和１１例正常对照组进行静注安定致脑电活动β功率改变和脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中强啡肽Ａ１—１３（ＤｙｎＡ１—１３）、亮脑啡肽（Ｌ—ＥＫ）、生长抑素（ＳＳ）变化的前瞻性研究结果。发现复发病人静注安定后脑电活动β功率增加的量比未复发组和对照组低（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＣＳＦ中ＤｙｎＡ１—１３、Ｌ—ＥＫ则高于未复发组和对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），两者之间呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．７８，ｒ＝－０．６９，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＳＳ在三组间无显著区别，提示神经递质的改变可能是安定所致脑电β功率改变的物质基础。     

透骨草提取物诱导人宫颈癌Hela细胞凋亡及其相关机制研究

目的:探讨透骨草提取物诱导人宫颈癌Hela细胞凋亡及其相关机制。方法:荧光显微镜观察Hela细胞形态,透射电镜观察Hela细胞超微结构,流式细胞术检测Hela细胞凋亡率,Western blot检测Bcl-2蛋白和Caspase-3蛋白表达水平。结果:100μg/ml透骨草提取物处理的Hela细胞后,荧光显微镜显示Hela细胞皱缩,细胞核浓缩呈新月状边集。透射电镜可见Hella细胞表面突起和微绒毛减少,核断裂、染色质凝聚且边缘化,有"出芽"现象。流式细胞术显示透骨草提取物处理的Hela细胞凋亡率为(25.90±1.13)%,明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。Western blot结果显示透骨草提取物处理的Hela细胞Bcl-2蛋白和Caspase-3蛋白表达达明显低于与对照组(P<0.05)。结论:透骨草提取物可诱导Hela细胞凋亡,其机制可能与下调Bcl-2蛋白和Caspase-3蛋白表达有关。     

创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肝组织CD14和促/抗炎细胞因子基因表达及抗生素干预研究

目的 探讨创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肝组织内毒素受体CD14和促/抗炎细胞因子(TNF-α/IL-10)的基因表达及抗萧药物头孢哌酮钠联用乳酸左旋氧氟沙星的干预效应.方法 注射创伤弧菌构建创伤弧菌脓毒症模型及药物干预模型,RT-PCR检测大鼠肝组织CD14、TNF-α和IL-10的基因表达水平.结果 与正常对照组(NC组)相比,创伤弧菌脓毒症组(VV组)感染细菌2、6、9、12、16 h的CD14mRNA和TNF-α mRNA表达量均明显升高(P<0.05),IL-10 mRNA表达昔在感染后9、12、16 h也明显升高(P<0.05).创伤弧菌脓毒症联用抗生素干预组(AA组)CD14 mRNA表达在感染后9 h,TNF-αmRNA表达在感染后9、12 h,IL-10 mRNA表达在感染后9、12、16 h仍明显高于NC组(P<0.05).与相同时间点的VV组相比,从组感染后9、12、16 h的CD14 mRNA表达量,16 h的TNF-α mRNA和IL-10mRNA表达最均明显降低(P<0.05).结论 创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肝组织CD14 mRNA表达在脓毒症早期即达高峰,脓毒症过程中表现为持续增高,脓毒症早期肝组织TNF-α mRNA明显升高,脓毒症中后期肝组织IL-10 mRNA才逐渐增多.及早使用头孢哌酮钠和乳酸左氧氟沙星可明显减低创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肝组织CD14 mRNA、TNF-α mRNA和IL-10 mRNA表达水平.头孢哌酮钠联用乳酸左氧氟沙星可显著减少创伤弧菌脓毒症肝组织的内毒素受体的表达,有利于机体致炎/抗炎平衡恢复.     

The biologic activity of mast cell granules. V. The effects of antihistamine treatment on rat cutaneous early- and late-phase allergic reactions

Mast cell-dependent late-phase allergic reactions (LPR) as sequelae of immediate hypersensitivity responses (IR) occur in both human and rat skin; thus the rat has served as a useful model to investigate the pathogenesis of cutaneous LPR. To analyze the roles that histamine might play in the generation of rat LPR, the effects of H1 and/or H2 antihistamines on both LPR and antecedent blueing responses (IR) were investigated. Systemically administered diphenhydramine and cimetidine, alone or in combination, reduced blueing reactions to histamine. However, blueing responses to anti-IgE were only partially abrogated by antihistamine treatment with diphenhydramine alone or the combination of antihistamines. Diphenhydramine treatment alone partially inhibited the histologic intensity of LPR in a dose-dependent manner. Although cimetidine treatment alone had no inhibitory effect, it potentiated the diphenhydramine-induced inhibition of LPR. The inhibitory action of antihistamine treatment was apparent only in reactions elicited by anti-IgE or mast cell granules containing histamine, since LPR caused by histamine-free mast cell granules were not affected by antihistamines. This observation suggests that the inhibitory effect of antihistamines on LPR was the result of a specific blockade of histamine receptors rather than the result of a nonspecific suppressive effect. Our findings demonstrate that cutaneous inflammation generated as a result of mast cell degranulation can be significantly reduced by treatment with H1 and H2 histamine receptor antagonists.     

In vivo effects of LPS on B lymphocyte subpopulations. Migration of marginal zone-lymphocytes and IgD-blast formation in the mouse spleen

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of LPS on the localization and differentiation of splenic B lymphocytes. Therefore, we used a double immunoperoxidase technique which enabled us to detect both the IgM+ IgD- marginal zone lymphocytes and the IgM+ IgD+ follicular lymphocytes in the same tissue section. Next to a dramatic disappearance of the predominantly IgM+ IgD- lymphocytes in the marginal zone shortly after an intravenous injection of LPS, an increased number of these cells could be found in the splenic follicles. The present results strongly suggest that the IgM+ IgD- cells in the splenic follicles represent immigrating marginal zone lymphocytes, and not differentiating follicular B cells, because no IgM+ IgD- cells could be observed in the follicles of draining lymph nodes shortly after a subcutaneous injection of a similar amount of LPS. These observations support the suggestion that LPS induces a migration of marginal zone lymphocytes into the follicles. The present results also showed the formation of IgD plasmablasts in the inner PALS and around the terminal arterioles of the spleen after LPS administration. The induction of IgD plasmablasts appeared to be a specific effect of LPS which may be related to its toxic properties.     

The effects of group size on development and interferon-tau secretion by in-vitro fertilized and cultured bovine blastocysts.

The effects of culturing bovine embryos in groups were investigated. In the first experiment, 1000 oocytes were matured, fertilized and then cultured in groups of 40 in 25 microl of medium. From half of these groups, blastocysts were removed and cultured separately, while in the other half blastocysts were allowed to remain in the group culture microdrop. Blastocysts developed equally well in both groups, although hatching was reduced in those blastocysts removed from the culture droplet. In the second experiment, 1000 zygotes were cultured from the 8-cell stage to the blastocyst stage either individually or in groups of 40. Culture in groups increased the formation of blastocysts, the percentage of hatching blastocysts, the number of cells within blastocysts and the production of interferon-tau. In the final experiment, 1000 zygotes were cultured in groups up to the blastocyst stage. Two-thirds of these blastocysts were then cultured in groups of three, while the remaining blastocysts were cultured individually. Co-culture did not affect hatching or cell number but significantly elevated interferon-tau secretion. These results demonstrate that group culture either before or after blastocyst formation can alter the expression of a specific gene important for the establishment of pregnancy.