膝关节假体设计对全膝关节置换术后膝关节屈曲度的影响

施行全膝关节置换术（totalknee arthroplasty，TKA）旨在使严重膝关节疾患者缓解疼痛并改善功能水平。在衡量TKA术后功能的众多因素中，关节活动度（range of motion，ROM）一直是一个须着重考虑的问题，同时也是绝大多数膝关节评分系统的重要组成部分。一般来说，TKA术后膝关节105°～110°的屈曲度即可以满足患者日常生活的需要，绝大多数文献报道的术后远期屈曲度也保持在100°～115°之间。[第一段]     

膝关节骨关节炎患者胫骨扭转角度的异常及临床意义

目的探讨合并内翻或外翻畸形的骨关节炎患者胫骨扭转异常的方向和程度，并研究胫骨扭转异常对人工膝关节置换手术的影响。方法以10个正常膝关节作为对照，对32位膝关节骨关节炎患者，共62侧下肢膝、踝关节进行旋转中立位CT扫描，分别测量胫骨近端前髁轴、胫骨横轴及胫骨后髁轴与双踝轴之间的角度。测量股骨内外上髁轴在胫骨结节层面的投射线中点与胫骨结节内1／3连线与股骨内外上髁轴线外侧夹角（TT角），股骨内外上髁轴在胫骨结节层面的投射线中点与胫骨结节内1／3连线与双踝轴垂线交角（TT-AA角）。结果正常人胫骨外向扭转角度平均约为25°，合并内翻畸形的膝关节骨关节炎患者胫骨外向扭转角明显降低，平均约为17°（P〈0．05），合并外翻畸形的膝关节胫骨外向扭转角度明显增大，平均约为32°（P〈0．05）；胫骨扭转角的近端参考轴线：胫骨前髁轴、横轴或后髁轴之间的差异没有统计学意义（P〉0．05）；无论内翻和外翻畸形，TT角较正常膝关节明显减小（P〈0．05），TT-AA角与正常膝关节相比没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论膝关节骨关节炎患者存在胫骨扭转异常，合并内翻畸形的膝关节胫骨外向扭转角度减少，而外翻畸形胫骨外向扭转角度增加；合并内翻和外翻畸形的膝关节胫骨结节内1／3相对于股骨远端均发生明显外旋，以胫骨结节内1／3作为胫骨假体旋转定位标记，将导致人工膝关节假体旋转对线不良。     

全膝关节置换术后的手法松解

背景：全膝关节置换术后初期对部分屈曲角度不能超过90°的患者可能须进行麻醉下的手法松解，以改善关节活动度。本目的是评价全膝置换术后手法松解的治疗效果。方法：90例患者（113膝）因术后平均10周时患膝屈曲角度≤90。而进行了手法松解。分别于全膝关节置换术之前、手术、手法松解前、手法松解后即刻以及术后6个月、1年、3年、5年以量角器测量膝关节的屈曲角度。黑：90例患者中81例（90％）在手法松解后膝关节屈曲角度获得改善。膝关节平均屈曲角度在全膝关节置换术前102°，中皮肤缝合后111°，手法松解前70°。术后5年随访时膝关节屈曲角度较手法松解前平均提高35°（p〈0．0001，配对t检）。术后12周之内进行手法松解的患者与术后12周之后进行手法松解的患者相比，平均屈膝角度的改善程度无显著差，最终仍进行手法松解的患者其术前膝关节协会疼痛评分明显低于未进行手法松解的患者（更痛，p=0．0027）。结论手法松解可以改善全膝关节置换术后膝关节屈曲角度。术前疼痛明显的患者术后更趋向于须手法松解。可信水平：治疗性研究，Ⅲ级。进一步可信度参见作者介绍。     

