宫腔镜诊断绝经后子宫出血106例I临床分析

【目的】探讨绝经后子宫出血的原因及其宫腔镜诊断的价值。【方法】对106例绝经后子宫出血患者应用宫腔镜检查,其中33例行宫腔镜下病灶摘除或电切术,病变组织均送病理组织学检查。【结果】绝经后子宫出血的病因依次为子宫内膜息肉、黏膜下子宫肌瘤、萎缩性子宫内膜、子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜炎、子宫内膜单纯性增生、宫内节育器。宫腔镜诊断与病理检查的符合率为91．43％。【结论】宫腔镜检查是诊断绝经后子宫出血原因的有效方法,优于诊断性刮宫,年老、绝经年限愈长的妇女,子宫恶性肿瘤发生率愈高。     

宫腔镜检查在绝经后子宫出血中的诊断价值

目的 探讨宫腔镜检查在绝经后子宫出血中的诊断价值.方法 对361例绝经后子宫出血患者行宫腔镜检查,镜下定位取材,并行病理检查.结果 绝经后子宫出血以良性病变为主,以子宫内膜息肉发病率最高,其次为萎缩性子宫内膜、子宫黏膜下肌瘤;宫腔镜检查与病理诊断总的符合率为89.08％,符合率从高到底依次为子宫黏膜下肌瘤、子宫内膜息肉、萎缩性子宫内膜、子宫内膜炎、子宫内膜增生及子宫内膜癌.结论 宫腔镜检查具有直观性、准确性及全面性,是诊断绝经后子宫出血的首选方法,值得临床推广.     

宫腔镜检查诊断异常子宫出血486例分析

目的探讨宫腔镜检查在异常子宫出血病因诊断中的应用价值。方法 2008年9月至2010年10月,对486例异常子宫出血患者进行宫腔镜检查,同时行镜下活检及组织学检查。结果 (1)子宫内膜癌、萎缩性子宫内膜的发病年龄较大,正常子宫内膜及子宫内膜息肉、子宫内膜增生则多见于30~50岁异常子宫出血患者。(2)宫腔镜与病理诊断符合率:正常子宫内膜83.1%,子宫内膜息肉89.0%,子宫黏膜下肌瘤97.3%,子宫内膜炎95.0%,子宫内膜增生93.2%,萎缩性子宫内膜96.9%,子宫内膜癌75.0%。宫腔镜检查与病理组织学诊断总体符合率达90.1%。结论宫腔镜检查是诊断异常子宫出血原因的较好手段,镜下定位活检病理检查能提高诊断准确性。     

宫腔镜诊断绝经后子宫出血106例临床分析

[目的]探讨绝经后子宫出血的原因及其宫腔镜诊断的价值.[方法] 对106例绝经后子宫出血患者应用宫腔镜检查,其中33例行宫腔镜下病灶摘除或电切术,病变组织均送病理组织学检查.[结果]绝经后子宫出血的病因依次为子宫内膜息肉、黏膜下子宫肌瘤、萎缩性子宫内膜、子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜炎、子宫内膜单纯性增生、宫内节育器.宫腔镜诊断与病理检查的符合率为 91.43%.[结论]宫腔镜检查是诊断绝经后子宫出血原因的有效方法,优于诊断性刮宫,年老、绝经年限愈长的妇女,子宫恶性肿瘤发生率愈高.     

450例异常子宫出血的宫腔镜诊断分析

目的 探讨宫腔镜检查术在各种异常子宫出血中的诊断价值.方法 应用宫腔镜检查子宫出血450例,术中行定位取材或诊断性刮宫送病理.结果 宫腔镜诊断子宫内膜息肉的敏感性92.24%,子宫黏膜下肌瘤为92.55%,子宫内膜增生为72.04%.,子宫内膜癌为83.33%.结论宫腔镜检查异常子宫出血,可提高对子宫内膜息肉及子宫黏膜下肌瘤的诊断率.对子宫内膜癌及子宫内膜增生可观察到更详细的内膜形态变化,指导定位活俭,减少漏诊.     

