微环境诱导肝细胞癌多药耐药的形成及机制

目的探讨微环境在肝癌多药耐药（MDR）表型形成中的作用，并初探其作用机制，为逆转肝癌耐药提供有效的新的分子靶点。方法模拟肝癌体内生长的局部微环境，使HepG2细胞分别在缺氧、低糖的微环境下生长或稳定整合HBX基因。应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术和Westernblot技术分别检测这些局部微环境因素作用下的HepG2细胞内多药耐药相关基因mdr1、肺耐药相关蛋白基因（LRP）、多药耐药相关蛋白基因（MRP1）和缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。同时运用免疫细胞化学技术检测肝癌耐药细胞株中HIF-1α蛋白的表达。以及检测转染了HIF-1α质粒的HepG2细胞中上述相关多药耐药基因的表达。结果在缺氧、低糖环境下生长或稳定整合了HBX基因的HepG2细胞均不同程度地高表达多药耐药相关基因和HIF-1α；在肝癌耐药细胞株中HIF-1α蛋白高表达；稳定转染了HIF-1α质粒的HepG2细胞显著高表达多药耐药相关基因。结论肝癌生长的微环境可通过核转录因子HIF-1α调控多药耐药相关基因的表达。从而诱导肝癌多药耐药表型的形成；HIF-1α有望成为逆转肝癌耐药的新的分子靶点。     

缺氧诱导因子1a依赖性缺氧诱导人肝癌细胞多药耐药相关基因的表达及意义

目的探讨缺氧环境下人肝癌细胞中多药耐药相关基因和缺氧诱导因子1a(HIF-1a)的表达和意义，从而部分阐明肝细胞癌发生多药耐药的机制，为逆转肝癌耐药提供新的分子靶点。方法将人肝癌细胞系HepG2细胞分别行不同时间低氧培养和转染HIF-1a/PCDNA3质粒；应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术和蛋白免疫印迹技术分别检测每组HepG2细胞中多药耐药相关基因(mdr1)、多药耐药相关蛋白1(MRP1)和肺耐药相关蛋白(LRP)在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。结果在缺氧组，随着缺氧时间的延长HepG2细胞中多药耐药相关基因mdr1、MRP1和LRP的表达均逐渐增高，且以MRP1变化更为显著；而且这些多药耐药相关基因的表达升高与缺氧诱导因子-1a的表达呈同步化改变。在HIF-1a/PCDNA3质粒转染细胞中这些多药耐药相关基因的表达亦明显升高。结论缺氧可通过核转录因子HIF-1a上调肝癌细胞内mdr1，LRP、MRP1等多药耐药相关基因的表达，从而使肝细胞癌获得多药耐药性。生长局部微环境的缺氧是诱导肝癌产生多药耐药性的重要原因之一。核转录因子HIF-1a和这些多药耐药相关基因将可能成为逆转肝癌耐药的新的分子靶点。     

缺氧诱导因子1α依赖性缺氧诱导人肝癌细胞多药耐药相关基因的表达及意义

目的探讨缺氧环境下人肝癌细胞中多药耐药相关基因和缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF1α)的表达和意义,从而部分阐明肝细胞癌发生多药耐药的机制,为逆转肝癌耐药提供新的分子靶点。方法将人肝癌细胞系HepG2细胞分别行不同时间低氧培养和转染HIF1α/PCDNA3质粒;应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术和蛋白免疫印迹技术分别检测每组HepG2细胞中多药耐药相关基因(mdr1)、多药耐药相关蛋白1(MRP1)和肺耐药相关蛋白(LRP)在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。结果在缺氧组,随着缺氧时间的延长HepG2细胞中多药耐药相关基因mdr1、MRP1和LRP的表达均逐渐增高,且以MRP1变化更为显著;而且这些多药耐药相关基因的表达升高与缺氧诱导因子1α的表达呈同步化改变。在HIF1α/PCDNA3质粒转染细胞中这些多药耐药相关基因的表达亦明显升高。结论缺氧可通过核转录因子HIF1α上调肝癌细胞内mdr1,LRP、MRP1等多药耐药相关基因的表达,从而使肝细胞癌获得多药耐药性。生长局部微环境的缺氧是诱导肝癌产生多药耐药性的重要原因之一。核转录因子HIF1α和这些多药耐药相关基因将可能成为逆转肝癌耐药的新的分子靶点。     

