球囊辅助瘤颈重塑形栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目的评价应用球囊辅助瘤颈重塑形栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的效果。方法 11例颅内宽颈动脉瘤(瘤颈≥4mm或瘤颈与瘤体比≥1/2)患者,采用球囊辅助瘤颈重塑形技术结合电解脱弹簧圈(GDC)进行栓塞治疗。术后随访0.5～1a。结果 11例宽颈动脉瘤均应用球囊辅助瘤颈重塑形技术或球囊保护对动脉瘤进行了成功栓塞。7例患者经临床随访行脑血管DSA或CTA复查,无动脉瘤复发。结论球囊辅助瘤颈重塑形栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤是一种安全、有效的方法。     

支架半释放技术在颅内动脉瘤栓塞术中的应用

在宽颈的颅内动脉瘤和夹层动脉瘤中,支架辅助技术的应用提高了治疗效果.但在某些瘤颈较宽的动脉瘤和夹层动脉瘤治疗中支架完全释放后再采用微弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤,可能遇到支架移位、微弹簧圈填塞不全等问题.我们采用支架半释放技术,以期提高手术的安全性和疗效.     

NeuroformⅡ支架联合MatrixⅡ弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的初步经验

目的探讨NeuroformⅡ支架植入联合MatrixⅡ弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的疗效、技术要点、安全性及并发症防治。方法诊断为颅内宽颈动脉瘤的病人11例,其中大脑前动脉瘤2例,后交通动脉瘤4例,眼动脉瘤1例,大脑中动脉瘤2例,椎基底动脉瘤2例。7例先行NeuroformⅡ支架瘤颈成形,将微导管通过支架网眼置入动脉瘤内,填塞弹簧圈;4例先置入微导管于动脉瘤内,再释放支架后栓塞,术后3~6个月随访。结果所有病例栓塞操作均顺利完成,无手术并发症;其中致密填塞8例,部分致密填塞3例,术后病人均恢复良好,4例短期随访无再出血及血栓栓塞症状发生。结论NeuroformⅡ支架联合MatrixⅡ弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效。     

支架结合电解可脱弹簧圈治疗宽颈后交通动脉瘤的初步体会

目的 总结血管内支架结合电解可脱弹簧圈(Guglielmi detachable coil,GDC)治疗宽颈后交通动脉瘤的临床体会。方法 32例宽颈后交通动脉瘤,均先植入冠脉支架覆盖动脉瘤颈,再将微导管通过支架网孔超选进入动脉瘤腔,填塞GDC。结果 32例患者,动脉瘤完全填塞26例,90％以上填塞4例,60～70％填塞2例。所有载瘤动脉通畅,临床效果优良。结论 血管内支架结合GDC是治疗宽颈后交通动脉瘤的有效方法,长期疗效有待进一步随访。     

不可脱球囊辅助瘤颈成型栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的探讨不可脱球囊辅助瘤颈成型技术在颅内动脉瘤栓塞治疗中的意义。方法应用该技术栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤12例,其中前循环动脉瘤9例,后循环动脉瘤3例。宽颈型10例,非宽颈型2例。结果本组完全栓塞10例,90%以上栓塞1例,90%以下栓塞1例。术中动脉瘤破裂1例,血栓形成1例,脑血管痉挛4例。1年后复查,90%以下栓塞的1例宽颈型颅内动脉瘤患者复发。平均随访18个月,除1例Ⅳ级患者轻度智力减退,语言欠流畅外,其余患者均无神经损害症状。结论球囊辅助瘤颈成型技术能明显提高动脉瘤栓塞的致密程度,降低复发率,提高栓塞治疗的安全性和治疗效果。     

LEO支架结合微弹簧圈栓塞治疗宽颈动脉瘤2例报道

颅内宽颈动脉瘤一直是血管内治疗的难点问题，但随着Remodeling技术又称载瘤动脉球囊再塑型技术和各种支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术逐渐应用于临床，为颅内宽颌动脉瘤的治疗提供了一项较为理想的治疗方法。本文报道应用新型可伸缩的自膨式支架（LEO）辅助微弹簧圈栓塞治疗2例宽颈动脉瘤的初步体会并结合文献进行复习。     

支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞在急诊栓塞颅内宽颈微小动脉瘤破裂中的应用

目的探讨支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞在治疗急诊治疗颅内破裂宽颈微小动脉瘤(最大径≤3mm)中的操作技巧及临床疗效。方法回顾急诊支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的7例颅内破裂宽颈微小动脉瘤患者资料,分析治疗方法、疗效、并发症、预后及6~12个月随访结果,评价支架技术的安全性、有效性及操作技巧。结果术后即刻造影显示,完全栓塞5例,次全栓塞1例,单纯植入支架1例;未发生破裂出血及血栓栓塞事件。术后3个月改良式格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)结果显示,6例恢复正常,1例恢复良好。6~12个月随访未发现动脉瘤再破裂出血。结论支架辅助弹簧圈急诊栓塞治疗颅内破裂宽颈微小动脉瘤安全有效。     