宫腔镜联合B超定位活检与诊断性刮宫对绝经后子宫出血的诊断价值比较

目的　探讨绝经后子宫出血的原因 ,比较宫腔镜与B超联合定位活组织检查 (联合定位活检 )与传统的诊断性刮宫 (诊刮 )对绝经后子宫出血的诊断价值。方法　 10 5例绝经后子宫出血患者 ,5 4例联合定位活检、5 1例诊刮 ,术后比较病理检查结果。结果　萎缩性子宫内膜炎是引起绝经后子宫出血的主要原因 ,子宫黏膜下肌瘤、子宫内膜息肉、子宫内膜增生样病变、子宫内膜癌亦是绝经后子宫出血的常见原因 ,联合定位活检病理检查的符合率 (88. 89% ) ,诊刮病理检查的符合率 (6 2 .75 % ) ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 . 0 5 )。结论　宫腔镜与B超联合定位活检具有安全、可靠、准确的优点 ,是绝经后子宫出血的最佳诊断手段 ,值得推广应用。     

宫腔镜联合B超检查诊断异常子宫出血104例临床分析

目的探讨宫腔镜联合B超检查在各种异常子宫出血中的诊断价值。方法我院应用宫腔镜联合B超检查异常子宫出血104例，术前均行B超检查，术中行定位取材或诊断性刮宫。结果在异常子宫出血病因诊断中，宫腔镜联合B超检查诊断子宫内膜增生症12例，与病理诊断的符合率为70．59％；子宫内膜息肉26例，符合率为92．86％；子宫黏膜下肌瘤13例，符合率为92．86％；慢性子宫内膜炎30例，符合率为93．75％。结论对异常子宫出血的病因诊断中，宫腔镜联合B超检查提高子宫内膜息肉及子宫黏膜下肌瘤的诊断率，尽管对子宫内膜增生症及子宫内膜癌需经病理诊断，但因镜下可以定位诊刮，亦提高了诊断率。宫腔镜联合B超检查是诊断各种异常子宫出血的有效且有价值的方法。     

宫腔镜诊断异常子宫出血114例分析

目的:探讨宫腔镜诊断异常子宫出血的价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理检查确诊114例异常子宫出血患者宫腔镜检查资料。结果:宫腔镜诊断子宫黏膜下肌瘤25例,子宫内膜息肉26例,宫颈管息肉10例,妊娠物残留1例,子宫内膜癌7例,功能性子宫出血44例,未见异常1例,诊断准确率98.2%。结论:宫腔镜检查可以直视宫腔内病变、定位取材,诊断准确率较高,是较好的诊断异常子宫出血的方法。     

宫腔镜检查在异常子宫出血中的应用价值

目的探讨宫腔镜检查在异常子宫出血（abnormal uterine bleeding，AUB）中的应用价值。方法对398例AUB患者进行宫腔镜检查，将发现的子宫内膜病变类型按不同年龄进行分组比较。结果萎缩性子宫内膜、子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜炎是绝经后出血的常见原因，而子宫内膜息肉及子宫内膜腺囊性增生过长是育龄期和围绝经期异常子宫出血的主要原因。结论宫腔镜检查对AUB的病因诊断具有重要价值，各个年龄阶段的AUB患者首选宫腔镜检查及定位取检是很有益处的。     

宫腔镜诊断异常子宫出血157例分析

目的：探讨宫腔镜检查在诊断异常子宫出血中的临床应用价值。方法：采用宫腔镜与病理组织学检查相结合的方法。于检查中在宫腔内定位摘取病变组织或诊断性刮取内膜。对157例异常子宫出血原因进行分析。结果：宫腔镜检查诊断宫腔内胎物残留与病理诊断符合率为100％，子宫内膜息肉为94．1％，子宫黏膜下肌瘤为85．5％，子宫内膜癌为80．0％，慢性子宫内膜炎为77.8％，子宫内膜增生过长为62．1％。结论：宫腔镜检查结合定位病变组织活检是诊断异常子宫出血可靠和理想的手段。     

