急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床特点分析

目的 分析研究急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床特点. 方法 将急性下壁心肌梗死患者100例根据冠状动脉造影结果分为两组:76例为右冠状动脉(RCA)闭塞(A组),24例为左回旋支冠状动脉(LCX)闭塞(B组). 结果 心电图ST段抬高STⅢ>STⅡ及ST段压低STAVL>ST I A组显著高于B组(均P<0.05);ST段抬高STⅢ0.1 mV A组显著高于B组(P<0.05);胸前导联V1～6ST段压低患者中,合并左前降支冠状动脉(LAD)病变的患者显著高于胸前导联V1～6ST段无压低者(P<0.05);左心室射血分数(LVEF)A组[(51±14)%]显著低于B组[(57±10)%](P<0.05);合并右心室心肌梗死A组显著高于B组(P<0.05);急性下壁心肌梗死患者总的住院病死率6%,均为A组,但心源性休克、心力衰竭、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,室性心动过速/心室颤动及住院病死率,两组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);死亡者中心源性休克占83.3%. 结论 心电图Ⅲ、Ⅱ、I、AVL、及V4R导联ST段变化能预测急性下壁心肌梗死相关血管,急性下壁心肌梗死患者伴胸前导联ST段压低提示LAD病变,RCA闭塞所致下壁心肌梗死LVEF低于LCX闭塞者,心源性休克为死亡主要原因.     

不同的梗死相关血管急性下壁心肌梗死特点

目的分析不同梗死相关血管的急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床特点。方法根据冠状动脉造影结果将急性下壁心肌梗死患者分2组,A组76例为右冠状动脉(RCA)闭塞,B组24例为左回旋支冠状动脉(LCX)闭塞,并进行比较分析。结果心电图ST段抬高STⅢ>STⅡA组显著高于B组(P<0.05);ST段抬高STⅢ0.1mVA组显著高于B组(P<0.05);合并左前降支冠状动脉(LAD)病变的患者数在胸前导联ST段压低的患者中显著多于无胸前导联ST段压低患者(P<0.05);左室射血分数(LVEF)A组显著低于B组[(51±14)%vs(57±10)%,P<0.05];合并右室心肌梗死A组显著高于B组(P<0.05);心源性休克,心力衰竭,Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,室性心动过速/心室颤动,住院死亡率等两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论心电图Ⅲ、Ⅱ及V4R导联ST段变化能预测急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管,急性下壁心肌梗死患者伴胸前导联ST段压低提示LAD病变,RCA闭塞所致下壁心肌梗死LVEF低于LCX闭塞者,但临床并发症两组间差异无统计学意义。     

aVR导联对左主干病变预测价值的初步研究

目的:探索体表十二导联心电图ST aVR抬高及ST aVR/STV 1抬高≥1预测左主干急性闭塞诱发前壁心肌梗死中的价值。方法:2003-08/2008-04本院确诊为急性前壁心肌梗死的120例患者,据经冠脉造影结果分为左主干闭塞组(LM组)38例;前降支闭塞组(LAD组)82例,计算并比较两组十二导联心电图aVR导联的ST段抬高及ST aVR/STV 1抬高≥1比例。结果:与LAD组比较,LM组ST aVR抬高例数显著增高(0.16±0.10 vs 0.05±0.06,P<0.05),且ST aVR/STV 1抬高≥1例数,LM组也显著增高(0.16±0.21 vs-0.09±0.11,P<0.01)。结论:十二导联心电图中检测ST aVR抬高及ST aVR抬高/STV 1抬高≥1有助于鉴别诊断前壁AM I患者中LM闭塞或LAD闭塞。     

下壁导联ST段压低对前壁急性心肌梗死患者近期预后的影响

【目的】探讨下壁导联ST段压低对前壁急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者近期预后影响。【方法】选择本院36例前壁AMI患者,按下有无下壁ST段压低和ST段压低回复不同程度分组,观察比较住院期间各组心力衰竭、心律失常发生率和病死率。【结果】36例前壁AMI心电图下壁导联无sT段压低者（∑ST↓〈1mm）8例（22．2％）。伴ST段压低者（∑ST↓≥1mm）28例（77．8％）,其中∑ST↓〉5mm者8例（22．2％）,∑ST↓1～5mm者20例（55．6％）;下壁导联有无ST段压低的两组住院期间血清肌酸激酶（CK）峰值分别为∑ST↓〈1mm组（720．1±112．5）IU／L和∑ST↓≥1mm组（2215．6±242．4）IU／L,两组相比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。无ST段压低者（∑ST↓〈1mm）,∑ST↓〉5mm者,∑ST↓1～5mm者各组心梗并发症心力衰竭分别为0例,5例,3例,心律失常分别为1例,6例,5例,病死者分别为0例,2例,4例,三组之间相比较差异均有显著性（P〈O．05）。下壁导联ST段压低者在住院治疗d,ST段向基线回复30％～60％者,回复幅度〉60％者,回复幅度〈30％者各组心梗并发症心力衰竭,心律失常发生率,病死率三组之间相比较差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。【结论】下壁ST段压低的程度越大心力衰竭、心律失常发生率和病死率越高;ST段压低回复程度越大心力衰竭、心律失常发生率和病死率越低。     

