期望值对高考生心理健康的影响

目的了解不同的高考期望值对考生心理健康的影响。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）于高考前4个月集体测试,结果按期望值的高低进行比较;同时以半开放式问卷调查可能影响考生心理健康的因素。结果高期望值组的躯体化、焦虑、恐怖、偏执和精神病性因子分高于低期望值组（P〈0．05）;家长高期望值组的阳性症状均分以及躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖因子分高于考生高期望值组（P〈0．05）。因子异常率在高期望值组大多高于低期望值组,焦虑、敌对、恐怖间的差异显著（X^2=4．66-5．12）;家长高期望值组≥3分的强迫的发生率高于考生高期望值组（X^2=7．29）;强迫、人际关系、抑郁以及高期望值组的敌对、焦虑、偏执的异常率均超过30％。阳性症状均分≥3分者高期望值组显著多于低期望值组（X^2=4．57）。结论高期望值对高考生的心理健康有一定的负面影响,家长高期望值的影响更大。     

扩招后高考生的心理健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的　探讨高校扩招后高考生的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法　用症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )在高考前 4个月集体测试 ,并将结果与全国常模及扩招前结果比较 ;同时以半开放式问卷调查可能影响高考生心理健康的因素。结果　高考生SCL - 90的总分、总均分、阳性项目数及各因子分显著高于全国常模 (P <0 0 0 1) ,阳性症状均分与常模无显著性差异 ;且总分、阳性项目数及各因子分低于扩招前高考生 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 0 1)。高考生各因子的异常率在 5 3 6 %～ 11 8%之间 ,强迫、人际关系敏感、敌对及抑郁的异常率均 >30 %。结论　扩招后高考生的心理健康水平好于扩招前 ,但仍普遍存在轻、中度的心理问题。考生精神负担重、期望值过高、缺乏自信以及家长教养方式不当是影响心理健康的因素。     

城乡高考生心理健康的差异与原因分析

目的探讨城乡高考生心理健康的差异及原因。方法于高考前4个月用症状自评量表(SCL-90)集体测试,同时以半开放式问卷调查可能影响考生心理健康的因素。结果农村生总均分、阳性症状均分以及人际关系、恐怖因子分高于城镇生(P<0.05)。人际关系、焦虑(含≥3分)、偏执和精神病性因子的异常率农村生高于城镇生(χ2=4.07～7.28);考生异常因子人均数及异常因子数达6个、≥3分的因子数达3个的考生,农村生多于城镇生(χ2=4.43～3.89)。结论与城镇生相比,农村考生的心理问题发生率高,痛苦程度大,心理健康状况差。家庭经济条件不同,父母文化程度及教育方式差异,非学业的心理压力和期望值高等是导致城乡考生心理健康差异的原因。     

男女高考生扩招前后的心理健康状况分析

目的 探讨男女高考生扩招前后的心理健康状况差异.方法 于高考前4个月采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）集体测试,结果 按性别并与扩招前比较;同时以半开放式问卷调查可能影响考生心理健康的因素.结果扩招后男生的强迫和精神病性分高于女生（P＜0.05）、女生的躯体化分高于男生（P＜0.05）,其它各项男女生间无明显差异.和扩招前比较,女生的阳性项目数及所有的因子分降低（P＜0.05～0.001）,男生的阳性项目数与躯体化分降低（P＜0.05～0.01）、恐怖分增高（P＜0.01）.男女生强迫、人际关系、抑郁、敌对、焦虑及偏执因子的异常率均达20%～56%;女生躯体化与恐怖的异常率高于男生（P＜0.05）,男生偏执的异常率高于女生（P＜0.01）.阳性症状均分≥3分者男生多于女生（χ^2=5.88）.结论 扩招后男女生心理健康的总体水平无明显差异.男女考生的心理健康状况均较扩招前有明显改善,女生更显著.男生的恐怖较扩招前加重.男女生的心理问题均仍以强迫、人际关系、抑郁、敌对、焦虑及偏执多见.女生的躯体化与恐怖,男生的偏执、强迫与精神病性症状相对较明显.     