微创全膝关节置换术的早期临床疗效分析

目的比较不干扰股四头肌（QS）微创全膝置换术与标准全膝关节置换术的早期临床结果。方法2005年3月至2006年3月,采用QS微创全膝置换术完成26例单侧全膝关节置换术（QS组）,观察切口长度、手术时间、出血量、关节屈曲活动度,视觉模拟（VAS）疼痛评分、膝关节协会评分（KSS）、下肢胫股角和直腿抬高时间等,并与同期33例标准髌旁内侧入路TKA比较（标准组）。结果术后平均随访17个月（12～23个月）。平均切口长度QS组为（9．5±1．5）cm,标准组为（14．0±2．3）cm（P〈0．05）。止血带时间QS组为（83±16）min,标准组为（55±11）min（P〈0．05）。平均胫股角QS组为外翻（5．7±1．5）°,标准组为（6．0±1．4）°（P〉0．05）。VAS评分术后1、3和7dQS组明显低于标准组,术后6周VAS评分无差异。膝关节主动屈曲活动度术后1周QS组可达到（107±12）°,标准组为（95±11）°（P〈0．05）,术后6周和3个月组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,术后12个月平均屈曲度组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。直腿抬高术后1周QS组为23例（88％）,而标准组为21例（64％）（P〈0．05）。术后6周膝关节评分QS组为78±15,标准组为71±20（P〈0．05）。QS组1例出现有症状的深静脉血栓,标准组3例;QS组1例伤口愈合不良。所有病例未发现深部感染,神经血管损伤等并发症。结论采用QS微创全膝置换,术后疼痛轻,有利于早期伸膝功能和活动度的恢复,但手术技术要求高,应严格掌握手术适应证。     

膝关节骨关节炎患者胫骨前后轴的测量与临床意义

目的 测定健康人膝关节胫骨前后轴（anterioposterior axis,AP轴）的解剖学标志,比较膝关节骨关节炎患者合并内翻或外翻畸形的情况下,胫骨前后轴的位移趋势,并判断如果以胫骨结节内1/3作为旋转定位参考点情况下,胫骨假体相对于胫骨前后轴的旋转匹配程度.方法 选择32位膝关节骨关节炎患者,共62个膝关节进行膝关节旋转中立位CT扫描,并以10个正常膝关节作为对照,分别测量在胫骨平台层面及髌腱附着点层面,胫骨AP轴与髌腱交点内侧宽度平均比例;胫骨AP轴与PCL中点-髌腱内缘连线角度及其与PCL中点与髌腱内1/3连线之间的角度.结果 在髌腱附着点层面,正常膝关节胫骨AP轴和PCL胫骨附着点中点与髌腱内侧缘连线成角约0.57°±5.63°,胫骨AP轴与髌腱交点内侧比例为0.54%±18.63%;在膝关节骨关节炎合并内翻或外翻畸形情况下,胫骨AP轴与髌腱交点内侧所占比例明显增加（P＜0.05）,合并内翻或外翻畸形的骨关节炎膝关节,胫骨AP轴和PCL中点与髌腱内缘连线夹角增加,PCL中点与髌腱内1/3连线和胫骨AP轴的角度在外旋8.左右.结论 健康人胫骨AP轴总体为PCL中点与髌腱内侧缘连线,骨关节炎合并内翻或外翻畸形情况下,胫骨AP轴相对于PCL中点与髌腱内侧缘连线呈外旋趋势,如果以胫骨结节内1/3作为胫骨假体旋转定位参考点,胫骨假体相对于胫骨前后轴具有外旋倾向.     

