T1-2N0M0期甲状腺癌行全甲状腺切除加中央区淋巴结清扫必要性探讨

目的 分析T1-2N0M0期分化型甲状腺癌不同治疗术式的肿瘤复发再手术率,探讨全甲状腺切除加中央区淋巴结清扫的必要性。方法 回顾性分析2020年4月至2021年4月郑州大学第一附属医院甲状腺外科228例术前评估为T1-2N0M0期,行全甲状腺切除加中央区淋巴结清扫的分化型甲状腺癌病人临床资料。参考2015美国甲状腺协会（ATA）分化型甲状腺癌诊疗指南,评估如果选择行腺叶切除术或全甲状腺切除术,而不行中央区淋巴结清扫,可能出现肿瘤复发的情况,并统计复发再手术率。结果 如果选择行全甲状腺切除术不加中央区淋巴结清扫,肿瘤复发再手术率35.2%（19/54）;如果选择行腺叶切除术不加中央区淋巴结清扫,肿瘤复发再手术率32.7%（54/165）;两者总体肿瘤复发再手术率为33.3%（73/219）。结论 选择T1-2N0M0期分化型甲状腺癌手术方式时,参考ATA分化型甲状腺癌诊疗指南可能会缩小手术范围,增加肿瘤复发再手术率。选择手术方式时应做好充分的术前评估,根据肿瘤大小、包膜侵犯和淋巴结转移情况,保证喉返神经及甲状旁腺安全前提下选择更加合理的治疗术式。     

颈淋巴结清扫在分化型甲状腺癌再手术中的价值

目的：探讨颈淋巴结清扫术在分化型甲状腺癌再手术中的价值。指导甲状腺癌再手术的术式选择。方法。回顾性分析122分化型甲状腺癌再次手术病人中88例作颈淋巴结清扫术的临床资料。88例中，甲状腺肿瘤局部切除术38例，甲状腺腺叶加峡部切除术16例，全甲状腺切除2例，颈淋巴结活检32例，结果：甲状腺微小癌11例，颈淋巴结转移率65．91％（58／88），甲状腺残癌率31．59％（12／38）。结论：颈淋巴结清扫术在甲状腺癌再次手术中具有明确的治疗作用，对侵及包膜，颈淋巴结肿大以及甲状腺微小癌应作颈淋巴结清扫术。对复发癌应再次手术。再手术需彻底切除癌灶，保护甲状旁腺及喉返神经。     

分化型甲状腺癌局部切除术后再次手术的探讨

目的探讨甲状腺结节初次手术方式的选择,以及分化型甲状腺癌局部切除术后再次手术的必要性。方法回顾性分析4年间收治的138例分化型甲状腺癌局部切除术后行再次手术的患者的临床资料。再次手术均行双侧甲状腺全切加不同范围的颈部淋巴结清扫。结果再次手术后病理检查腺体和淋巴结内有残余癌的发生率为76.8%。院外首次手术后单侧喉返神经损伤的22例及双侧损伤的1例(总发生率为16.7%),经修复后恢复19例。再次手术后新发的喉返神经损伤3例(2.2%),甲状旁腺部分损伤2例(1.4%),喉上神经损伤2例(1.4%);无食管损伤及术后出血。结论分化型甲状腺癌局部切除术后癌残留的发生率较高,应再次手术。再次手术以选择双侧甲状腺全切和颈部淋巴结清扫为宜。     

甲状腺癌误诊及再手术临床分析

回顾性分析30例甲状腺癌再手术的临床资料。30例均为首次手术术前术中误诊为甲状腺良性疾病行甲状腺次全切除或腺叶部分切除术者。l5例首次手术后1个月再手术，7例(46．7％)有甲状腺残癌；l5例首次手术后6个月以上再手术者，ll例(73．3％)甲状腺癌复发，9例(60．0％)颈淋巴结转移。喉返神经损伤2例，甲状旁腺功能减退l例。再手术5年生存率88．2％，l0年生存率66．7％。提示：甲状腺癌再手术主要原因为首次手术误诊为甲状腺良性疾病致首次手术治疗不当，残癌率和复发率较高。合理的再手术治疗，仍能取得较好疗效。     