精神分裂症患者病程与家属心理健康状况调查分析

目的探讨精神分裂症患者病程与家属心理健康状况的相关性,为促进患者家属心理健康和培养良好应对方式提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法,选取360名精神分裂症患者家属,按患者病程的长短将患者家属分为首发患者家属组（A组）、5年以下病程患者家属组（B组）、5年及以上病程患者家属组（C组）3组,通过调查法、症状自评量表（SCL-90）和Bradburn编制情感量表对3组患者家属心理健康状况进行调查分析。结果3组SCL-90量表总分及各因子分均高于国内常模（P〈0．05）,A组SCL-90量表除敌对和偏执外其他各因子分及总分均高于B组（P〈0．05）,除焦虑、敌对、偏执外其他各因子分及总分均高于C组（P〈0．01）,B组躯体化、强迫、抑郁、恐怖因子分高于C组（P〈0．05）。A组在正性情感、负性情感、情感平衡3个维度上均显著低于B组、C组（P〈0．01）。结论精神分裂症患者家属普遍存在心理健康问题,且不同病程的患者家属存在的心理问题不尽相同,而随着病程迁延,家属的心理调节能力逐渐增强,心理满意程度渐趋稳定。     

农村初中生心理健康状况与父母养育方式的关系分析

目的探讨农村初中生心理健康状况与父母养育方式的关系.方法使用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）对本市下属农村某中学初二学生共325人进行调查.结果男女初中生SCL-90各因子得分均高于国内常模;相关分析表明,SCL-90各因子与EMBU的父母亲严厉惩罚、父亲过分干涉过度保护、父母亲拒绝否认等项呈显著意义的正相关;父母亲温暖理解与SCL-90各因子呈负相关;父亲偏爱与SCL-90中的强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、恐怖及偏执等因子呈显著意义的正相关;母亲偏爱与SCL-90中的人际关系、抑郁、敌对、恐怖和偏执等因子呈显著意义的正相关.结论本市农村初中生的心理健康状况较差,且与父母教养方式有密切关系.     

酒精所致精神障碍住院患者妻子的心理健康状况调查

采用９０项症状清单（ＳＣＬ－９０）对３８例酒精所致精神障碍住院患者正好了的心理健康状况进行了测评；并对其中慢性酒中毒和酒依赖患者妻子的心理健康状况进行比较。结果发现，酒精所致精神障碍鹗２正好了的躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对和偏执６个因子均分显著高于国内常模（Ｐ〈０．０１～０．０５）；慢必不朽事毒患者正好了在人际关系、抑郁、敌对３项因子均分高于酒依赖患者妻子（Ｐ〈０．０１～０．０５）。提示由于     

初中生心理问题与父母养育方式关系的研究

目的　探讨初中学生的心理健康状况及心理问题与父母养育方式的关系。方法　使用症状自评量表、父母养育方式评价量表、基本资料问卷 ,以现况研究整群抽样的方法在济南市历下区 2所初中学校中抽取初一年级 2 8个班的学生 ,采用问卷调查方式调查全部学生共 16 6 7名。结果　症状自评量表筛选出的有心理问题的人数为 2 70例 ,占总人数的 16 .2 0 % ,相关分析表明 ,SCL 90总分及各项因子分与EMBU的父母亲严厉惩罚、父亲过分干涉过度保护、父母亲拒绝否认等项呈显著性意义的正相关 ;SCL 90敌对项因子与母亲干涉过度保护呈显著性意义的负相关 ,抑郁项因子分与父母亲温暖理解项呈显著性意义的负相关 ;父母亲偏爱与SCL 90总分 ,人际关系、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、偏执等因子分呈显著性意义的相关关系。结论　初中生的心理异常与父母教养方式有密切关系     

离退休老干部心理健康状况调查

目的了解离退休老干部的心理健康状况,旨在为提高其心理健康水平提供参考。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取2016年1月-5月在江苏省钟山干部疗养院疗养的80例离退休老干部(研究组)以及体检的42例个人及企事业单位离退休人员(对照组),采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定两组心理健康状况。结果研究组和对照组心理问题筛查阳性率差异有统计学意义(31.25%vs.38.10%,χ~2=0.58,P=0.45)。研究组SCL-90总评分、总均分、阳性症状均分、躯体化、抑郁、敌对以及偏执因子评分均低于对照组(P0.05或0.01)。女性离退休老干部仅阳性项目均分较男性高(P0.05)。结论离退休老干部心理健康状况较一般离退休人员好,其主要异常表现在躯体化方面。     