股内侧肌中间入路与内侧髌旁入路在初次全膝关节置换中的对比研究

目的对股内侧肌中间入路和内侧髌旁人路在全膝关节置换术（TKA）手术相关参数和术后早期康复的相关参数进行比较。方法自2004年3月～2006年3月将34例同期双膝TKA患者两侧膝关节的手术入路进行随机分配，一侧采用股内侧肌中间入路，另一侧采用内侧髌旁人路。比较两组的外科参数和临床参数，外科参数包括暴露的难易程度、手术时间、术中失血量和外侧支持带需要松解的比例。临床参数包括术后静息和运动时疼痛、直腿抬高时间、主动屈曲到90。的时间、术后膝关节活动度及并发症。结果两组手术时间无明显差异，与内侧髋旁人路比较采用股内侧肌中间入路一侧的膝关节术中失血较少[（286．0±29．8）mL／us．（368．0±35．8）mL，P〈0．05]，外翻膝需要做外侧支持带松解的比例较小（20％us 50％，P〈0．05），术后l周内疼痛较轻（P〈0．05），能较早地进行主动直腿抬高[（1．8±0．3）d us．（4．5±0．8）d，P〈0．01]，较早地屈曲到90^o[（3．2±0．8）d us（7．1±1．2）d，P〈0．01]，术后45d活动度改善较快[（107^o±20^o）us、（98^o±12^o），P〈0．05]。结论因为股内侧肌中间入路对伸膝装置和髌周血管丛的破坏较少，TKA后功能恢复早期，比内侧髌旁人路更具有优势。     

胫骨内侧平台后倾角的测量及其在膝关节置换术中的意义

目的测量国人胫骨内侧平台后倾角（PSA），为全膝关节置换术（TKA）中胫骨平台截骨提供参数。方法干燥国人胫骨标本40根，性别、年龄、生活地区不详，视觉法测量内侧平台PSA，并比较髓外参照（参照胫骨中上段前侧骨皮质延长线）和髓内参照（参照胫骨解剖轴线）两组测量值的差别。结果髓外参照：12．74°±2．81°；髓内参照：9．98°±2．69°，两组有显著性差异（t=13．969，P〈0．001）；两组存在相关性，得到的回归方程为：髓外参照值=0．940×髓内参照值＋3．356（r^2=0．806，F=157．791，P〈0．001）。结论 国人胫骨内侧平台PSA个体差异大，均值大于西方人；手术时需考虑到关节软骨的形态因素，根据假体系统特性，重建最佳PSA。     

骨性关节炎患者人工膝关节假体旋转定位标志研究

目的探讨对合并内、外翻畸形的膝关节骨性关节炎行人工全膝关节置换术，以股骨内外上髁外科轴（surgical epicondylar axis，SEA）作为股骨假体旋转参考轴，以胫骨结节内1／3作为胫骨假体旋转定位的骨性标志，判断股骨假体和胫骨假体的旋转对线情况。方法2004年7月～2005年1月，对32例（62膝）拟行人工全膝关节置换术的膝关节骨性关节炎患者（病例组），男2例，女30例；年龄58～80岁，平均68．9岁；内翻畸形55膝，胫股角平均内翻-8．23°；外翻畸形7膝，胫股角平均外翻＋15．48°。于术前行伸膝旋转中立位CT扫描，测量膝关节股骨后髁角（posterior condylar angle，PCA），并以10个正常膝关节作为对照组，测量SEA中点C与髌腱内1／3连线（BC）和经SEA中点C的垂线（AC）之间的夹角，即α角。结果病例组80％以上膝关节CT图像显示股骨内上髁陷凹；PCA中位数为＋2．36°（0～＋7．5°）；对照组膝关节α角为＋6．45±3．68°（0～＋11．8°）；病例组内翻畸形患者膝关节α角为＋10．85±10．47°（0～＋28．1°），与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），病例组外翻畸形患者膝关节α角为＋11．6±7．3°（-6．5～＋26．8°），与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论以胫骨结节内1／3作为胫骨假体旋转参考轴线，胫骨假体相对于股骨假体处于轻度外旋位；合并内、外翻畸形患者的胫骨假体外旋角度明显增大，容易使股骨假体和胫骨假体间出现旋转对线不良。     

