2007～2010年西林县法定报告传染病疫情分析

目的 了解西林县法定报告传染病的流行情况及趋势,为制定预防和控制传染病措施提供科学依据.方法 收集西林县2007~2010 年法定报告传染病疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法 进行分析.结果 2007~2010年西林县共累计报告法定传染病20 种2 430 例,年发病率为359.96 ~454.41/10 万,年平均发病率为409.10/10 万.4 年间报告的各类法定传染病以呼吸道传染病为主,共报告961 例,占报告发病总数的39.55%,发病率总体呈下降趋势;其次是血源与性传播传染病,共报告894 例,占报告发病总数的36.79%,发病率处较高位;再次是肠道传染病,共报告214 例,占报告总数的8.81%,发病率维持在较低水平.4 年间报告的法定传染病发病率在前5 位的疾病依次为肺结核、肝炎、痢疾、急性出血性结膜炎、手足口病等.结论 西林县法定传染病年发病率仍处于较高水平,且呈上升趋势,今后传染病防治的工作重点在于加大对呼吸道传染病和血源与性传播传染病的防治力度,同时还要加强对肠道传染病的防治及监测.     

2007-2011年淮安市甲乙类传染病疫情

目的 分析淮安市2007-2011年甲乙类传染病的发病情况,掌握流行规律,为制定传染病防治策略提供科学依据.方法 采用描述流行病学研究的方法,对淮安市2007-2011年甲乙类传染病疫情监测资料进行统计分析.结果 2007-2011年淮安市共报告甲乙类传染病21种,计35 362例,死亡101例,年平均发病率为135.02/10万,年平均死亡率为0.39/10万,年平均病死率为0.29％.肠道传染病发病率逐年下降,呼吸道和血源及性传播传染病发病率波动较大,自然疫源及虫媒传染病保持在较低水平.5年间发病数排前5位的分别为肺结核、病毒性肝炎、麻疹、痢疾、梅毒.结论 以肺结核为主的呼吸道传染病和以乙型肝炎为主的血源及性传播传染病应为淮安市目前传染病防治的重点,应采取多种预防控制手段,将传染病的发病率控制在更低水平.     

2006～2010年宜州市传染病流行趋势分析

目的 了解宜州市传染病发病情况和流行趋势,为卫生行政部门制定防治策略提供科学依据.方法 对宜州市2006～2010 年甲乙类传染病疫情资料进行分析.结果 2006～2010 年累计报告甲乙类传染病17 种11 137例,年均发病率为369.49/10 万,呈下降趋势;死亡100 例,年均死亡率3.33/10 万.年均发病率,肠道传染病为45.09/10 万,呼吸道传染病为178.03/10 万,血源及性传播传染病为144.77/10 万,自然疫源及虫媒传染病为1.26/10 万.肠道传染病发病率呈下降趋势,呼吸道和血源及性传播传染病发病率呈上升趋势.结论 肠道传染病发病率呈下降趋势,血源及性传播传染病呈上升趋势,是当前重点防治的传染病.     

平泉县1993-2007年法定传染病疫情动态分析

目的了解平泉县甲、乙类传染病的分布、流行趋势和特征,为制定预防控制对策提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对平泉县户籍人口1993-2007年甲、乙类法定报告传染病疫情资料进行分类统计分析。结果15年共报告法定传染病16种,累计报告病例12218例。年发病率最高的是2004年为264.52/10万,最低为1993年91.01/10万,年均发病率为178.00/10万。15年间报告的法定传染病以肠道传染病为主,共报告4802例,占发病总数的39.30%,近5年呈下降趋势;其次是呼吸道传染病,共报告3955例,占发病总数的32.37%,近3年有上升趋势。第3是血源及性传播疾病,共报告3389例,占发病总数的27.74%,发病率一直居高不下。主要传染病发病以病毒性肝炎、肺结核、痢疾为主。2007年传染病发病率前3位依次为肺结核、病毒性肝炎、痢疾,发病率分别为60.45/10万、39.67/10万、27.36/10万。结论平泉县今后传染病防治工作重点是要加大呼吸道传染病和血源及性传播疾病的防治力度,同时继续加强肠道传染病防治与监测,巩固其防治成果。     