双微导管技术在颅内动脉瘤栓塞中的应用研究

目的研究双微导管技术的可行性及临床疗效。方法10例颈／体比小于1／2的颅内动脉瘤病例，H—H分级3级以下7例，4级以上3例。采用双微导管技术行血管内栓塞治疗。结果10枚动脉瘤采用双微导管技术均获得成功，动脉瘤内微弹簧圈填塞率26％～42％，复查造影见动脉瘤完全闭塞6例，闭塞90％以上3例，1例见瘤颈有残留。双微导管技术具有操作简便、并发症少、手术适应证广的优势。结论双微导管技术可以成功地栓塞颈／体比小于1／2宽颈动脉瘤。     

Enterprise支架在颅内动脉瘤治疗中的应用

目的评价Enterprise支架在颅内动脉瘤治疗中的应用价值及安全性。方法 2008年12月～2011年3月应用Enterprise支架(美国Codman公司)治疗颅内动脉瘤21例,其中宽颈动脉瘤19例,梭形动脉瘤2例。在微导丝引导下,将支架输送导管送至动脉瘤颈以远,通过输送导管将支架引至动脉瘤处释放支架覆盖动脉瘤颈,行弹簧圈栓塞术。结果采用单纯支架置入技术2例,支架先释放技术5例,支架后释放技术14例。21例22枚支架置入顺利,全部成功释放,位置良好。术后即刻血管造影显示动脉瘤致密性栓塞13例,大部栓塞6例,单纯支架置入的2例微小动脉瘤见瘤腔内造影剂滞留。除1例驼背病人术后1周并发肺部感染死亡外,余20例随访1～6个月无临床症状加重,未发生脑再出血或新发梗死;11例术后6～12个月行DSA,2例动脉瘤瘤颈有残留,未见支架移位和支架内狭窄。结论 Enterprise支架操作简便,易通过血管弯曲处并准确释放,为颅内动脉瘤提供了较为安全有效的治疗方法。     

支架或球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术对颈内动脉宽颈后交通动脉瘤的疗效

目的评估支架或球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术对颈内动脉宽颈后交通动脉瘤的治疗效果和安全性。方法回顾性分析接受支架或球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞的47例颈内动脉宽颈后交通动脉瘤患者,其中31例采用支架辅助治疗,16例采用球囊辅助治疗。治疗后随访6~36个月,分析患者的术后造影、并发症及临床情况。结果 47例中,采用支架或球囊两种辅助治疗方法相关并发症发生率分别为9.68%(3/31)和6.25%(1/16);手术后即刻造影显示完全栓塞率分别为58.06%(18/31)和68.75%(11/16)。31例支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞病例中随访造影18例,均无动脉瘤复发;16例球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞病例中随访造影10例,其中3例复发。结论支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术和球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术是颈内动脉宽颈后交通动脉瘤安全有效的治疗方法。支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术能够显著降低颈内动脉宽颈后交通动脉瘤的复发率,但有增加缺血事件的风险。球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术的手术操作相关并发症低,术后完全栓塞率高,但复发率也相对较高。     

The remodeling technique of balloon-assisted Guglielmi detachable coil placement in wide-necked aneurysms: experience at the University of Illinois at Chicago

OBJECT: Reports in the literature have offered discussions of the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of balloon-assisted Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) placement in wide-necked intracranial aneurysms, which was first described by Jacques Moret as the "remodeling technique." In this article the authors summarize their results in a subset of aneurysms treated with GDCs using the remodeling technique. METHODS: This report contains a retrospective analysis of 72 patients with 75 aneurysms who underwent 79 endovascular procedures performed using the remodeling technique. Morphological outcome was determined at the end of each procedure and by reviewing available follow-up angiograms. Clinical assessments and outcomes are reported using a modified Glasgow Outcome Scale. Coils were placed in 66 (88%) of 75 aneurysms selected for treatment. In eight aneurysms (11%) treatment failures occurred due to the tortuosity of the vessel used to reach the aneurysms or because of balloon inadequacies. Incorporating all available follow-up data the authors found that 50 (78%) of 64 aneurysms were completely or subtotally (> 95%) occluded and eight (12%) of 64 were incompletely (< 95%) occluded. Since the time of coil placement, eight aneurysms have progressed to complete occlusion and another five have exhibited progressive thrombosis on follow-up angiograms. In three aneurysms there has been neck remnant growth. Surgical clipping was performed to treat six aneurysms after an initial coil placement procedure. Permanent incidences of morbidity were limited to four patients and there were three deaths directly related to the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The remodeling technique shows promise in increasing the number of cerebral aneurysms amenable to treatment by endovascular coil placement, and offers an alternative approach to aneurysms that have met with failed surgical treatment or are surgically inaccessible. Long-term follow-up review is needed to determine the final outcome of aneurysms treated by this technique.     