急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低与左心室射血分数分析

目的 探讨下壁急性心肌梗死(AMI)伴胸前导联ST段压低与左心室射血分数(LVEF)的关系.方法 筛选我院收治的下壁AMI患者82例,回顾性分析其急性发作后24h内心电图(ECG)改变,对其中43例伴胸前导联ST段压低者(A组)及39例不伴胸前导联ST段压低者(B组)的超声心动图(UCG)的LVEF及冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果 进行分析.结果 A组LYEF明显降低,与B组比较差异有统计学意义(t:4.9430,P<0.001);A组CAG双支或三支病变比例增多,与B组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=16.3942,P<0.001):A、B两组病死率分别为16.28%及2.56%.结论 下壁AMI伴胸前导联ST段压低大多缺血累及心肌范围大.提示预后不良.     

急性下壁心肌梗死胸前导联ST段改变的临床意义

目的分析急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低的临床意义。方法选择38例急性下壁心肌梗死患者常规心电图及24h动态心电图进行对照分析。结果急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低多于不伴胸前导联ST段压低(P<0.01);下壁伴正后壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低多于不伴胸前导联ST段压低(P<0.01);下壁伴右心室心肌梗死与胸前导联ST段压低无明显关联(P<0.01);急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低者严重室性心律失常与房室传导阻滞的发生率较不伴胸前导联ST段压低者高(P<0.01)。结论急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低往往提示梗死范围大或同时存在心肌缺血、冠脉病变广泛、心功能损害较严重,并且严重室性心律失常与房室传导阻滞的发生率明显增高,心肌酶峰值明显增高临床预后较差。     

急性下壁心肌梗死伴aVR导联ST段压低的临床意义

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死伴aVR导联ST段压低的临床意义。方法对140例确诊急性下壁心肌梗死患者,依其心电图aVR导联ST段压低与否分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组,比较两组间的心肌型肌酸激酮同功酶(CK-MB)峰值,超声心动图,Holter,冠状动脉造影及各种临床并发症等结果。结果Ⅰ组患者与Ⅱ组患者比较,CK-MB峰值更高(160.21±93.42)U/L vs(124.68±62.95)U/L(P<0.01),左室射血分数减低更明显(54.78±9.22)%vs(59.50±7.14)%(P<0.05),并发症也更为多见。冠状动脉造影显示,在右冠状动脉阻塞的基础上更易合并左前降支或多支病变,各种临床并发症亦明显增高。结论急性下壁心肌梗死伴aVR导联ST段压低者梗死面积大,预后不良。     

老年急性下壁心肌梗死伴心前导联ST段压低的临床探讨

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死 (AIMI)时前壁导联ST段压低的临床意义。方法回顾性分析 6 8例首发AIMI患者的心电图和冠状动脉造影资料。结果AIMI伴前壁导联ST段压低组 (B组 )的血清肌酸激酶峰值为 ( 2 6 1.17± 4 2 .58)U L高于AIMI不伴前壁导联ST段压低组 (A组 ) ( 183.2 6± 4 1.37)U L(P <0 .0 5) ,左室射血分数B组 ( 49± 8) %低于A组 ( 58± 7) % ,(P <0 .0 5)。两组病变血管多涉及右侧冠状动脉 (RCA)。结论AIMI伴前壁导联ST段压低提示和多支血管病变有关 ,其梗死面积较大 ,射血分数较低     