小于45岁的分化型甲状腺癌患者预后因素分析

目的 探讨影响小于45岁分化型甲状腺癌患者的预后因素。方法 对1985年-1997年间在本院首次治疗年龄小于45岁的全部分化型甲状腺癌患者的资料进行单因素（寿命表法）和多因素分析（Cox比例模型）分析。结果 全部病例共272例，10年生存率为93．0％；单因素分析显示首次治疗时的年龄小于等于20岁、有淋巴结转移或远处转移预后差；多因素分析显示远处转移是影响分化型甲状腺癌预后的独立因素。结论 远处转移是影响小于45岁分化型甲状腺癌预后的独立因素，有远处转移的患者，行全或近全甲状腺切除术，术后行^131I内照射治疗可能有利于提高其生存率。     

甲状腺癌再次手术72例临床分析

目的分析甲状腺癌再次手术原因,探讨再次手术的时机和方式。方法回顾性分析2003年6月至2006年8月间收治的72例甲状腺癌再次手术患者的临床资料。再次手术原因主要为首次手术不当致肿瘤残留、肿瘤复发或颈淋巴结转移和^131Ⅰ治疗前的甲状腺清除。再次手术方式：病灶≤2cm的单个肿瘤,行患侧加峡部切除;其余行双侧甲状腺全切;怀疑及确诊为淋巴结转移者,加选择性颈淋巴结清扫术。结果术后病理证实,腺体肿瘤残留率47．1％（32／68）,淋巴结肿瘤残留率81．4％（35／43）。术后暂时性和永久性喉返神经损伤发生率分别为5．6％（4／72）及1．4％（1／72）。暂时性和永久性甲状旁腺损伤发生率分别为26．4％（19／72）及1．4％（1／72）。结论对于有肿瘤残留或复发的甲状腺癌患者,再次手术是必要的。最佳手术方式是双侧甲状腺全切加中央组淋巴结清扫和术中冰冻切片检查。     

546例分化型甲状腺癌手术治疗分析

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌的手术治疗方式.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2006年12月收治的546例行手术治疗的分化型甲状腺癌患者的临床资料,均行双侧甲状腺全切除术和选择性颈淋巴结清扫术.结果 全组无手术及住院期间死亡.颈部淋巴结转移阳性率为76,2%(358/470).单侧喉返神经损伤的发生率1.1%(6例),双侧喉返神经损伤0例;甲状旁腺部分损伤0.4%(2例),甲状旁腺完全损伤0例;喉上神经损伤0.7%(4例),术后出血0.6%(3例),食管损伤0.2%(1例).结论 对于分化型甲状腺癌患者,均应行双侧甲状腺全切除术;对于肿瘤直径＞1 cm的患者,还应行双侧中央组+患侧颈深组淋巴结清扫.     

普通外科：甲状腺、甲状旁腺

结节性甲状腺肿的内镜治疗（附舯例报告）；73例腔镜下甲状腺叶切除术的体会；原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症并发甲状腺疾病21例临床分析；侵犯气管的甲状腺癌切除后锁骨头带蒂软骨修补术12例报告;无转移分化型甲状腺癌首次手术范围的选择     

全甲状腺切除术在治疗双侧甲状腺癌中的应用体会

目的 探讨全甲状腺切除术在双侧甲状腺癌治疗中的应用体会. 方法 回顾性总结分析本院2001年3月至2010年3月68例双侧甲状腺癌患者行全甲状腺切除术治疗临床资料. 结果 本组无围手术期死亡病例,全组病例行全甲状腺切除＋颈淋巴清扫术,Ⅰ期颈部淋巴结清扫65例,Ⅱ期再次颈部淋巴结清扫3例,双侧淋巴结均阳性21例（30.8％）,单侧淋巴结阳性32例（47％）.平均颈部淋巴结转移阳性数7.5个;8例一过性甲状旁腺功能低下,2例顽固性低钙血症;1例乳糜漏;2例饮水呛咳,无声音嘶哑病例.68例均长期服用甲状腺素片替代治疗,随访时间平均7年2个月,无死亡及声音嘶哑病例. 结论 全甲状腺切除术治疗双侧甲状腺癌是安全有效的,同时可为术后患者的个体情况制定全面的综合方案创造条件,术中强调双侧喉返神经显露保护,并有效识别保留甲状旁腺及即刻甲状旁腺自体移植方法是减少全甲状腺切除术后并发症,改善患者术后生活质量的重要保证.     