宫腔镜联合B超检查在诊断异常子宫出血中的作用及临床观察

目的：探讨宫腔镜联合B超检查在诊断异常子宫出血中的作用。方法：选择2000年5月－2000年12月我院176例经宫腔镜联合B超检查并行组织病理诊断的异常子宫出血患者，分析宫腔镜联合B超检查与病理诊断的符合情况。结果：176例宫腔镜联合B超检查与病理诊断的总符合率为83.00%，与初诊总符合率（29.50%）及单纯B超检查总符合率（59.10%）比较均有显著性差异（P＝0.000）。176例宫腔镜联合B超检查中子宫粘膜下肌瘤（3／3）、宫颈肌瘤（3／3）、宫颈息肉（7／7）、宫腔内胚胎残留（13／13）病理诊断的符合率均为100.00%，子宫内膜息肉为95.60%（43／45）、慢性子宫内膜炎为86.00%（43／50）、子宫内膜增生过长为63.04%（29/46）、子宫内膜癌为50.00%（1／2）。结论：宫腔镜联合B超检查可明显提高异常子宫出血症状诊断的准确性，但不能取代组织病理学诊断。     

宫腔镜对绝经后出血宫腔病因的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨宫腔镜对绝经后子宫出血(PMB)诊断效果。方法对我院2004年1月至2006年12月门诊收治绝经后子宫出血患者,妇科检查局部阴道及宫颈未发现明显异常,考虑出血来自宫腔的共125例,宫腔镜检查后常规刮宫,未能刮出组织者在直视下取活检。所有刮出物或活检组织均送病理检查。结果宫腔镜诊断宫腔异常病变的敏感性为97.8%(90/92),特异性为81.8%(27/33),阳性预测值为93.8%(90/96),阴性预测值为93.1%(27/29)。其中子宫黏膜下肌瘤100%,子宫内膜息肉90.0%,子宫内膜炎87.0%,子宫内膜癌73.3%,子宫内膜增生70.6%。结论对于绝经后阴道出血患者,行宫腔镜检查,全面观察宫腔情况,全面诊刮,必要时在直视下取活检,可以大大提高宫腔病变确诊率。     

宫腔镜检查在子宫异常出血中的诊断价值

目的研究官腔镜检查术在子宫异常出血中的诊断价值。方法应用官腔镜检查子宫异常出血病人218例。术中行定位取材并送病理检查，并将两者进行比较。结果官腔镜诊断子宫内膜息肉的敏感性为85．00％，子宫内膜增生过长为80．65％，黏膜下子宫肌瘤为100％，子宫内膜癌为70．00％，子宫内膜萎缩为100％，子宫内膜炎为87．50％。结论官腔镜检查在子宫异常出血的诊断中具有重要临床价值。官腔镜检查可以观察到更详细的宫内形态学的变化，提高对各种宫内疾病的诊断率。     

宫腔镜检查与治疗绝经后子宫出血80例临床分析

目的评价宫腔镜对绝经后子宫出血的诊断及治疗价值。方法总结80例绝经后子宫出血患者应用宫腔镜检查与治疗的临床资料，着重与病理学检查结果作对照分析。结果80例患者中有62例阳性发现，其中萎缩性子宫内膜28例，子宫内膜不规则增生11例，子宫内膜息肉8例，子宫颈管息肉4例，子宫黏膜下肌瘤4例，宫内节育器3例，颈管炎2例，子宫内膜癌2例。诊断阳性率为77．5％。其中子宫内膜息肉、颈管息肉、子宫黏膜下肌瘤及颈管炎行宫腔镜下电切手术。结论宫腔镜检查对绝经后子宫出血诊断阳性率高，与定位活检结合可明显提高宫腔内疾病诊断的准确率，而且宫腔镜下电切术使可保守治疗的患者避免剖腹探查或子宫切除，并具有患者痛苦小、术后恢复快的优点。     

Comparative study of transvaginal sonography and hysteroscopy for the detection of pathologic endometrial lesions in women with postmenopausal bleeding.

Dilatation and curettage is used as the "gold standard" for diagnosing pathologic endometrial lesions in women with postmenopausal bleeding. In this group of women, about 10% have an endometrial cancer and an additional 20% have some other endometrial abnormality. However, some abnormalities, such as endometrial polyps and submucous fibroids, are difficult to diagnose by dilatation and curettage. In such cases, combining transvaginal sonography with hysteroscopy may be of value. This study compared the use of transvaginal sonography and hysteroscopy for evaluation of the uterine cavity in women with postmenopausal bleeding. The study included 51 women, 39 of whom had an abnormally thick ( > 4 mm) endometrium as measured by transvaginal sonography, and 35 of 39 had an abnormal appearance at hysteroscopy. The sensitivity and specificity for the measurement of endometrial thickness using transvaginal sonography to diagnose an endometrial abnormality were 100% and 75%, respectively. The corresponding figures for hysteroscopy were 97% and 88%. In all women with an endometrial thickness of 8 mm as measured by transvaginal sonography, hysteroscopy is identified as an abnormality. The study indicates that transvaginal sonography reveals an endometrial thickness of > or = 8 mm and the histopathologic diagnosis after dilatation and curettage is atrophic endometrial polyp or submucous myoma.     