沉默缺氧诱导因子-1α对肝癌细胞化疗敏感性影响及相关机理的研究

目的观察应用短发夹RNA（shRNA）沉默缺氧诱导因子（HIF）-1α对肝癌细胞化疗敏感性的影响并探讨其相关机理。方法脂质体包裹HIF-1ashRNA表达载体（pshRNA-HIF-1α）转染到肝癌细胞HepG2细胞中，G418筛选，建立稳定的HIF-1α沉默的细胞系，并以转染空白质粒（pHK）作对照。逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）检测沉默HIF-1α后HIF-1amRNA和多药耐药基因1（mdrl）mRNA变化；免疫印迹（Western blot）检测细胞HIF-1α及P-糖蛋白（Dgp）的变化。CoCl2模拟缺氧环境下，MTT和流式细胞术检测不同剂量的化疗药物（阿霉素）在HIF-1α沉默后对细胞生长抑制率和凋亡率的影响。结果pshRNA—HIF-1α转染细胞后HIF-1α干扰率在mRNA水平和蛋白水平分别为82．18％和75．51％。沉默HIF-1α后细胞mdrl mRNA和P-gp表达显著降低（P〈0．05），生长抑制率和凋亡率明显增高（P〈0．05）。结论shRNA沉默HepG2细胞HIF-1α可以通过下调mdrlmRNA和Dgp表达逆转肝癌化疗耐药，增强肝癌细胞对化疗的敏感性；可通过沉默HIF-1α作为肝癌基因治疗的一种新途径。     

缺氧诱导因子1α在肝癌细胞上皮-间充质化中的作用

目的:探讨缺氧诱导因子1 α(HIF-1 α)在肝癌上皮-间充质化(EMT)中的作用.方法:采用可调控HIF-1 α表达的肝癌HepG2Tet-on-HIF-1α细胞系,首先用real-time PCR与Western blot方法检测低氧环境中HepG2Tet-on-HIF-1α细胞EMT相关分子(E-cadherin,vimentin,FSP-1)及HIF-1 α的mRNA和蛋白表达水平,然后在常氧环境下,采用强力霉素(Dox)诱导HepG2Tet-on-HIF-1α细胞HIF-1 α过表达,以及HepG2Tet-on-HIF-1α细胞经Dox处理后再转染HIF-1αsiRNA,观察上述分子的表达情况.结果:低氧处理后,HepG2Tet-on-HIF-1α细胞EMT相关分子及HIF-1 α的mRNA和蛋白表达水平较常氧状态下均明显增加(均P＜0.05);常氧环境下,Dox能诱导HepG2Tet-on-HIF-1α细胞HIF-1 α过表达,同时明显增加EMT相关分子的mRNA和蛋白表达水平(均P＜0.05),但转染HIF-1αsiRNA后,Dox的诱导作用被取消.结论:HIF-1α促进HepG2细胞EMT,并可能是肝癌基因治疗的有效靶点.     

急性缺血缺氧诱导肝癌细胞自噬及其相关机制

目的:研究急性缺血/缺氧时肝癌细胞HepG2增殖率及自噬的变化,探讨自噬的作用及机制。方法 :以Western印迹法检测缺氧诱导因子-1(hypoxia induced factor-1,HIF-1)表达并确定体外模拟模型的可靠性;吖啶橙染色后采用荧光显微镜定性观察自噬;以自噬特异性蛋白LC3及P62(P62/SQSTM1)信号蛋白的变化表明自噬的诱导和可能的调控机制;以CCK8检测3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)抑制自噬前后急性缺血/缺氧下HepG2细胞的增殖率变化。结果:急性缺血/缺氧2 h后,HepG2细胞显著表达HIF-1α蛋白,表明体外急性缺血/缺氧模型的可靠性。急性缺血/缺氧可快速诱导肝癌细胞HepG2产生自噬,继而出现HepG2细胞显著增殖活跃;3-MA抑制自噬后,可特异性抑制急性缺血/缺氧所诱导的HepG2细胞增殖;急性缺血/缺氧条件下HepG2细胞P62信号蛋白表达显著下调,自噬抑制后逐渐恢复正常表达水平。结论:自噬在肝癌体外急性缺血/缺氧过程中对肿瘤起到保护作用,其机制可能与P62蛋白的清除有关;抑制自噬可显著降低肝癌细胞增殖率。自噬可能成为肝癌治疗的新靶点。     