急性前壁心肌梗死患者心电图下壁导联改变的意义

目的明确常规体表心电图下壁导联 ST段偏移对急性前壁心肌梗死患者左冠状动脉前降支 ( LAD)分布特点及其病变部位的判断价值。方法根据 L AD分布特点及其病变部位在第一对角支或第一间隔支的近端抑或远端 ,将 87例急性前壁心肌梗死患者进行分组 ,并比较各组患者的心电图改变。结果 1L AD近端病变组患者下壁导联 、 和 a VF的 ST段压低≥ 1mm的发生率明显高于远端组患者 ( :79%与 2 9% , :86 %与 19% ,a VF:75 %与 45 % ,P<0 .0 1) ;2左冠优势型组患者下壁导联 、 和 a VF的 ST段压低≥1mm的发生率明显优于非优势型组患者 ( :2 8%与 92 % , :2 8%与 94% ,a VF:31%与 96 % ,P<0 .0 1) ;3共 12例患者下壁导联ST段抬高总和≥ 3.0 mm,且均见于左冠优势型并 LAD远端病变患者。结论常规体表心电图下壁导联 ST段偏移是判断 LAD分布特点及其病变部位的良好方法     

急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低的心电图分析

目的:观察急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低患者心电图改变,以探讨伴胸导联ST段压低出现的时间、持续时间与心肌梗死部位、房室传导阻滞以及严重心律失常的关系。方法:对66例急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低患者,按胸导联ST段压低持续的时间分组,≥24h者为Ⅰ组42例,<24h者为Ⅱ组24例。观察统计两组患者合并出现其它部位梗死、房室传导阻滞、严重心律失常的发生率,进行对照分析。结果:①Ⅰ组并发其它部位梗死30例,Ⅱ组为5例,两组比较差异显著(P<0.01)。②Ⅰ组出现房室传导阻滞17例,Ⅱ组出现3例,两组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。③Ⅰ组出现严重室性心律失常19例,Ⅱ组3例,两组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低持续时间≥24h,并发其它部位梗死多,梗死面积大,房室传导阻滞以及严重室性心律失常发生率高,可视为病变广泛的一项指标。     

氯吡格雷对ST段上抬型心梗患者外周血液中黏附分子的影响

【目的】氯吡格雷口服对ST段上抬型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者血液中细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）和P一选择素（P—selectin）水平的影响。【方法】确诊急性sTEMI患者61例，分为常规治疗组（ROU组）31例和氯吡格雷治疗组（CLO组）30例。ROU组接受溶栓（尿激酶）、抗凝（低分子肝素钙）、抗血小板（阿司匹林）、抗心肌重构（卡托普利）及保护心肌（倍他乐克）等药物常规治疗。CLO组除接受前述治疗外，入院时即开始接受氯吡格雷口服治疗（300mg负荷量，继以每日75mg）。比较两组间溶栓治疗后2h内ST段改变、入院后24h内肌酸激酶MB同工酶（CK—MB）浓度变化及入院后48h内血液循环中siCAM-1和P-选择素浓度。【结果】溶栓后2h内ST段降低50％，ROU组为15例（48．4％），CLO组为18例（60．0％），两组间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。两组CK—MB浓度，在入院后即刻、入院后4h差异无显著性（P〉0．05），而在入院后8h、入院后12h、入院后24hCLO组显著低于ROU组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。入院后48hICAM-1浓度及P-选择素浓度CLO组显著低于ROU组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。【结论】对于STEMI患者，在常规治疗外早期联用氯吡格雷治疗，可限制心肌梗死范围，并可降低血液中siCAM-1和P-选择素浓度。     

盐酸替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊PCI术后再灌注的影响

[目的]分析盐酸替罗非班对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后再灌注的影响.[方法]62例STEMI随机分为实验组(32例)和对照组(30例),实验组在PCI基础上加盐酸替罗非班、对照组直接PCI,观察两组术后心肌缺血再灌注损伤,住院期间主要心血管事件(MACE)及安全性.[结果]试验组术后90 min心电图相关导联ST段回落幅度较对照组为大(67.03%vs 52.00%,P<0.01),肌酸激酶峰值浓度较对照组低[(1791.5±298.2)IU/L vs(2344.8±604.5)IU/L,P<0.053,术后MACE发生率较对照组低(3.1%vs 20.0%,P<0.05),心肌缺血再灌注损伤无显著性差异(56.3%vs73.3%,P>0.05),围手术期出血并发症无显著差异(15.6%vs 6.7%,P>0.05).[结论]STEMI行急诊PCI联合应用盐酸替罗非班可改善心肌灌注,对心肌缺血再灌注损伤发生率无显著降低,安全性好.     