Transvaginal color Doppler sonography versus sonohysterography in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic performance of transvaginal color Doppler sonography (TVCD) and sonohysterography (SHG) in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps. METHODS: Fifty-one women (mean age, 51 years; range, 27-75 years) with clinical or B-mode sonographic suspicion of endometrial polyps were included in this prospective study. Transvaginal color Doppler sonography first and then SHG were performed in all patients. On TVCD, a polyp was suspected when a vascular pedicle penetrating the endometrium from the myometrium was identified. On SHG, a polyp was suspected when a focal polypoid lesion was seen within the endometrial cavity. All patients underwent hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy, the findings of which were used as the criterion standard. Sensitivity and specificity for TVCD and SHG were calculated and compared by the McNemar test. RESULTS: Hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy findings were as follows: endometrial polyps, 41; endometrial hyperplasia, 3; cystic atrophy, 4; proliferative endometrium, 2; and endometritis, 1. Sensitivity and specificity for TVCD and SHG were 95% and 80% and 100% and 80%, respectively (McNemar test, P = .5) CONCLUSIONS: Transvaginal color Doppler sonography and SHG had similar performance for diagnosing endometrial polyps.     

Sonohysterography compared with endometrial biopsy for evaluation of the endometrium in tamoxifen-treated women.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare endometrial biopsy and sonohysterography for evaluation of the endometrium in tamoxifen-treated women. METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify 51 consecutive tamoxifen-treated women who had sonohysterography and correlative endometrial biopsy for evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding or thickened endometrium of greater than 8 mm. Endometrial biopsy and sonohysterographic results were compared in all women, and for 27 (53%) women who had hysteroscopy with dilation and curettage, endometrial biopsy and sonohysterographic findings also were compared with surgical pathologic findings. RESULTS: Thirty-two (63%) of 51 sonohysterograms revealed endometrial polyps; 4 (8%) showed endometrium of greater than 5 mm; 14 (27%) showed endometrium of less than 5 mm; and 1 (2%) was inadequate. Endometrial biopsy findings were benign endometrium in 42 (82%), polyps in 4 (8%), and insufficient samples in 5 (10%). Among the adequate sonohysterograms, 64% (32 of 50) resulted in a diagnosis of polyps (95% confidence interval, 49%-77%) whereas the corresponding proportion for endometrial biopsy was 9% (4 of 46; 95% confidence interval, 2%-21%). For the group with hysteroscopy, 24 (92%) of 26 polyps were confirmed histopathologically; 1 polyp had complex hyperplasia. Polyps were present in 23 (89%) of 26 women with benign endometrium or insufficient samples by endometrial biopsy, and only 1 confirmed polyp was identified by endometrial biopsy. The sensitivity of sonohysterography for diagnosis of endometrial polyps (100%) was significantly higher than for endometrial biopsy (4%; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: In tamoxifen-treated women, sonohysterography provides a significant improvement in sensitivity for diagnosis of endometrial polyps compared with endometrial biopsy.     

Comparison of sonography,sonohysterography, and hysteroscopy for evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding.

We compared transvaginal sonography, sonohysterography, and diagnostic hysteroscopy in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding, Sixty-eight women 40 or older with abnormal uterine bleeding were assigned to undergo either transvaginal sonography or sonohysterography. All subjects then had diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy. Patients with abnormal findings underwent operative hysteroscopy or definitive therapy. Transvaginal sonography, sonohysterography, and diagnostic hysteroscopy revealed a sensitivity of 95%, 90%, and 78%, and a specificity of 65%, 83%, and 54%, respectively. The average cost for transvaginal sonography of sonohysterography was $195 and the cost for diagnostic hysteroscopy was $675. Transvaginal sonography and sonohysterography are cost-effective alternatives and more sensitive diagnostic tests than office diagnostic hysteroscopy.