分化型甲状腺癌手术治疗方法的探讨

目的探讨分化型甲状腺癌的手术治疗方法。方法回顾性分析4年间收治的759例分化型甲状腺癌患者的临床资料，从甲状腺切除范围、颈部淋巴结清扫情况两方面探讨分化型甲状腺癌的治疗。结果全组患者均接受双侧甲状腺全切术。术后病理学检查结果显示，多灶性甲状腺癌占23．6％，合并结节性甲状腺肿、桥本病和Grave病等的患者共381例，占50．2％。638例行不同范围的颈淋巴结清扫术，487例（76．3％）有颈淋巴结转移。术后并发症发生率为3．4％。结论结合国外临床指南及该组临床资料分析，建议将双侧甲状腺全切术作为我国分化型甲状腺癌的常规手术方法，并结合患者的肿瘤分期，考虑是否行颈淋巴结清扫术。     

分化型峡部甲状腺癌的外科治疗：附26例报告

目的:探讨甲状腺峡部分化型腺癌(DTC)的手术治疗策略.方法:回顾性分析2000年1月-2012年1月手术治疗的26例甲状腺峡部DTC患者临床资料.结果:26例均行甲状腺全切除术及同期双侧颈Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫术,16例颈深淋巴结转移者同时行单侧或双侧功能性/根治性颈部淋巴结清扫术.全组无手术死亡,一侧喉上神经损伤1例,一侧喉返神经损伤2例,短暂性甲状旁腺功能减退3例,永久性甲状旁腺功能减退1例.26例均获得1～12年的随访,均健康生存,7例发生颈侧区淋巴结复发转移,再次行单侧颈部淋巴结清扫,并经131I治愈.结论:甲状腺全切除术联合同期双侧颈Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫术是甲状腺峡部DTC的有效术式,有颈侧区淋巴结转移时,同时行单侧或双侧功能性/根治性颈部淋巴结清扫术;熟悉解剖、规范精细操作是避免发生严重并发症的关键.     

达芬奇机器人治疗肿瘤直径大于2 cm甲状腺癌的临床研究

目的与开放手术相比较,评估经腋乳径路达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术治疗肿瘤直径大于2 cm甲状腺癌的手术安全性和肿瘤彻底性。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年1月在济南军区总医院通过开放手术或机器人手术治疗肿瘤直径2～4 cm的甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料。 结果本研究包括行机器人甲状腺切除手术患者30例,行开放手术患者45例。机器人手术组与开放手术组的肿瘤直径均在2～4 cm,两组患者均行甲状腺全切及颈部淋巴结清扫术,机器人手术组均顺利完成,无中转开放手术。机器人手术组平均年龄为(36.18 ± 3.5)岁,开放组平均年龄为(45.90 ± 2.2)岁。机器人组平均手术时间为(146.2 ± 30.5) min,显著长于开放组手术时间(95.9 ± 26.2) min (P< 0.001)。两组均未发生永久性喉返神经损伤和甲状旁腺功能减退,两组在术后短暂性喉返神经损伤发生率和甲状旁腺功能减退发生率、术后引流量、住院时间、清扫淋巴结数目比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。术后美容效果数字评分系统得分,机器人手术组(9.4 ± 0.4)分,显著优于开放组的(5.2 ± 1.2)分(P< 0.05)。 结论与开放手术相比,对肿瘤直径2～4 cm的甲状腺乳头状癌患者行机器人甲状腺手术可以保证手术安全性和肿瘤切除的彻底性,并且具有更好的美容效果,适合于在意颈部瘢痕的患者。     

Cost Effectiveness of Routine Laryngoscopy in the Surgical Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Background

Some surgeons perform flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) in all patients prior to thyroid cancer operations. Given the low likelihood of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) or aerodigestive invasion in clinically low-risk thyroid cancers, the value of routine FFL in this group is controversial. We hypothesized that routine preoperative FFL would not be cost effective in low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Methods

A decision model was constructed comparing preoperative FFL versus surgery without FFL in a clinical stage T2 N0 DTC patient without voice symptoms. Total thyroidectomy and definitive hemithyroidectomy were both modeled as possible initial surgical approaches. Outcome probabilities and their corresponding utilities were estimated via literature review, and costs were estimated using Medicare reimbursement data. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the uncertainty of cost, probability, and utility estimates in the model.