Coil embolization with a hyperform occlusion balloon for an acutely ruptured wide-necked basilar tip aneurysm: case report

A 54-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of severe headache. CT scan demonstrated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and cerebral angiography revealed a wide-necked basilar tip aneurysm with a bleb and a small basilar artery-left superior cerebellar artery aneurysm. She was treated with coil embolization using a neck remodeling technique one day after SAH. Guiding catheters were introduced into the bilateral vertebral artery via the transfemoral route. A Hyperform occlusion balloon catheter was introduced into the left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) through the left vertebral artery, and was placed at the neck of the basilar tip aneurysm for neck remodeling. Then, the microcatheter for coil deployment was placed in the dome of the aneurysm through the right vertebral artery. The coil was deployed in the aneurysm while the balloon was inflated across the neck. The inflated Hyperform occlusion balloon was partially herniated into the dome of the aneurysm. The distal part of the balloon was positioned in the left PCA segment, and its proximal part was positioned in the basilar artery. The balloon conformed easily to the aneurysmal neck and its surrounding vessel structure. When the balloon was deflated, the coil did not protrude into the parent artery, and was stable in the aneurysm. Angiography immediately after the procedure showed complete occlusion of the aneurysm with patency of both PCAs. The Hyperform occlusion balloon is very compliant and supple, so it easily changes from its cylindrical shape when inflated to expand into the origin of the arterial branches emerging from the aneurysm neck. We think this balloon is a useful device for treating wide-necked aneurysms located at arterial bifurcation.     

Stent-assisted Gugliemi detachable coil repair of wide-necked renal artery aneurysm using 3-D angiography

PURPOSE: To report a wide-necked renal artery aneurysm treated successfully with stent-assisted Gugliemi detachable coil occlusion, assisted by three-dimensional (3-D) angiography. CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old woman with history of hypertension presented with a 2.5-cm wide-necked saccular aneurysm involving her distal right renal artery. A balloon-expandable stent was positioned across the neck of the aneurysm and multiple Gugliemi detachable coils were deployed through a microcatheter inserted through the interstices of the stent into the aneurysm sac, guided by 3-D angiography. Follow-up 3-D angiography at 6 months revealed a patent renal artery with continued exclusion of the aneurysm and preservation of renal blood flow. CONCLUSION: Stent-assisted coil occlusion assisted by 3-D angiography is a potential renal-sparing endovascular approach to treating wide-necked renal artery aneurysms with complex vascular anatomy.     

Techniques of coiling cerebral aneurysms

BACKGROUND: More than 200 aneurysms have been coiled at the UIC Medical Center within the last 5 years. We describe in detail the technical factors that increase the chance of complete occlusion of a cerebral aneurysm with coils. Aneurysms selected for coiling have good geometry or are in a location that is difficult to reach surgically. Patients with medical conditions that preclude surgical treatment may also undergo coiling. METHODS: Patients with aneurysms, either ruptured or unruptured, are treated under general anesthesia, fully anticoagulated and deeply paralyzed. Coiling is done under simultaneous biplane roadmapping. After the first coil has created a mesh, the aneurysm is densely packed with soft coils of decreasing diameter, until no more coils can be deployed into the aneurysm. RESULTS: The morbidity and mortality rates associated with the coiling procedure have continuously decreased over the last 5 years. The morphological outcomes have improved, due to extensive use of the remodeling technique and to advancements in materials, such as refinements in the coils themselves or the availability of over-the-wire balloon catheters in different sizes and hydrophilic wires with complex tip configurations. Twenty-one percent of the aneurysms were considered to be incompletely occluded immediately after coiling. Of this group, one-third of the aneurysms were found to be completely occluded on follow-up angiograms by 6 months; these have remained occluded. One-third were more than 95% occluded after the coiling procedure; in these patients, the dome was completely occluded, but there was a small neck remnant, which has remained stable in all patients on control angiograms obtained at 6 months and 1, 2, and 4 years; none have rebled. These patients are followed medically. The remaining one-third of the aneurysms in this subgroup were less than 95% occluded, although the dome was completely thrombosed. None of them have rebled, but the neck remnant in most has regrown over a period ranging from 6 months to 2 years. These patients have undergone a second treatment-either surgical clipping, permanent occlusion of the parent vessel, or repeat coiling using the remodeling technique. The overall rebleeding rate of incompletely occluded aneurysms is extremely low (less than 1%). CONCLUSION: The low morbidity and mortality rates and the good morphological outcome obtained in most cases make coiling a reasonable alternative to surgical clipping in properly selected cases.     