膝关节内翻屈曲畸形全膝关节置换的软组织平衡

目的探索对膝关节内翻屈曲畸形患者施行的全膝关节置换（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）软组织平衡技术。方法2001年1月～2005年12月,对实施的86例104膝骨性关节炎（osteoarthritis,OA）行TKA的膝内翻屈曲畸形患者进行回顾性研究,对术中的软组织平衡问题进行讨论。其中男19例23膝,女67例81膝;年龄57岁～78岁,平均66岁。行单侧TKA术68例,双侧18例。均为初次行TKA的OA患者。术前内翻角为6～34°,平均12.3°;其中软组织性内翻占总内翻角的56.7%,骨性内翻占43.3%。术前膝关节屈曲挛缩畸形10°以下21膝,10～19°45膝,20～29°22膝,30°以上16膝,平均18.9°。结果患者术前膝关节平均屈曲挛缩18.9°,术中除4例残留5°屈曲挛缩外,其余患者术中膝关节均能达到完全伸直。术后随访6～72个月,平均37个月,6例残留5～10°屈曲挛缩,余膝关节可达到完全伸直。术前内翻角6～34°,平均12.3°;术后测量股胫角170.3～175.6°,平均174.7°,其中2例残留内翻角〉3°。术中、术后发生并发症6例,其中内侧副韧带股骨起点损伤2例;髌骨弹响2例;脑栓塞及腔隙性脑梗塞各1例,经内科治疗后未遗留神经症状。均无皮肤坏死、切口感染及深部感染发生。结论软组织平衡是矫正膝关节内翻屈曲挛缩畸形的主要手段,良好合理的软组织平衡可使高度畸形的膝关节在TKA术后获得明显的功能恢复和畸形矫正。     

固定平台后稳定型假体全膝关节置换术后的运动学研究

 目的 探讨固定平台后稳定型假体全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)术后膝关节在负重屈膝下蹲时的运动学特征。方法 选取10名健康志愿者和10例固定平台后稳定型假体TKA术后患者。制作骨骼及膝关节假体三维模型,在持续X线透视下完成负重下蹲动作,膝关节屈曲度每增加15°截取一幅图像。通过荧光透视分析技术完成三维模型与二维图像的匹配,再现股骨与胫骨在屈膝过程中的空间位置,通过连续的图像分析比较正常与固定平台后稳定型假体TKA术后膝关节在负重下蹲时股骨内、外髁前后移动及胫骨内外旋转幅度。结果 负重下蹲时,正常膝关节平均屈曲136°,股骨内、外髁分别后移(7.3±1.2) mm和(19.3±3.1) mm,胫骨平均内旋23.8°±3.4°;TKA术后膝关节平均屈曲125°,股骨内、外髁分别后移(1.4±1.6) mm和(6.4±1.7) mm,胫骨平均内旋8.5°±3.4°。结论 固定平台后稳定型假体TKA术后膝关节运动与正常膝关节相似,均表现出股骨内、外髁后移及胫骨内旋运动,但幅度小于正常膝关节,且在屈膝过程中存在股骨矛盾性前移及胫骨外旋现象。     

Effect of tibial slope or posterior cruciate ligament release on knee kinematics

An experimental study using fresh human cadaver knees was designed to evaluate the effect of partial posterior cruciate ligament release or posterior tibial slope on knee kinematics after total knee arthroplasty. Varus and valgus laxity, rotational laxity, anteroposterior laxity, femoral rollback, and maximum flexion angle were evaluated in a normal knee, an ideal total knee arthroplasty, and a total knee arthroplasty in which the ligaments were made to be too tight in flexion. The total knee arthroplasty specimens then were subjected to either partial posterior cruciate ligament release or increased posterior tibial slope, and the tests were repeated. Posterior tibial slope increased varus and valgus laxity, anteroposterior laxity, and rotational laxity in the knee that had flexion tightness. Posterior cruciate ligament release corrected only anteroposterior tightness, and had no effect on the abnormal collateral ligament tightness. Increased posterior tibial slope significantly improved varus and valgus laxity and rotational laxity in the knee that was tight in flexion more than with release of the posterior cruciate ligament. Therefore increasing posterior tibial slope is preferable for a knee that is tight in flexion during total knee arthroplasty.     

