肢体软组织肉瘤的MRI表现和评价

目的：分析肢体软组织肉瘤的ＭＲＩ表现，以提高认识。方法：分析２０例（２４次ＭＲ扫描）经手术病理证实的肢体软组织肉瘤的ＭＲＩ资料。结果：肿瘤边界Ｔ２ＷＩ较Ｔ１ＷＩ显示的清楚；Ｔ１ＷＩ肿瘤呈中等信号（１７／２４）和中等偏高信号。Ｔ２ＷＩ肿瘤呈较高信号，其内可见结节状高信号及低信号分隔（１３／２４）；脂肪抑制成像肿瘤显示更清楚。增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ，肿瘤均呈不均匀的云雾状增强。结论：ＭＲＩ动态增强扫描能较好地显示软组织肉瘤的恶性征象，结合肿瘤的生长方式、形态特征以及临床资料，有助于判定肿瘤的良恶性。ＭＲＩ能清晰显示肿瘤及侵犯范围。各种软组织肉瘤之间无明显特征性表现     

子宫内膜异位症的MRI诊断

目的：分析子宫内膜异位症的ＭＲＩ影像特征。材料和方法：回顾性分析２６例子内膜异位症的ＭＲＩ影像特征，全部病例经手术及病理证实。结果：１２例Ｔ２ＷＩ显示子宫内大片低信号区，同时加杂斑点状高信号，１０例Ｔ１ＷＩ显示低信号区内加杂斑点同信号，２例Ｔ１ＷＩ显示均匀信号，１９个附件囊肿，其中９个Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ均呈高信号，４个Ｔ１ＷＩ呈讷是Ｔ２ＷＩ呈低或等信号，６个Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ均呈混杂信号，结论：诊     

肌肉内血管瘤的MRI诊断

目的：探讨肌肉内血管瘤的ＭＲＩ诊断价值。方法：回顾性总结１５例经手术和病理证实的肌肉内血管瘤的ＭＲＩ表现。结果：１５例ＭＲＩ检查见软组织肿块,Ｔ１ＷＩ呈信号或稍高信号Ｔ２ＷＩ呈高信号,其中１０例信号不均匀,５例可见肿瘤内流空血管影;１３例注射Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ后扫描肿瘤呈明显强化。结论：ＭＲＩ可以帮助确诊肌肉内血管瘤,对确定手术范围有重要的价值。     

周围软组织血管瘤的MRI表现和病理联系

目的 探讨ＭＲＩ诊断周围软组织血管瘤的意义,材料和方法 回顾性地分析了１１例软组织血管瘤的ＭＲＩ表现和病理联系,结果：１１例血管瘤Ｔ２ＷＩ都有显著高信号,Ｔ１ＷＩ上略高于肌肉组织信号,９例血管瘤Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ上均为不均匀信号强度,ＭＲＩ信号强度不均匀性病理代表了纤维化,脂肪,平滑肌或钙化结论：周围软组织血管瘤含有多变的非血管组织,ＭＲＩ表现反央了这种形态学,在约叁多数病例,ＭＲＩ表现结合临床资     

侵袭性垂体腺瘤的MRI诊断

目的：研究ＭＲＩ对诊断侵袭性垂体腺瘤的能力和意义。材料和方法：搜集６０例经手术、病理证实的侵袭性垂体腺瘤。使用ＴＯＳＨＩＢＡ０３５Ｔ或ＲＥＳＯＮＥＸ０３８ＴＭＲＩ扫描机。行ＳＥ序列冠状面（Ｔ１ＷＩ、Ｔ２ＷＩ及质子加权成像）和矢状面（Ｔ１ＷＩ）。１７例注射ＧＤ·ＤＴＰＡ后行冠状面ＳＥ序列Ｔ１ＷＩ。结果：侵袭性垂体腺瘤侵蚀海绵窦５４例，颈内动脉３３例，侵及鞍底、蝶骨嵴、蝶窦３４例，侵犯斜坡１１例，三叉神经半月节４例，侵犯视神经及三脑室３９例，侵犯额叶、颞叶７例。实质性肿瘤在Ｔ１ＷＩ多为中等信号，Ｔ２ＷＩ和质子密度加权均为等或稍高信号。出血表现为Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ均为高信号。囊变为Ｔ１ＷＩ低信号，Ｔ２ＷＩ高信号。瘤体有均匀或不均匀强化。结论：由于ＭＲＩ对不同组织有较好的解剖分辨率，我们认为ＭＲＩ诊断本病，并为正确制定治疗方案提供依据。     