Results

When the initial surgical strategy was total thyroidectomy, routine preoperative FFL produced an incremental cost of $183 and an incremental effectiveness of 0.000126 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for routine FFL prior to total thyroidectomy was $1.45 million/QALY, exceeding the $100,000/QALY threshold for cost effectiveness. Routine FFL became cost effective if the preoperative probability of asymptomatic vocal cord paralysis increased from 1.0% to 4.9%, or if the cost of preoperative FFL decreased from $128 to $27. Changing the extent of initial surgery to hemithyroidectomy produced a higher ICER for routine FFL of $1.7 million/QALY.

Conclusion

Routine preoperative FFL is not cost effective in asymptomatic patients with sonographically low-risk DTC, regardless of the initial planned extent of surgery.

     

Surgical strategy for the treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate surgical complications, patterns of lymph node metastases, and calcitonin response to compartment-oriented lymphadenectomy in patients with primary or recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The majority of patients with invasive MTC have metastasis to regional lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis, as evidenced by the frequent finding of persistently elevated calcitonin levels after thyroidectomy and the high rates of recurrence in the cervical lymph nodes reported in retrospective studies. These data have provided the rationale for surgeons to perform a more extensive lymphadenectomy at the time of initial thyroidectomy and to consider reoperative cervical lymphadenectomy in patients with persistently elevated calcitonin levels after thyroidectomy. METHODS: Forty patients underwent surgery for MTC from 1991 to 1997 (23 sporadic cases, 17 familial cases). Patients were divided into three groups based on whether they had undergone previous thyroidectomy and on the results of standardized staging studies performed after referral to the authors' institution. Group 1 (11 patients) had received no previous surgery; group 2 (13) underwent thyroidectomy before referral and had an elevated calcitonin level without radiologic evidence of local regional or distant metastases; and group 3 (16) underwent thyroidectomy before referral and had an elevated calcitonin level with radiologic evidence of local-regional recurrence. The central neck compartment was dissected in all patients; preoperative staging and the extent of previous surgery dictated the need for lateral (modified radical) neck dissection. After primary or reoperative surgery, calcitonin levels were assessed. RESULTS: All patients had major reductions in postoperative calcitonin levels. Seven (29%) of 24 patients in groups 1 and 2 achieved normal calcitonin values compared with only 1 (6%) of 16 in group 3. Postoperative complications included seven cases (17%) of permanent hypoparathyroidism; five (71%) of these occurred in group 3. There were no iatrogenic recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries; one patient required recurrent nerve resection to achieve complete tumor extirpation. At a median follow up of 35 months, local recurrence was documented in 5 (13%) of 40 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Compartment-oriented lymphadenectomy performed early in the course of MTC is safe and may return calcitonin levels to normal in up to 25% of carefully selected patients. However, reoperation for bulky cervical disease (group 3) rarely results in normal calcitonin levels and is associated with a high incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism.     

Nodular thyreopathies. Results of 1300 operations

To evaluate the results of surgery for nodular thyreopathies, 1300 cases operated on from January 1974 to December 1987 were reviewed. 842 patients (64.7%) were female; the average age, 41 +/- 2.4 year. Thyroid pathology was represented by solitary nodule in 643 cases (49.4%); multinodular goitre in 559 cases (43.0%) (377 euthyroid and 182 hyperthyroid patients); retrosternal in 78 cases (5.9%); recurrent goitre in 20 cases (1.5%). The patients underwent total thyroidectomy (525 cases); sub-total thyroidectomy (132 cases); total lobectomy (643 cases). Post-operative follow-up (clinical exam; T3, T4, tsh analysis); was performed at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The overall mortality rate was 0.13 percent (two deaths, respectively after total-0.1% - and sub-total thyroidectomy-0.7%). Immediate post-operative complications were: recurrent palsy (9 cases, 0.6%); acute respiratory failure (2 cases, 0.7%); hypoparathyroidism (3 cases, 0.2%). Late sequelae (1-3 year) were recurrent nerve palsy in 7 patients (0.5%); hypoparathyroidism in one case (0.07%). 46 patients which underwent sub-total thyroidectomy were hypothyroid to T3, T4, TSH analysis and required thyroxine support treatment. New concepts on the pathogenesis of multinodular goitre (growth autonomy of goitre human tissue; failure of thyreosuppressive therapy to prevent relapses after sub-total thyroidectomy) and the results of this review of 1300 interventions seems confirm the indication to total thyroidectomy in the treatment of both euthyroid and toxic multinodular goitre.     