Effect of rotational malposition of the femoral component on knee stability kinematics after total knee arthroplasty

Excessive external rotation of the femoral component can cause an abnormally tight popliteus tendon complex, which induces loss of rotational laxity of the knee in the late phase of knee flexion after total knee arthroplasty. This study evaluated the effect of popliteus tendon release on rotational and varus—valgus laxity of implanted knees with an excessively externally rotated femoral component. Rotational and varus—valgus laxity was measured with a knee kinematics testing device before and after total knee arthroplasty. External rotational positions of the femoral component of 5° and 8° were compared, and the effects of popliteus tendon release on rotational and varus—valgus laxity were evaluated. To further investigate this question, the effect of a conforming articular design was compared with that of a flat tibial surface. External rotational position of 5° did not change rotational or varus—valgus laxity of the knee. With an 8° external rotational position, however, external rotational laxity significantly decreased in knees with a conforming surface at angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. After popliteus tendon release, external rotational laxity significantly improved at 90° flexion and was identical to that of the normal knee. Internal rotational range was similar before and after popliteus tendon release. Popliteus tendon release did not affect the varus—valgus laxity (stability) with either articular surface.     

Effect of flexion angle on coronal laxity in patients with mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty prostheses

Proper soft tissue tension is one of the important factors in mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We evaluated varus/valgus laxities, particularly at flexion, which is a key factor in reducing the risk of subluxation and dislocation of bearings to assess the effect that the flexion angle and the presence or absence of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) have on laxity in patients with low-contact stress (LCS) prostheses of the PCL-retaining (24 patients, 24 knees) and PCL-sacrificing (24 patients, 24 knees) type designs during extension and flexion. Both types of prosthesis had about 4° laxity at extension and 3° at flexion. PCL-retaining prostheses had significantly less laxity at flexion than at extension (P = 0.0004 in varus, P = 0.0043 in valgus). For good clinical outcomes following TKA, 3°–4° laxity in the varus and valgus orientations is recommended. In addition, the PCL might be involved in flexion and could affect varus/valgus laxity in PCL-retaining prostheses.     

Lateral soft‐tissue structures contribute to cruciate‐retaining total knee arthroplasty stability

Little information is available to surgeons regarding how the lateral structures prevent instability in the replaced knee. The aim of this study was to quantify the lateral soft‐tissue contributions to stability following cruciate‐retaining total knee arthroplasty (CR TKA). Nine cadaveric knees were tested in a robotic system at full extension, 30°, 60°, and 90° flexion angles. In both native and CR implanted states, ±90 N anterior–posterior force, ±8 Nm varus–valgus, and ±5 Nm internal–external torque were applied. The anterolateral structures (ALS, including the iliotibial band), the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), the popliteus tendon complex (Pop T), and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) were transected and their relative contributions to stabilizing the applied loads were quantified. The LCL was found to be the primary restraint to varus laxity (an average 56% across all flexion angles), and was significant in internal–external rotational stability (28% and 26%, respectively) and anterior drawer (16%). The ALS restrained 25% of internal rotation, while the PCL was significant in posterior drawer only at 60° and 90° flexion. The Pop T was not found to be significant in any tests. Therefore, the LCL was confirmed as the major lateral structure in CR TKA stability throughout the arc of flexion and deficiency could present a complex rotational laxity that cannot be overcome by the other passive lateral structures or the PCL. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1902–1909, 2017.

     

Stability after medial collateral ligament release in total knee arthroplasty.