沅江市2005-2009年乙类传染病发病趋势分析

目的分析沅江市近5年乙类传染病疫情动态和流行特征,为制定和完善传染病防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法描述性流行病学。结果 2005-2009年乙类传染病报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,发病分类构成以呼吸道传染病所占比例最高,血源及性传播传染病呈上升趋势,肠道传染病呈下降趋势。结论肺结核、病毒性肝炎、痢疾、麻疹、梅毒、血吸虫病应是沅江市传染病防治的工作重点,同时进一步关注和控制血源及性传播传染病。     

始兴县1992～2006年法定报告传染病流行趋势分析

目的探讨始兴县最近15年法定报告传染病的发生、流行及其变化趋势。方法对始兴县1992~2006年法定报告传染病按不同传播途径分类,并对其流行趋势进行分析。结果肠道传染病发病率由1999年前的第一、二位逐渐下降到之后的三、四位;呼吸道传染病由1999年前的二、三位上升至一、二位;血源及性传播疾病波动上升,近年已占据首位;除三大传播途径之外的其他途径传染病报告发病率呈下降趋势。结论始兴县传染病流行特征发生了较大变化,呼吸道、血源及性传播疾病是今后传染病防治工作的重点,同时加强肠道传染病的防治和监测,防止暴发疫情的发生。     

平泉县1993—2007年法定传染病疫情动态分析

目的了解平泉县甲、乙类传染病的分布、流行趋势和特征,为制定预防控制对策提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对平泉县户籍人口1993—2007年甲、乙类法定报告传染病疫情资料进行分类统计分析。结果15年共报告法定传染病16种,累计报告病例12218例。年发病率最高的是2004年为264．52／10万,最低为1993年91．01／10万,年均发病率为178．00／10万。15年间报告的法定传染病以肠道传染病为主,共报告4802例,占发病总数的39．30％,近5年呈下降趋势;其次是呼吸道传染病,共报告3955例,占发病总数的32．37％,近3年有上升趋势。第3是血源及性传播疾病,共报告3389例,占发病总数的27．74％,发病率一直居高不下。主要传染病发病以病毒性肝炎、肺结核、痢疾为主。2007年传染病发病率前3位依次为肺结核、病毒性肝炎、痢疾,发病率分别为60．45／10万、39．67／10万、27．36／10万。结论平泉县今后传染病防治工作重点是要加大呼吸道传染病和血源及性传播疾病的防治力度,同时继续加强肠道传染病防治与监测,巩固其防治成果。     

2007年萍乡市甲乙类传染病监测分析

目的了解萍乡市甲乙类传染病特征,为政府制定传染病防治对策提供依据。方法对2007年萍乡市法定传染病报告系统常规疫情资料进行分析。结果2007年萍乡市共报告16种乙类传染病6814例,发病率371.46/10万,无甲类传染病报告;传染病构成以血源及性传播疾病为主;发病前五位疾病较上年度无明显变化,仍然是病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、痢疾、淋病;艾滋病已成为萍乡市传染病死亡的首位死因。结论预防控制血源及性传播疾病是今后防治工作的重点和难点,应加强病毒性肝炎、肺结核、梅毒、细菌性痢疾、淋病的监控力度,进一步抓好艾滋病防治工作,加快艾滋病救治体系建设。     

徐州市鼓楼区2009年传染病报告分析

目的 了解徐州市鼓楼区发病情况,为制定有效防制措施提供依据.方法 应用描述流行病学方法,对传染病网络直报系统中徐州市鼓楼区报告疫情进行分析.结果 2009年共报告甲乙类传染病9种,总发病率为300.27/10万.其中,呼吸道传染病占43.25％,血源及性传染病占33.16％,肠道传染病占23.48％.结论 呼吸道传染病是鼓楼区应大力控制的传染病,血源及性传染病也不容忽视.     

2012年涪陵区网络报告法定传染病疫情分析

目的 了解法定传染病发生情况、构成及流行特征,为制定传染病防治对策提供科学依据.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对2012年各类网络报告法定传染病疫情资料进行分类统计分析.结果 2012年共报告乙丙类传染病20种,3 412例,总发病率317.76/10万,无甲类传染病报告.传染病构成以血源及性传播传染病、呼吸道传染病为主,其中,发病率居前五位的分别是肺结核(88.47/10万)、其他感染性腹泻(65.19/10万)、病毒性肝炎(60.81/10万)、梅毒(30.92/10万)、痢疾(19.00/10万).结论 2012年涪陵区网络报告传染病以血源及性传播传染病、呼吸道传染病为主,是今后传染病防制工作的重点.要特别加强对乙肝和肺结核的防控与管理力度.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.