江门市新会区高中生独生子女心理健康状况的抽样调查

目的调查江门市新会区高中生独生子女的心理健康状况。方法采用症状自评量表对江门市新会区三所高中的103名独生子女和464名非独生子女进行心理卫生评定。结果约20．39％的高中独生子女存在明显的心理问题，其阳性检出率同非独生子女（15．3％）无明显差异。单亲家庭独生子女阳性检出率高于核心家庭及大家庭（P〈0．05）。独生子女Scl-90中8个因子得分高于非独生子女，其中尤以强迫、偏执、精神病性因子分差异显著（P〈0．05），女生在强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、恐怖、敌对及精神病性得分显著高于男生（P〈0．05）。结论高中生独生子女心理健康状况总体上与非独生子女相近，单亲家庭及女生心理问题较多。     

Mechanisms of the suppression of the nociceptive reflex of the opening of the mouth during stimulation of the structures of the limbic brain

The comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory influence of tetanic stimulation of hypothalamus, amygdala and limbic cortex on EMG-response of m. digastricus evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp nociceptive afferents was studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. It was found that inhibition of the EMG-component of the jaw-opening reflex is most pronounced in case of stimulation of medial and lateral region of the hypothalamus, the inhibitory effect of central and medial nuclei of the amygdala is less pronounced and the effect of the limbic cortex is the weakest. It was shown that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of tetanic stimulation of the hypothalamus is not related to the concomitant increase of the blood pressure. After stabilization of the blood pressure the suppressive effect of the hypothalamus remains without changes, that points out to a direct, primary, not baro-afferent mechanism of the inhibition of the activity of nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Noradrenaline, injected intravenously, induced a large increase of the blood pressure accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the pain reflex. Angiotensin causes the same degree of blood pressure elevation without changes in the amplitude of the EMG-response of the pain reflex. Hypothalamic and noradrenergic mechanisms for control of pain sensitivity are discussed.     

药物治疗与合并认知行为治疗对强迫症疗效的比较

目的探讨认知行为心理治疗(CBT)在强迫症(OCD)患者各亚型治疗中的有效性和规律性。方法本研究为临床对照研究。符合入组标准的强迫症患者按患者自愿原则分为两组,治疗观察3、6、12个月。疗效评定分别运用Yale-Brown强迫量表,自拟的自评好转程度量表和临床疗效评定。结果认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗组31例,临床有效率70.9%,其中治愈率1.8%。单纯药物治疗组24例,临床有效率33.3%。Yale-Brown强迫量表和自评量表得分在6个月和12个月两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中强迫症亚型(怕脏型、反复检查型和反复担心型)的疗效比较,怕脏型在治疗3个月末两组间自评量表评分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复担心型在治疗6个月末两组间Yale-Brown强迫量表总分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复检查型两组间无统计学差异。结论认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗强迫症的疗效明显优于单纯药物治疗。强迫症的亚型在治疗中的有效性次序为:反复担心型>怕脏型>反复检查型。     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Summary Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves.Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue, whose activity was revealed after-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres.Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa.The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S₁–S₄. S₁, S₂ and usually S₃ fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S₂, S₃ and sometimes S₁ fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S₃, usually S₂ and occasionally S₁ fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S₄ fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors.There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

A contribution to the study of the architecture of the autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract of the rat

Summary The distribution of aminergic and non-aminergic nerve fibres to the different constituents of the wall of the digestive tract in various regions is described. Aminergic fibres synapse with all nervous perikarya. Densely interlacing networks of nerve fibres are found in both layers of the tunica muscularis and in the lamina muscularis mucosae. A finely meshed plexus is observed in relation to the wall of the blood vessels in the wall of the gut. There are many fibres connecting the muscular and the vascular plexus. No nerve fibres have been observed in direct relation to the epithelium.The functional implications of these findings are discussed.