Various techniques of stent-assisted coil embolization of wide-necked or fusiform artherosclerotic and dissecting unruptured vertebrobasilar artery aneurysms for reducing recanalization: mid-term results

Background

Coil embolization of wide-necked or fusiform vertebrobasilar aneurysms is challenging and tends to involve frequent recanalization.

Purpose

The aim of our study was to evaluate complications and mid-term outcomes of complex vertebrobasilar artery aneurysms after stent-assisted coiling with various techniques.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 28 cases of unruptured vertebrobasilar aneurysm treated by stent-assisted coiling.

Results

Forty-four of the 45 stents placed in 28 patients were deployed at the desired location (97.8 %). Single stent-assisted coiling was performed in 14 aneurysms, a stent-within-a-stent (SWS) technique was used in 12 aneurysms, and Y-stent-assisted coiling was employed in four basilar tip aneurysms. Two basilar tip aneurysms treated by single stent-assisted coiling recurred and were retreated by SWS and Y-stent-assisted coiling. Complete embolization was achieved in 19 aneurysms (67.8 %), and remnant neck persisted in eight aneurysms (28.6 %) and remnant aneurysm was noted in one aneurysm (3.6 %). Permanent neurologic deficit (Modified Rankin Scale 1 and 4) was noted in two patients (7.1 %). Angiographic follow-up (mean follow-up period: 20.8 months) was performed in 20 patients. Major recanalization occurred in two basilar tip aneurysms (10 %) and minor compaction was noted in one superior cerebellar artery aneurysm. The remaining 17 aneurysms were stable or improved (85 %).

Conclusions

Complex vertebrobasilar aneurysm embolization with stent-assisted techniques was effective and feasible as a method for reducing recanalization during midterm angiographic follow-up. Large and wide-necked basilar tip aneurysms showed frequent major recanalization, and compact packing with single or Y-stent-assisted coiling is needed to prevent recanalization even if coiling will be done without stenting.     

Endovascular occlusion of wide-necked aneurysms with a new intracranial microstent (Neuroform) and detachable coils

OBJECTIVE: The long-term durability of the endovascular occlusion of cerebral aneurysms is one of the major factors limiting the more widespread use of this technique. Long-term occlusion of wide-necked aneurysms has improved with new assistive devices that seem to improve aneurysm occlusion while protecting the parent vessel. We report the use of a new intracranial stent--the Neuroform microstent--in the treatment of patients with wide-necked cerebral aneurysms. METHODS: Patients identified as harboring wide-necked intracranial aneurysms were evaluated for stent-assisted coiling. After appropriate anticoagulation was performed, depending on whether the aneurysm was ruptured or unruptured, the Neuroform stent was delivered across the neck of the aneurysm and deployed with a coil pusher. After stent placement, standard coil occlusion of the aneurysm was achieved in the majority of cases. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were identified as having wide-necked intracranial aneurysms suitable for stent-assisted coiling. A total of 49 aneurysms in 48 patients were treated with this procedure. In eight cases, stent deployment failed. Forty-one of the aneurysms were initially stented, followed by coil placement. Six aneurysms were stented only, and one aneurysm was initially coiled, followed by stent placement. There were five deaths (8.9%), one of which occurred secondary to a stroke after the procedure (1.8%). Four patients (7%) experienced thromboembolic events, three of which were considered to have been secondary to the procedure (5.3%). In addition, there were two femoral pseudoaneurysms. The overall complication rate was 10.7%. Five patients were available for follow-up angiographic evaluation, and their cases are discussed. CONCLUSION: Intracranial stenting may overcome important technical limitations in current endovascular therapy by improving the occlusion of wide-necked aneurysms while protecting the parent vessel.     

Single-center experience with the Neuroform stent for endovascular treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms

Background

Stent-assisted coiling is an accepted endovascular treatment (EVT) for wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. The Neuroform stent (Target Therapeutics, Fremont, Calif) is a flexible nitinol self-expandable stent that was designed to potentially overcome the limitations of balloon expandable coronary stents in the intracranial circulation. The aim of this study was to reenforce the use of this stent for EVT of wide-necked cerebral aneurysms.