Safety and efficacy of total thyroidectomy in hands of endocrine surgery trainees

BACKGROUND: Fear of a high complication rate of total thyroidectomy, especially in the hands of less experienced surgeons, limits its routine use. The results of total thyroidectomy in the hands of endocrine surgery trainees and consultants were compared to know whether this procedure can be performed effectively and safely by trainees. METHODS: Medical records of 232 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy from 1990 to 1997 were reviewed. Patients were put into groups A (operated by consultants) and B (trainees). Safety (postoperative hypoparathyroidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, and hemorrhage) and efficacy (postoperative radioactive iodine uptake) in the two groups were compared. RESULTS: There were 127 patients in group A and 105 in group B. Rates of occurrence of permanent hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy were comparable in the two groups. Postoperative radioactive iodine uptake in the two groups was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Total thyroidectomy can be safely and effectively performed by endocrine surgical trainees.     

Total Thyroidectomy or Thyroid Lobectomy in Patients with Low-risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Surgical Decision Analysis of a Controversy Using a Mathematical Model

There is a general consensus that total or near-total thyroidectomy is the optimal treatment for patients with high risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), but the optimal extent of thyroidectomy in patients with low risk DTC continues to be controversial. To determine the optimal extent of thyroidectomy in patients with low risk DTC, we used decision analysis to compare the trade-offs of total thyroidectomy (TT) to thyroid lobectomy (TL). The decision analysis model included the probabilities of thyroidectomy complications, risk of DTC recurrence, and death from DTC. This information was obtained from the literature and from outcome data for patients with low risk DTC from our institution. In addition, the concept of utilities was used in the analysis. To determine the utility of each health outcome state (thyroidectomy complication, DTC recurrence, and DTC mortality for low risk patients) a survey was conducted. Overall, prospective patients viewed DTC recurrence as less desirable than thyroidectomy complication. The utilities assigned by the survey participants varied over a wide range, with 61.5% of the individuals viewing the occurrence of a thyroidectomy complication as better than DTC recurrence. At baseline utilities and probabilities, TT had a higher expected utility than TL. One-way sensitivity analysis varying the rates of (1) thyroidectomy complication, (2) DTC recurrence, and (3) DTC mortality over the possible range showed that complication from initial thyroidectomy was the most important factor that determined the preferred extent of thyroidectomy. TL was the preferred surgical approach only if a complication rate of > 33:1, TT/TL complication rate ratio, was assumed. When no differences in DTC recurrence between the two approaches was assumed in the model, TL had a higher expected utility using the baseline utilities of thyroidectomy complication and DTC mortality. The analysis indicates that TT in patients with low risk DTC is preferable to TL. However, TL is preferred if (1) no difference in the DTC recurrence rate between the two approaches is assumed, (2) a higher complication rate for TT is used (> 33 times higher), or (3) the utility ratio of thyroidectomy complication to DTC recurrence is < 0.8 TL. We believe this decision analysis model provides an objective approach that others can use to select the optimal extent of thyroidectomy based on patient preference of health outcome states, institution-specific outcome data for DTC recurrence or mortality, and the surgeon-specific complication rate.     

Rolle der totalen Thyreoidektomie im primären Therapiekonzept der benignen Knotenstruma

INTRODUCTION: After subtotal resection of multinodular goiter, rates of up to 40% are reported for recurrent goiter in the long-term follow-up. Because of the increased morbidity of surgery for recurrent goiter, this study evaluated the preconditions that would justify total thyroidectomy as part of the primary therapy concept for benign multinodular goiter. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Quality Assurance Study of Benign and Malignant Goiter covering the period from 1 January to 31 December 1998 assessed 5195 patients treated for benign goiter by primary bilateral resection. With respect to the extent of resection three groups were analyzed: bilateral subtotal resection (ST+ST, n=4580), subtotal resection with contralateral lobectomy (ST+HT, n=527), and total thyroidectomy (TT, n=88). RESULTS: The age of the patients was significantly higher (60.3 years) in the TT group than in the ST+ST (52.5 years) and ST+HT (55.6 years) groups. ASA classification grades III and IV were significantly more frequent in the TT group. The postoperative morbidity increased with the extent of resection. The rate of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy was 0.8% for ST+ST, 1.4% for ST+HT, and 2.3% for TT and of permanent hypoparathyroidism 1.5% for ST+ST, 2.8% for ST+HT, and 12.5% for TT. Multivariate analysis showed that the extent of resection significantly increased the risk of RLN palsy (transient RR 0.5, permanent RR 0.4) and hypoparathyroidism (transient RR 0.2,permanent RR 0.08). The surgeon's experience (RR 0.6) and identification of the RLN (RR 0.5) reduced the risk of permanent RLN palsy. Additionally, the development of permanent hypoparathyroidism was reduced if at least two parathyroid glands (RR 0.4) were identified. CONCLUSION: Total thyroidectomy is associated with an increased rate of RLN palsies and hypoparathyroidism in comparison to less extensive thyroid surgery. In the hands of well-trained surgeons using an appropriate intraoperative technique, primary thyroidectomy is justified if the patient has an increased risk of recurrent goiter. Due to the increased postoperative morbidity after total thyroidectomy, subtotal thyroid resection based on the morphologic changes in the thyroid gland is still recommended as the standard treatment regimen for multinodular goiter.     