Six knees from cadavers were tested for change in stability after release of the medial collateral ligament with posterior cruciate-retaining and substituting total knee replacements. Load deformation curves of the joint were recorded in full extension and 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees flexion under a 10 N-m varus and valgus torque, 1.5 N-m internal and external rotational torque, and a 35 N anterior and posterior force to test stability in each knee. The intact specimen and posterior cruciate ligament-retaining total joint replacement were tested for baseline comparisons. The superficial medial collateral ligament was released, followed by release of the posterior cruciate ligament. The knee then was converted to a posterior-stabilized implant. After medial collateral ligament release, valgus laxity was statistically significantly greater at 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees flexion after posterior cruciate ligament sacrifice than it was when the posterior cruciate ligament was retained. The posterior-stabilizing post added little to varus and valgus stability. Small, but significant, differences were seen in internal and external rotation before and after posterior cruciate ligament sacrifice. The posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty was even more rotationally constrained in full extension than the knee with intact medial collateral ligament and posterior cruciate ligament.     

膝关节后交叉韧带保留型假体置换术15年远期疗效研究

目的 针对后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)保留型膝关节假体置换术进行15年以上临床随访研究,分析其临床疗效及失败原因.方法 对Medico-Chirurgical du Cedre中心1990年9月至1992年3月行PCL保留型全膝关节假体初次置换术获得随访的153例(178膝)患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究.对其采用术后X线测量结合随访时国际膝关节协会临床评分评估手术疗效,X线测量包括髋膝踝角(HKA)平均值、HKA绝对偏差、α角、β角、髌骨指数(AP/AT)、胫骨后倾角(PTA)等.以翻修率作为假体生存率最终评定标准.结果 153例患者随访时31例(49膝)死亡,4例(4膝)失访,获访118例(125膝).翻修11膝,15年以上假体生存率93.7%.翻修11膝原因分别为:9膝为假体界面无菌性松动(其中7膝伴严重骨溶解,2膝为胫骨假体周围透亮线伴疼痛),1膝反曲畸形,1膝内侧胫骨平台塌陷.术后随访时膝关节协会评分达173分,优良率95.9%.对比翻修患者与未翻修患者临床资料:对侧未手术膝关节内外翻角、术前正位X线片β角、两组手术前后膝关节协会评分差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PCL保留型假体可以较好地恢复膝关节生物力学特性,15年以上生存率优良.仅个别病例失败与PCL失效有关,聚乙烯衬垫后部过度磨损和髌股关节并发症少见.未手术侧膝关节畸形程度和术侧膝关节胫骨侧内翻畸形程度可能是影响假体翻修率的重要因素.     

Functional medical ligament balancing in total knee arthroplasty

Function of the anterior and posterior oblique portions of the medial collateral ligament and the posterior capsule in flexion and extension was evaluated in eight knee specimens after posterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty. The posterior oblique portion of the medial collateral ligament was released subperiosteally in four specimens, and the anterior portion was released in four specimens. The medial posterior capsule was released in each group, then the remaining portion of the medial collateral ligament was released. Release of the posterior oblique portion produced moderate laxity at full extension and at 30 degrees flexion, and posterior capsule release produced additional laxity in full extension. Release of the anterior portion produced major laxity at 60 degrees and 90 degrees flexion. Complete medial collateral ligament release increased laxity significantly in both groups in flexion and extension. This rationale was tested in a clinical study of 82 knees (76 patients) in which 62 (76%) required medial collateral ligament release to correct varus deformity during posterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty. Twenty-two knees (35.5%) were tight medially in extension only, and were corrected by releasing the posterior oblique portion. Thirty-one knees (50%) were tight medially in flexion only, and were corrected by releasing the anterior portion. Nine knees (14.5%) were tight medially in flexion and extension and required complete medial collateral ligament release, but three knees (4.8%) remained tight in extension and required medial posterior capsule release to correct flexion contracture and medial ligament contracture. Seventeen (27%) had partial posterior cruciate ligament release to correct excessive rollback of the femoral component on the tibial surface.     