Tp—e／QT比值和QTd对急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者室性心律失常的预测价值

目的 探讨Tp-e/QT比值和QTd对急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者（STEMI）经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后的预测价值及对比分析.方法 自2011年1月至2012年3月我院12 h内行PCI者127例作为观察组,其中经急诊PCI实现IRA再通者71例（再通组）;未能实现血管再通治疗者56例（非再通组）.另选取106名健康者作为对照组.测量患者入院时及术后心电图的QT值、Tp-e值,计算QTd.患者室性心律失常采用Lown分级,其中Lown分级=3级者为MVA.分析Tp-e/QT比值和QTd与STEMI患者发生室性心律失常的相关性.结果 观察组患者入院时Tp-e/QT比值、QTd均高于正常组（P〈0.001）;室性心律失常患者的Tp-e/QT比值、QTd均延长,Tp-e/QT比值与室性心律失常的发生显著相关（r=0.3581,P〈0.001）;Tp-e/QT比值降幅与患者性别、年龄、糖尿病、Killip′s分级、LVEF、CK-MB、cTnI均无显著相关性（P〉0.05）,而与急性ST段下降程度呈正相关（r=0.3621,P=0.0001）.52例STEMI患者中MVA组24例,非MVA组28例,与QTd相比,只有Tp-e/QT比值与心率变异性呈负相关（P〈0.05）;再通组中,单支与多支病变患者Tp-e/QT比值、QTd变化均无显著差异（P〉0.05）.结论 STEMI患者与健康者相比,Tp-e/QT比值、QTd均延长,且Tp-e/QT比值更能准确有效地预测冠状动脉介入术后室性心律失常的发生.     

Marked reduction of early stent thrombosis with pre-hospital initiation of high-dose Tirofiban in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Summary.  Background : No randomized comparisons are yet available evaluating the effect of pre-hospital high dose tirofiban on the incidence of early stent thrombosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Objectives : The aim of this analysis was to evaluate whether routine pre-hospital administration of high-dose tirofiban in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) decreases the incidence of early stent thrombosis after primary PCI. Patients/methods : The Ongoing Tirofiban in Myocardial Evaluation (On-TIME) 2 trial was a prospective multicenter study of consecutive STEMI patients referred for primary PCI in which patients were randomized to pre-hospital no high-dose tirofiban/placebo. We examined the incidence of Academic Research Consortium definite and probable early stent thrombosis and determined predictors and outcome of early stent thrombosis. Results : Primary PCI was performed in 1203 out of 1398 patients (86.1%). In 1073 patients (89.2%) a coronary stent was placed. Early stent thrombosis occurred in 39 patients (3.6%). Pre-hospital initiation of high-dose tirofiban significantly reduced early stent thrombosis (2.1% vs. 5.2%, P  = 0.006) and was associated with a lower incidence of urgent repeat PCI (1.9% vs. 5.2%, P  = 0.005). Early stent thrombosis, as well as pre-hospital initiation of high-dose tirofiban, was independently associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusions : Pre-hospital initiation of high-dose tirofiban reduces the 30-day incidence of stent thrombosis in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI and stenting. Early stent thrombosis and pre-hospital initiation of high-dose tirofiban were independent predictors of 30-day mortality.     

Electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy versus ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction—A case series

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome, is a newly described disorder in which patients develop anginal symptoms, often times with acute congestive heart failure, during periods of stress. The electrocardiogram demonstrates ST-segment and/or T-wave abnormalities similar to those findings seen in acute coronary events; on occasion, serum markers can be abnormal. As an extreme, acute pulmonary edema with or without cardiogenic shock can also be encountered. At cardiac catheterization, these patients are found to have abnormal left ventricular function yet normal coronary arteries. We compared 2 populations encountered in the emergency department (ED) population—Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In the ED, features of the presentation and management were similar between the 2 groups with the exception of the presence of female sex and abnormal QT interval occurring more often in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy subgroup. These 2 cardiovascular maladies present in very similar fashion in the ED; distinction in the ED may not be possible.     

Management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in EDs

Emergency department (ED) physicians are critical in the accurate diagnosis, efficient management, and treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The initial reperfusion strategy involves the choice between mechanical reperfusion using primary percutaneous coronary intervention and pharmacologic treatment with fibrinolytics. The benefits of these approaches are time dependent, and practices vary according to institutional resources and local guidelines. Nevertheless, the need for early intervention and the use of certain therapies are well recognized. Therefore, ED physicians must be aware of all treatment options available, including the use of adjunctive therapies. Initial treatment should include beta-blockers, aspirin (or clopidogrel if aspirin is contraindicated), nitroglycerin, and analgesia, regardless of reperfusion strategy. Clopidogrel is now approved as an adjunctive therapy for patients undergoing fibrinolysis as their reperfusion therapy. Both unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin are feasible adjunctives in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing reperfusion therapy. In addition, multiple new antithrombin agents are being investigated. The choice adjunctive treatments should be based on specific patient populations and on the initial reperfusion strategy.