机器人辅助超精细被膜解剖技术在甲状腺癌手术中的应用：附1 045例报告

背景与目的 由于机器人手术设备的3D视野以及灵活的内关节器械,机器人手术系统在甲状腺外科的应用扩展了腔镜手术的适用范围。本研究对笔者单位应用机器人辅助超精细被膜解剖（SMCD）技术实施的甲状腺癌（TC）根治术进行总结分析,探讨应用机器人实施SMCD技术的疗效与安全性。方法 回顾性分析中国人民解放军陆军军医大学第一附属医院2018年6月—2022年5月应用机器人辅助SMCD技术完成TC根治手术的1 045例患者临床资料。结果 1 045例患者均顺利完成机器人手术,其中,214例（20.5%）行单侧腺叶切除+单侧中央区淋巴结清扫,342例（32.7%）行甲状腺全切+单侧中央区淋巴结清扫,317例（30.3%）行甲状腺全切+双侧中央区淋巴结清扫,157例（15.0%）行甲状腺全切+双侧中央区淋巴结+单侧侧方清扫,15例（1.4%）行甲状腺全切+双侧中央区淋巴结+双侧侧方清扫。除了进行侧方清扫的172例（16.5%）患者采用经双侧乳晕和腋窝（BABA）入路外,其余873例（83.5%）均采用经单侧腋窝双侧乳晕（UABA）入路完成,平均手术时间为（151.74±59.62）min。行甲状旁腺移植38例（3.6%）,336例（32.2%）患者术后行¹³¹I治疗;术后发生了暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退245例（23.4%）,永久性甲状旁腺功能减退7例（0.7%）;术后发生了暂时性声音嘶哑4例（0.4%）;术后发生局部复发3例（0.3%）。单因素与多因素分析均显示手术切除范围是发生暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的影响因素（HR=1.51,95% CI=0.90~2.49,P<0.001;HR=1.20,95% CI=1.00~1.43,P=0.049）。结论 机器人TC手术安全彻底,UABA入路能够胜任机器人甲状腺全切+中央区清扫,而BABA则是行侧方淋巴结清扫更适合的选择。同时机器人辅助下SMCD的应用有助于保护甲状旁腺功能,减少永久性甲状旁腺功能低下的发生。     

Conservative surgical treatment in differentiated thyroid carcinoma]

BACKGROUND: Purpose of the present study was to compare survival of patients affected by differentiated thyroid carcinoma after total and partial thyroidectomy. METHODS: The study has been carried in a retrospective way; mean follow-up has been 160 months. Surgical setting has been the Institute of Emergency Surgery at the University of Catania, where about 80 thyroid surgical procedures are performed every year. Patients have been divided into two groups: the first included 65 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, while the second group included 67 patients who underwent partial thyroidectomy. Ten patients affected by a T3-T4, N0-N1 tumor were ruled out of the study to allow better uniformity of data. Besides early postoperative complications (recurrent nerve lesion, hypoparathyroidism), patients have been followed by periodic clinical and instrumental examinations. RESULTS: Follow-up has shown similar survival between patients treated by total thyroidectomy and those who underwent partial thyroidectomy (respectively 92.3% and 92.5%). Postoperative complications were instead significantly less in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: For patients affected by differentiated thyroid carcinoma at early stages it is suggested to perform a partial thyroidectomy since, compared to total thyroidectomy, a similar survival rate and a lower incidence of postoperative complications are obtained. According to personal opinion, total thyroidectomy should be performed in cases of thyroid carcinoma with vascular involvement and metastases.