The effects of tibial rotation on posterior translation in knees in which the posterior cruciate ligament has been cut

BACKGROUND: One of the most useful clinical tests for diagnosing an isolated injury of the posterior cruciate ligament is the posterior drawer maneuver performed with the knee in 90 degrees of flexion. Previously, it was thought that internally rotating the tibia during posterior drawer testing would decrease posterior laxity in a knee with an isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury. In this study, we evaluated the effects of internal and external tibial rotation on posterior laxity with the knee held in varying degrees of flexion after the posterior cruciate and meniscofemoral ligaments had been cut. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty cadaveric knees were used. Each knee was mounted in a fixture with six degrees of freedom, and anterior and posterior forces of 150 N were applied. The testing was conducted with the knee in 90 degrees, 60 degrees, 30 degrees, and 0 degrees of flexion with the tibia in neutral, internal, and external rotation. All knees were tested with the posterior cruciate and meniscofemoral ligaments intact and transected. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: At 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees of flexion, there was a significant increase in posterior laxity following transection of the posterior cruciate and meniscofemoral ligaments. At 60 degrees and 90 degrees of flexion, there was significantly less posterior laxity when the tibia was held in internal compared with external rotation. At 0 degrees and 30 degrees of flexion, there was no significant difference in posterior laxity when the tibia was held in internal compared with external rotation. CONCLUSIONS: After the posterior cruciate and meniscofemoral ligaments had been cut, posterior laxity was significantly decreased by both internal and external rotation of the tibia. Internal tibial rotation resulted in significantly less laxity than external tibial rotation did at 60 degrees and 90 degrees of knee flexion.     

胫骨后倾截骨对后十字韧带保留型全膝关节置换术疗效的影响

目的 探讨胫骨后倾截骨对后十字韧带保留型全膝关节置换术后临床疗效的影响.方法 2008年1月至2009年3月应用胫骨后倾5°截骨(后倾组)进行后十字韧带保留型全膝关节置换治疗骨关节炎患者27例(27膝),男7例7膝,女20例20膝;平均年龄69.5岁.同期应用胫骨后倾0°截骨(非后倾组)57例57膝,男15例15膝,女42例42膝;平均年龄67.4岁.两组患者术前一般资料、膝关节最大伸直角度、最大屈曲角度和美国膝关节协会评分(knee society score,KSS评分)差异均无统计学意义.比较术后两组胫骨后倾角、关节最大伸直角度、最大屈曲角度和KSS评分的差异.结果 所有患者均获随访12～24个月,平均(15.7±4.3)个月.未发生腓总神经损伤、伤口感染、假体脱位、假体松动等并发症.后倾组术后胫骨后倾角5.7°±2.1°,非后倾组0.9°±0.6°.后倾组术后关节最大伸直角度0.8°±0.3°,非后倾组1.2°±0.4°,差异无统计学意义.后倾组术后关节最大屈曲角度115.7°±4.8°,非后倾组101.1°±5.6°,差异有统计学意义.后倾组术后KSS评分(87.6±5.9)分,非后倾组(83.3±7.2)分,差异无统计学意义.结论 在后十字韧带保留型全膝关节置换术中胫骨后倾截骨可以增加术后关节最大屈曲角度,但对最大伸直角度和KSS评分无明显影响.     

Knee stability in posterior cruciate ligament retaining total knee arthroplasty

Anteroposterior knee laxity was evaluated in 14 patients (19 knees) who had posterior cruciate ligament retaining total knee arthroplasty using the Miller Galante I prosthesis. The followup ranged from 87 to 118 months (average, 105.9 months), and the measurements were done using the KT-2000 arthrometer. The mean anteroposterior displacement with the knees with Miller Galante I prostheses was 10.1 mm at 30 degrees flexion and 8.1 mm at 75 degrees flexion. In the 15 knees with Miller Galante I prostheses with flexion greater than 90 degrees, seven had less stability at 75 degrees than at 30 degrees flexion. These knees were considered to have a nonfunctional posterior cruciate ligament, and they had a worse Knee Society score (81.1) than did the other eight knees with Miller Galante I prostheses (89.9). There were four knees in which the flexion was less than 90 degrees. In this study, approximately half of the knees with posterior cruciate ligament retaining total knee arthroplasty did not have good anteroposterior stability in flexion an average of 9 years after surgery.