脂质过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α在人肝癌多药耐药中的作用

目的研究脂质过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（peroxisome proliferator-activated receptord，PPARct）在人肝癌多药耐药中的作用机制。方法利用透射电镜观察人肝癌多药耐药（multidrug resistance，MDR）细胞HepG2／ADM及其亲本细胞HepG2的超微结构；荧光定量PCR技术检测PPARαmRNA在两种细胞系中的表达水平；免疫印记法检测PPARα蛋白的在两种细胞中的表达情况。结果人肝癌多药耐药细胞与其亲本细胞相比，耐药细胞的核膜上绒毛样突起增多，胞浆内有大量空泡，粗面内质网增多；HepG2／ADM细胞的PPARαmRNA表达和蛋白表达均有下降。结论PPARα与HepG2／ADM细胞的MDR现象有关，PPARα表达下调可能是肿瘤细胞MDR形成的机制之一。     

肝癌多药耐药产生与低糖环境的关系

目的探讨局部微环境低糖与肝细胞癌多药耐药性(MDR)产生的关系及影响机制。方法低糖培养HepG2细胞,应用流式细胞术Annexin V/PI法检测低糖培养的细胞在化疗药物5-氟脲嘧啶(5-Fu)作用后的凋亡情况,分别应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术和Western blot技术检测低糖培养后HepG2细胞内多药耐药相关基因mdr1、MRP1、LRP的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。结果在低糖环境下生长时间越长的HepG2细胞对5-Fu的抵抗越强,而且随着低糖培养时间的增加,5-Fu诱导的HepG2细胞的凋亡高峰延迟。低糖培养的HepG2细胞内多药耐药相关基因mdr1、MRP1、LRP在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达随低糖培养时间的延长而升高,以LRP的改变最为显著。结论肝癌生长微环境葡萄糖耐量不足也是肝癌产生MDR的原因之一。低糖可通过上调一组多药耐药相关基因的表达而诱导肝癌的多药耐药性。     

肿瘤坏死因子α对人肝癌多药耐药逆转作用的实验研究

目的研究肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）对体外培养的人肝癌耐阿霉素细胞系（HepG2／ADM）多药耐药现象的逆转作用。方法不同浓度（100、500及2500U／ml）TNF-α作用于HepG2／ADM细胞72h后进行以下试验：用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术检测各组多药耐药相关基因（MDR1）及脂质过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（PPAR-α）基因的mRNA表达情况;用罗丹明外排法检测各组P-糖蛋白活性;用Annexin V检测0．5mg／L阿霉素诱导的各组细胞凋亡情况;利用MTF法检测各组耐药性的改变。结果TNF-α能诱导HepG2／ADM细胞的MDR1基因表达下调,PPAR-α基因表达上调,且能增加阿霉素诱导的凋亡细胞的比例及细胞毒作用。结论TNF-α可能分别通过抑制MDR1表达及促进PPAR-α表达而逆转HepG2／ADM细胞的耐药性。     

金雀异黄素在甲状旁腺激素诱导的人近曲小管上皮细胞结缔组织生长因子表达中的调控作用

目的 探讨金雀异黄素（Gen）对甲状旁腺激素（PTH）引起的人近曲小管上皮细胞分泌结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）的调控作用。 方法 应用实时定量-聚合酶链反应（real time-PCR）、Western蛋白印迹、报告基因等技术,观察Gen对PTH诱导人近端肾小管上皮细胞系HK-2细胞CTGF表达的影响。使用MAPK通路抑制剂U0126阻断信号通路以明确Gen发挥作用的机制。 结果 HK-2细胞有基础量的CTGF mRNA和蛋白表达,PTH刺激后其表达量显著增加（P ＜ 0.05）。10-10 mol/L PTH作用12 h后,荧光素酶活性较对照组明显升高（1.8884±0.0780比0.9891±0.0300,P ＜ 0.01）。Gen剂量依赖性下调PTH诱导的HK-2细胞CTGF表达。正常HK-2细胞有少量磷酸化（p）ERK1/2表达,PTH刺激后p-ERK1/2表达明显升高,以10-10 mol/L PTH作用30 min时效应最强。U0126作用后,CTGF mRNA、蛋白表达均明显下降（P ＜ 0.05）。Gen抑制PTH所致的HK-2细胞ERK1/2活化。 结论 Gen可通过阻断MAPK信号通路抑制PTH诱导的HK-2细胞CTGF表达。     

