Contention adhésive de cheville et contrôle postural en condition quasi statique : impact de la pose d’une sous-bande en mousse

Aim

This study's purpose is to estimate the effect of an elastic rubber band ankle strapping on the postural control with or without underwrap.

Method

Fifteen healthy volunteers have been tested on a two feet standing position while performing a task under three conditions: without being strapped, with the strapping over the skin and with the strapping over and underwrap. The variable on trial, recorded using a force platform, was the pression center movement (CP) defined by its frontal (AP) and medial (ML) axes. We extracted CP trajectories decomposed into two elementary motions: the horizontal displacements of the centre of gravity (CG) and the vertical projection of the difference between centre of pressure and the centre of gravity (CP–CG).

Results

The only statistically significative decrease of variance from the no strapping condition was with over skin strapping condition for the CP and CG on ML axe. No CP–CG variance was significally modified.

Conclusion

The over skin strapping provide a lateral stabilization. The hypothesis of additional sensory information and mechanical restriction of the ankle could provide explanation.     

Extravasación de medios de contraste intravenosos en el sitio de la punción: Protocolo de actuación

The incidence of contrast medium extravasation at the venipuncture site has increased with the generalized use of automatic injectors. Most extravasations only cause slight edema and erythema. Nevertheless, in some cases extravasation can result in severe skin lesions or even in compartment syndrome. Lesions caused by extravasation usually resolve spontaneously with conservative treatment. Although the complications of extravasation are well known, institutional protocols are normally lacking and the criteria for taking action and the type of treatment, whether based on the literature or personal preferences, tend to vary. In this article, we review the incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and options for preventing and treating contrast medium extravasation in soft tissues. Finally, we present the protocol we use to manage extravasation at our hospital.     

Aspects biologiques des interactions de l’exercice et de la récupération

Subject

The use of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry technique (FT-IR) as a pitch technique of the biological control of short and intense exercises close to those of Rugby matches.

Material and method

In reference to 28 rugbymen of international level, the biological results of three short and intense exercises and two periods of recovery were analyzed by TF-IR. The exercises are: (1) sprints; (2) 12 × 20 m of swerve running; (3) 6 × 30 s of shuttle run.

Results

Lactate, glucose, urea, and to a lesser degree, triglycerides showed a significant evolution. If the evolution of the two first was in conformity with the literature, the increase of urea probably results from the activation of the purins–nucleotides cycle, whereas the evolution of triglycerides is explained by their probable muscular use during periods of active recovery. Among proteins related to the healthy sportsman, only haptoglobin presents a significant variation difficult to explain whereas CRP, orosomucoid and immunoglobulins A, G and M remain close to their rest values.

Conclusion

With the use of FT-IR technique, it is possible to intervene directly on the pitches of the sporting practice to control the biological incidences and to adjust the loads individually. It is also possible to detect inflammatory and immunological problems related to the biomechanical and physiological stresses.     

La technique de Didier Patte dans les luxations récidivantes de l’épaule : notre expérience à propos de 35 cas avec un suivi d’une dizaine d’années

Aims

Authors report their personal experience on the surgical treatment of repeated anterior shoulder dislocations, using an anterior bone block in accordance with the procedure suggested by Didier Patte.

Results

From the year 1988 and during 10 years, 35 patients suffering from repeated anterior shoulder dislocations were surgically treated by this procedure. It was appropriate to retrospectively review the clinical and functional outcomes after Patte repair for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. The mean follow-up was approximately 10 years, with a mean percentage of 75% for the observance. There was no recurrence after surgery. Moreover, 88% of patients had good outcomes, according to the scale suggested by Butel et al., with total resumption of work and physical activities. The occurrence of chronic complication such as osteoathrosis was scarce (only one case for the series), while 20% of subjects showed apprehension during some specific shoulder movements.

Conclusion

In order to expect best functional outcomes, the choice of the surgical procedure should take into account the extent of initial injury. Considering these ground requirements, the Patte procedure seems to provide very satisfactory long-term functional outcomes.     

Dysfonction endothéliale et risque cardiovasculaire. L’exercice protège la fonction endothéliale et prévient la maladie cardiovasculaire

Aim

To describe the characteristics of endothelial function and to review the biological mechanisms by which physical exercise training stimulates and/or restores endothelial function.

Current knowledge

Endothelial function, via the vasoprotective effects of nitric oxide (NO), plays a pivotal role in health and cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction has been identified as a major predictor of cardiovascular events. Therefore, endothelial function was regarded as the primary therapeutic target to prevent cardiovascular risk.

Prospects

Epidemiological work provides strong evidence that exercise directly improves endothelial function. Experimental studies have shown that regular exercise improves endothelial function through an increase in NO bioavailability. Exercise may stimulate NO production and/or decrease NO inactivation by increasing antioxidant capacity and/or attenuating prooxidant enzymes.

Conclusion

Current knowledge of biological protective mechanisms of exercise should encourage us to practice regular exercise to prevent and reduce cardiovascular mortality.