Methods

Between March 2005 and March 2008, 24 patients harboring wide-necked cerebral aneurysms were treated with stent reconstruction of the aneurysm neck. Inclusion criteria restricted the group to adult patients with wide-necked intracranial aneurysms (ruptured and unruptured lesions). Immediate postprocedure angiography studies were performed to determine successful coil occlusion of the aneurysm as well as patency of the parent vessel. We assessed the clinical history, aneurysm dimensions, and technical detail of the procedures, including any difficulties with stent placement and deployment, degree of aneurysm occlusion, and complications. Clinical outcome was assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).

Results

The stent was easily navigated and precisely positioned in 24 of 26 cases. However, technical difficulties occurred in 9 patients, including difficulties in crossing the stents interstice in 6 cases, inadvertent stent delivery (n = 1), and incapacity of stent delivery (n = 1) and incapacity of crossing the neck (n = 1). These latter 2 cases were classified as failures of the stent-assisted technique. A single procedural complication occurred, involving transient nonocclusive intrastent thrombus formation, which was treated uneventfully with abciximab. Seventeen patients experienced excellent clinical outcomes (GOS 5), with good outcomes (GOS 4) in 5 patients and a poor outcome (GOS 3) in 2 patients. There were no treatment-related deaths or neurologic complications (mean clinical follow-up, 12 months). Angiographic results consisted of 17 complete occlusions, 4 neck remnants, and 3 incomplete occlusions.

Conclusions

The Neuroform stent is very useful for EVT of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms because it is easy to navigate and to deploy accurately. In most cases, the stent can be deployed precisely, even in very tortuous carotid siphons. Although in some cases delivery and deployment was challenging, clinically significant complications were not observed.     

Transluminal stent-assisted coil embolization of a vertebral confluence aneurysm: technique report

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in stent technology have allowed for negotiation of often tortuous posterior circulation intracranial vasculature. Stent-assisted coil embolization is a novel treatment for complex wide-necked aneurysms, as stents provide a buttress that allows for coil deposition while preventing coil herniation into the parent vessel lumen. We describe a case of stent-assisted coil embolization of a complex wide-necked vertebral confluence aneurysm. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 61-year-old woman presented with a Hunt-Hess III, Fisher Grade III subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured vertebral confluence aneurysm demonstrated on angiography. The patient underwent emergent angiography and attempted coiling of a vertebral confluence aneurysm. Because of the aneurysm's complex wide neck and the presence of subclavian steal syndrome, the coils repeatedly herniated into the left vertebral and basilar artery lumina. A flexible coronary stent was deployed across the aneurysm neck, preventing coil herniation and allowing for greater coil deposition. The patient tolerated the procedure and underwent repeat coiling 2 months postoperatively because of mild coil compaction. This resulted in 100% occlusion and the patient is neurologically normal except for a sixth nerve palsy which had been present after the hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Recent advances in stent technology allow negotiation of the tortuous posterior circulation vasculature. Stent-assisted coil embolization of complex, wide-necked vertebral confluence aneurysms may be an alternative intervention for these surgically challenging lesions.     

Endovascular treatment of asymptomatic cerebral aneurysms: anatomic and technical factors related to ischemic events and coil stabilization

The present study assessed the safety and efficacy of embolization using Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) in 100 asymptomatic cerebral aneurysms classified as sidewall (70) or terminal (30) aneurysms according to the parent artery (68 small aneurysms with a small neck, 21 small aneurysms with a wide neck, and 11 large aneurysms). A balloon-assisted technique was used in 49 aneurysms. Immediate angiography revealed that 71 aneurysms were completely obliterated. Transient deficits occurred in 19 patients, permanent deficits in four patients, and one patient died. Most complications occurred during or immediately after treatment and resolved within a few minutes to a few weeks. None of the surviving patients manifested significant morbidity at 1-year follow up. Follow-up angiographic study was performed in 79 aneurysms. Rates of recanalization and progressive thrombosis (total occlusion of the residual aneurysm at follow up) were 11% and 38%, respectively, in sidewall aneurysms, and 26% and 0%, respectively, in terminal aneurysms. Treatment with GDCs was effective for patients with small aneurysms with small necks, the morbidity was acceptable, and progressive thrombosis occurred during the follow-up period. GDC treatment achieved unsatisfactory results in patients with small terminal aneurysms with wide necks and in large aneurysms, because the obliteration rate was low, and the recanalization and complication rates were high. Multivariate analysis showed that complete occlusion was associated with small-necked aneurysms, and ischemic events tended to occur in terminal aneurysms and in aneurysms treated by the balloon-assisted technique.