Multiple anticancer effects of blocking MEK-ERK signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with increased expression and activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling intermediates (ie, MEK, ERK). STUDY DESIGN: We determined the effects of MEK-ERK signaling on proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and tumorigenicity of HCC in vitro. HCC cell lines were treated with MEK enzyme-specific inhibitors, PD098059 and U0126, and ERK1,2 oligonucleotide antisense. RESULTS: In the HCC cells examined, MEK inhibitors blocked ERK1,2 phosphorylation without a change in total ERK expression. ERK1,2 oligonucleotide antisense inhibited ERK1,2 protein expression. PD098059, U0126, and ERK1,2 oligonucleotide antisense each inhibited HCC cellular proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell cycle, apoptosis, and tumorigenicity were examined in Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines. MEK enzyme inhibition resulted in anticancer effects through cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis, and decreased tumorigenicity in these cell lines. U0126 exhibited more potent inhibition of ERK1,2 phosphorylation and had more pronounced anticancer effects in both cell lines. Correspondingly, HepG2 cells, the cell line more sensitive to ERK1,2 phosphorylation inhibition, sustained more pronounced anticancer effects with treatment. But Hep3B cells were more sensitive to ERK1,2 antisense-mediated decreases in ERK1,2 protein expression and correspondingly, their growth was inhibited to a greater degree than the HepG2 cells. MEK enzyme inhibition had downstream effects on the expression of the antiapoptotic protein survivin in both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that there are multiple anticancer effects of blocking MEK-ERK signaling, and that these depend on both the susceptibility of the cells and the ability of the treatment to effect a selective block of MEK-ERK signaling in HCC cells.     

应激激素肾上腺素激活ERK1/2促进人肝癌细胞生长

目的 探讨应激激素肾上腺素(EPI)对人肝癌细胞生长的影响及其作用机制.方法 采用噻唑蓝(MTT)、逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和Western blot等方法,分析EPI对人肝癌HepG2和MHCC97H细胞生长的影响,与α1-/β2-肾上腺素受体(α1-/β2-ARs)、腺苷环化酶/蛋白激酶A(AC/PKA)、促分裂原活化蛋白激酶/细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(MAPK/ERK1/2)和磷脂酸激醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT/PKB)的关系.结果癌细胞增殖与EPI的作用呈剂量和时间依赖关系(P<0.05),10μmol/L EPI作用24～48 h时其增殖能力最强[HepG2/(215±4)%和MHCC97H/(207±10)%],而正常肝细胞L-02的变化不明显(P>0.05).在HepG2和MHCC97H细胞中,α1-AR蛋白表达仅为L-02的30%和34%,而β2-AR蛋白表达上升至331%和309%.β2-AR阻滞剂ICI 118551可抑制EPI的促增殖作用.β-AR激动剂异丙肾上腺素(ISO,10μmol/L)具有类似EPI的促进增殖作用,其作用可分别被ICI118551和MEK抑制剂U0126显著抑制,被PKA抑制剂H-89和PI3K抑制剂LY294002部分抑制.ISO孵育15 min～8 h,在HepG2中p-ERK1/2蛋白水平上升3.49/3.02倍,在MHCC97H中上升3.15/2.73倍,该作用可被ICI 118551和U0126所阻断.结论 人肝癌HepG2和MHCC97H细胞过表达β2-AR,EPI通过β2-AR激活ERK1/2依赖性和非依赖性信号通路促进癌细胞的生长,其中MAPK/ERK1/2信号通路可能起主要作用.     

乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白上调肝癌多药耐药相关基因表达的研究

目的　研究乙型肝炎病毒 X蛋白 (HBX)对肝癌耐药相关基因 MDRI,MRP1 ,MRP2 3,MRP3,L RP的影响从而探讨 HBX基因影响肝癌多药耐药性状的分子机制。方法　应用脂质体介导技术对人肝癌细胞株 Hep G2瞬时转染 HBX基因 ,然后用逆转录 -聚合酶链反应 (RT- PCR)和 Westernblot技术分别检测转染后多药耐药相关基因和蛋白水平的表达情况。再使用 MTT检测阿霉素及丝裂霉素诱导后细胞存活率的变化。结果　转染前后相比 ,转染 HBX基因的 Hep G2细胞多药耐药相关基因和蛋白表达水平比转染前均明显上调 (P<0 .0 5 )转染后 PRP1基因表达量与转染前比为 3.1 1 ,PRP2为 1 .6 9,L RP3为 1 .4 6 ,MDR1为 3.6 4 ,L RP为 1 .90。 Westernblot显示转染后 L DR1蛋白水平上升 1 .1 0倍 ,MRP1蛋白上升 1 .2 8倍 ,L RP蛋白上升 1 .0 8倍。MTT结果显示阿霉素和丝裂霉素 IC50 转染组明显高于对照组。结论　乙型肝炎病毒 X蛋白可能促进肝癌多药耐药的产生     

Downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and attenuation of edema via inhibition of ERK mitogen activated protein kinase in traumatic brain injury

Emerging data suggest that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of brain injury. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in vivo remain unclear. In this study, we focus on a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway that may trigger MMP-9 after traumatic brain injury. We aim to show that inhibition of the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) would attenuate MMP-9 levels, reduce blood-brain barrier damage, and attenuate edema after trauma induced by controlled cortical impact in mouse brain. Western blots showed that phospho-ERK was rapidly upregulated after trauma. Treatment with U0126, which inhibits MEK, the kinase upstream of ERK, effectively prevented the activation of ERK. After trauma, gelatin zymography showed an increase in MMP-9. U0126 significantly reduced trauma-induced MMP-9 levels. Correspondingly, U0126 ameliorated the degradation of the tight junction protein ZO-1, which is an MMP-9 substrate, and significantly attenuated tissue edema. At 7 days after trauma, traumatic lesion volumes were significantly reduced by U0126 compared with saline-treated controls. These data indicate that the ERK MAPK pathway triggers the upregulation in MMP-9 after trauma, and further suggest that targeting the upstream signaling mechanisms that regulate deleterious MMP-9 activity may reveal new therapeutic opportunities for traumatic brain injury.     

Modulation of renal epithelial barrier function by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): mechanism of cyclosporine A-induced increase in transepithelial resistance

BACKGROUND: Cyclosporine A (CsA) has been shown to increase transepithelial resistance in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and the mechanism may involve altered phosphorylation of junctional proteins. In this study, we examine the effect of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways on the basal transepithelial resistance (TER) and on the CsA-induced increase in TER across MDCK monolayers. Here we present evidence that CsA may be mediating some of its effects through activation of the ERK 1/2 MAPK pathway. METHODS: MDCK cells were treated with CsA (4.2 micromol/L) and paracellular permeability was assessed by measuring TER. The role of the ERK 1/2 and the p38 MAPK pathways in modulating TER was investigated using the inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 for ERK 1/2 and SB203580 for p38. ERK 1/2 and p38 phosphorylation/activation was also examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: CsA (4.2 micromol/L) increased the TER of MDCK monolayers. The ERK 1/2 inhibitor PD98059 decreased basal TER and also ameliorated the CsA-induced increase in TER. Similar results were found with the U0126 inhibitor of ERK 1/2. The p38 inhibitor SB203580 had no effect on the basal TER of the monolayers, however, SB203580 significantly augmented the CsA-induced increase in TER. CsA was shown to significantly activate ERK 1/2 and this activation by CsA was prevented by PD98059. Inhibition of the p38 pathway by SB203580 also resulted in activation of ERK 1/2 and this activation of ERK 1/2 was further enhanced by CsA. No effect of CsA or the inhibitors PD98059 or SB203580 on p38 phosphorylation was detected. CONCLUSION: The results presented here suggest that activation of the ERK 1/2 MAPK cascade is important in the regulation of the paracellular permeability in MDCK cells. Activation of this pathway appears to be pivotal to the CsA-induced increase in TER.     