心肌心包肿瘤的影像学评价和探讨

目的 评价影像学对心肌心包肿瘤的应用及分析其影像学表现,材料与方法 经证实２８例除１例良性心包血管瘤外,其余均为恶笥,原发性８例,转移性１９例,临床表现为心脏堵塞症状与体征。２０例血性心包积液,进行胸部平片,超声心动图,心是图,ＣＴ直接增强扫找,ＭＲＩ检查,结果：（１）良性心包肿瘤ＭＲＩ清楚显示心包扁平肿物伴纤维包膜,界限清晰,Ｔ１ＷＩ,Ｔ２ＷＩ呈均匀中等信号,（２）恶性：ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ心包或心肌常     

嗅神经母细胞瘤的MRI评价

目的：评价ＭＲＩ在嗅神经母细胞瘤诊断中的价值。材料与方法：对３例经手术病理证实的嗅神经母细胞瘤ＭＲＩ表现行回顾性分析。检查序列为ＳＥ序列,且均行Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ增强扫描。结果：本组３例嗅神经母细胞瘤中,２例病灶起源于鼻腔顶部,１例起源于嗅沟,均侵犯筛窦和前颅凹,其中２例累及同侧眼眶、蝶窦。与脑组织的信号相比,２例ＭＲＩＴ１ＷＩ呈低信号,Ｔ２ＷＩ呈高信号,病灶均匀强化;１例Ｔ１ＷＩ呈等,低信号,Ｔ２Ｗ     

肌肉损伤的磁共振成像和病理改变的对照研究

目的：探讨肌肉损伤后ＭＲＩ的信号变化与病理改变之间的关系。方法：采用１４只灰兔建立肌肉损伤的动物模型，在损伤后多次行ＭＲＩ检查并分８次处死兔子进行光镜和电检查与ＭＲＩ对照。结果：ＭＲＩ表现，肌肉损伤后在Ｔ１ＷＩ表现高信号影，可维持４０ｄ以上；在Ｔ２ＷＩ上，损伤后表现为高信号影，在４４ｄ时基本恢复正常。病理改变：光镜下主要表现为出血、水肿、肌肉变性坏死及炎性细胞浸润；３ｄ时变化最为明显。电镜主要表现     

SD大鼠肝癌模型瘤内MRI征象与病理对照研究

目的：通过ＳＤ大鼠肝癌模型,探讨其ＭＲＩ征象及其病理组织形态学的关系。材料与方法：１３只ＳＤ大鼠肝癌模型共２１个瘤灶,用１．５Ｔ超导ＭＲ机检查,观察ＭＲＩ征象与其病理进行对照。结果：１．肿瘤发级为Ⅱ级有１７个瘤灶,Ｔ１ＷＩ等领事或稍低信号、Ｔ２ＷＩ稍高信号;肿瘤细胞分级为Ⅲ级的４个瘤灶中３个瘤灶Ｔ１ＷＩ稍低信号、Ｔ２ＷＩ高信号,另１个瘤 Ｔ１ＷＩ呈稍低信号、Ｔ２ＷＩ呈稍高信号;２．Ｔ２ＷＩ呈稍高信     

肾上腺血管瘤的CT及MRI的表现与病理对照研究

目的旨在提出肾上腺血管瘤的ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ的表现特点。方法回顾分析经手术病理证实肾上腺海绵状血管瘤６例。位于肾上腺５例,异位肾脏１例。ＣＴ扫描５例,ＭＲＩ扫描４例。结果肿瘤最大径５ｃｍ～１２ｃｍ;呈圆形或椭圆形,实性５例,囊性１例;全部有完整包膜;肿瘤边缘清楚锐利５例。ＣＴ表现：平扫３例,囊状１例,密度均匀或不均匀各１例。增强扫描４例中３例肿瘤边缘见高度强化的结节状及条状影,１例见对比剂向瘤体中部充盈。ＭＲＩ表现：Ｔ１ＷＩ肿瘤呈低信号团块。Ｔ２ＷＩ肿瘤信号明显不均匀,高低信号对比明显,边缘区有结节及条状高信号影,中部为不规则高信号区与低信号区混杂存在。动态增强扫描３例肿瘤边缘均见结节状及条状强化。异位于肾内病灶在ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ图像上与原发肾癌相似无法区别。结论在ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ增强图像中肿瘤边缘见结节状、条状明显强化影是血管瘤的特征。因此强调在肾上腺肿瘤诊断中增强扫描是非常必要的。ＭＲＩＴ２ＷＩ像显示肿瘤信号明显不均匀,高低信号对比明显及边缘见高信号结节或条状影与其它肿瘤不同,应视为血管瘤的第二特征     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.