MicroRNA-155对甲状腺乳头状癌细胞生物学行为的作用及机制研究

目的探讨miR-155在甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)细胞生长、侵袭与转移过程中的作用及可能的作用机制。方法构建人的miR-155类似物并体外转染PTC BCPAP细胞,通过CCK8及transwell试验观察细胞增殖及侵袭能力的变化。miR-155类似物体外转染BCPAP细胞并用Western blot方法检测MAPK通路相关蛋白本底及磷酸化表达。给予ERK通路抑制剂U0126观察能否逆转miR-155过表达造成的甲状腺癌细胞异常增殖及侵袭能力增强。结果过表达miR-15548 h后通过CCK8试验检测发现BCPAP细胞明显增殖,过表达miR-15524h、48 h后通过transwell试验发现甲状腺癌细胞侵袭能力明显增强(P<0.05);利用Western blot检测MAPK信号通路相关蛋白JNK、ERK、P38的表达均明显上调(P<0.05)。同时检测细胞内p-ERK蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),利用ERK通路抑制剂U0126与miR-155共同处理细胞发现p-ERK表达较miR-155组明显降低(P<0.05)。同时,我们检测各组细胞的增殖及侵袭情况,发现U0126能逆转miR-155造成的促增殖及促侵袭作用。结论miR-155能通过激活MAPK通路的ERK通路,进而促进PTC BCPAP细胞的增殖以侵袭能力,为治疗甲状腺癌提供了潜在的靶点。     

人肝癌多药耐药细胞模型的建立

为研究肝癌ＭＤＲ机制,采用５种抗癌药物通过不同的诱导方式建立一组人肝涪ＭＤＲ细胞模型。对其耐药机理的研究结果表明,ＳＭＭＣ７７２１／ＤＯＸ亚系由ｍｄｒ１基因介导耐药,ＳＭＭＣ７７２１／ＶＣＲ亚系由ＭＲＰ基因介导耐药,ＳＭＭＣ７７２１／ＣＢＰ亚系由ＬＰＲ基因介导耐药,ＳＭＭＣ７７２１／ＶＰ１６亚系由ＴｏｐｏⅡα基因介导耐药,ＳＭＭＣ７７２１／ＭＭＣ亚系由ＧＳＴｐ１基因介导耐药,多重ＭＤＲ亚系ＳＭＭＣ     

Proteomic analysis of neuroblastoma subtypes in response to mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition: profiling multiple targets of cancer kinase signaling

INTRODUCTION: Survival for high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) remains poor despite aggressive therapy. Novel therapies are vital for improving prognosis. We previously showed differential NB subtype sensitivity to p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway inhibition. In this study, we investigated proteomic changes associated with resistance or sensitivity to MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibition in NB subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SH-SY5Y (N-type), BE(2)-C (I-type), and SK-N-AS (S-type) were treated with MEK inhibitor U0126 (10 microM) for 1 and 24 h. Proteins were extracted from untreated and treated cells and analyzed for differential expression by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Selected polypeptides were extracted from the gel and identified by liquid chromatography-linked tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS: We identified 15 proteins that were decreased by 2.5-fold between untreated and 1 h treated cells and subsequently up-regulated 5-fold after 24 h drug treatment. N-type NB (MEK-resistant) showed the least altered proteomic profile whereas the I-type (MEK-sensitive) and S-type NB (MEK-intermediate) generated significant protein changes. The majority of proteins identified were induced by stress. CONCLUSIONS: Protein differences exist between MEK inhibitor-treated NB subtypes. Identified polypeptides all have roles in mediating cellular stress. These data suggest that inhibition of the ERK/MAPK in NB subtypes leads to an intracellular stress response. The most resistant NB cell line to MEK inhibitor treatment generated the least protective protein profile, whereas the intermediate and most sensitive NB cells produced the most stress response. These findings suggest stress related protein expression may be targeted in assessing a response to ERK/MAPK therapeutics.     

人肝癌HepG2多药耐药细胞系的部分生物学性状研究

目的　研究人肝癌多药耐药 (MDR)的机制 ,建立HepG2多药耐药细胞系并研究其部分生物学性状。方法　应用HepG2细胞系 ,通过培养液中阿霉素 (ADM )的浓度梯度增加法 ,得到肝癌多药耐药株HepG2 /ADM。Westernblot增强化学发光法 (ECL)检测细胞株表面多药耐药基因(MDR1)的表达产物P 糖蛋白 (P 170 )、多药耐药相关蛋白 (MRP)及肺耐药蛋白 (LRP)的表达水平。结果　耐药细胞的倍增时间延长 2 .0 5倍。该耐药模型的P 170表达水平较亲本细胞升高3 .90倍 (P <0 .0 1) ,但MRP及LRP无明显变化。结论　HepG2 /ADM同其亲本细胞相比 ,其耐药性、倍增时间有明显改变 ;多药耐药性主要与MDR1的高表达有关。