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1.
Objective
Previous fMRI studies on activation of working memory in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients presented heterogeneous results. Patients were reported to have altered brain activation patterns either in typical working memory circuits or in other brain regions even if they did not have any cognitive impairment according to the test batteries. We hypothesized that brain activation patterns in patients at a very early stage of the disease at very low EDSS-Score would not differ from healthy subjects.Methods
We examined 13 patients at an early stage of MS matched with 13 healthy controls with a detailed psychometric test battery and an fMRI working memory paradigm.Results
Patients and healthy controls did not differ in psychometric test batteries. In both groups those cortex areas typically involved in working memory processes like dorso-lateral prefrontal (DLPFC), ventro-lateral-prefrontal (VLPFC), fronto-medial and parietal cortex areas (Brodmann 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 32, 40, 45, 46, 47) were equally activated.Conclusion
In contrast to former studies we found no differences in activation patterns in the fMRI scanning measuring working memory tasks between psychometrically tested homogenous groups of patients in early stages of MS and control subjects. 相似文献2.
Kircher TT Weis S Freymann K Erb M Jessen F Grodd W Heun R Leube DT 《Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry》2007,78(8):812-818
Background
Episodic memory enables us to consciously recollect personally experienced past events. Memory performance is reduced in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an at‐risk condition for Alzheimer''s disease (AD).Patients and methods
We used functional MRI (fMRI) to compare brain activity during memory encoding in 29 healthy elderly subjects (mean age 67.7 (SD 5.4) years) and 21 patients with MCI (mean age 69.7 (SD 7.0) years). Subjects remembered a list of words while fMRI data were acquired. Later, they had to recognise these words among a list of distractor words. The use of an event related paradigm made it possible to selectively analyse successfully encoded items in each individual. We compared activation for successfully encoded words between healthy elderly subjects and patients with MCI.Results
The main intergroup difference was found in the left hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions for the patients with MCI compared with healthy subjects during successful encoding.Conclusion
These results suggest that in patients with MCI, an increase in MTL activation is necessary for successful memory encoding. Hippocampal activation may help to link newly learned information to items already stored in memory. Increased activation in MTL regions in MCI may reflect a compensatory response to the beginning of AD pathology.Episodic memory, which enables humans to consciously recollect personally experienced past events, is based on at least two fundamental mnemonic operations: memory formation and retrieval. Event related functional MRI (fMRI) provides a unique opportunity to study the neural correlates of these processes and their subcomponents, such as successful and failed encoding.1Studies in young healthy subjects have shown that successful declarative memory formation, measured as the difference in brain activity during encoding between subsequently remembered and forgotten items, is accompanied by increases in activity in medial temporal and inferior prefrontal areas.2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 Structures within the medial temporal lobe (MTL) region, especially hippocampal formation,7,11 are believed to be essential in establishing new memories.Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)12 are characterised by significant memory impairment, which is not severe enough to interfere with usual activities of daily living.13 The majority of patients with MCI go on to develop Alzheimer''s disease (AD).Patients with AD, in comparison with older controls, show consistently decreased MTL activation during encoding of new materials.14,15,16,17 Fewer fMRI studies have investigated MTL encoding activation in patients with MCI,15,16,18 showing inconsistent results. A recent fMRI study showed decreased MTL activation during a memory encoding task.15 However, another study16 found that only a subgroup of subjects with “isolated memory decline” demonstrated decreased hippocampal activation during encoding, whereas still another study19 reported increased MTL activation in cognitively intact individuals genetically at risk for AD. The variability in these fMRI results may be because the groups differed in the degree of impairment and underlying neural pathology.The degree of activation detected by fMRI within MTL regions during encoding strongly correlates with subjects'' subsequent ability to remember the items encoded.2,8 Decreased MTL activation in patients with MCI and AD has been associated with relatively poor performance on post scan memory testing.14,15,17 In contrast, subjects who were genetically at risk for AD, but could successfully perform the fMRI encoding task, showed increased MTL activation. It has been hypothesised that increased MTL activation during successful encoding may represent a compensatory response that allows for relatively normal memory function in the face of developing pathological change19 There is first evidence that elderly subjects with MCI and with a relatively preserved performance in the fMRI memory task show such a compensatory increased hippocampal response in comparison with healthy subjects, while patients with AD who exhibited poorer performance in the task had lower hippocampal activation.20To further examine this question, it is not sufficient to compare general encoding related activation between patients with MCI and healthy subjects as this comparison would be confounded by task performance. Therefore, we used an event related fMRI paradigm, where subjects are instructed to remember visually presented words. According to task performance in subsequent recognition memory tests, all learned items can then be separated into those that are later remembered (subsequent hits) and those that are later forgotten (subsequent misses), individually for each subject. By comparing brain activation between healthy subjects and patients with MCI only for subsequent hits, brain regions can be identified that differ between groups during successful encoding into episodic memory. It has been shown previously that the degree of neural activity increases with the demands of the cognitive task and that the magnitude and spatial extent of brain activation increases with cognitive effort.21,22,23 We hypothesise that successful memory encoding, which should be more demanding for patients with MCI than for healthy elderly subjects, would result in increased MTL activation in patients with MCI. 相似文献3.
Eliane C. Miotto Cary R. Savage Jonathan J. Evans Barbara A. Wilson Maria G.M. Martin Joana B. Balardin Fabio G. Barros Griselda Garrido Manoel J. Teixeira Edson Amaro Junior 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2013
Objective
Memory deficit is a frequent cognitive disorder following acquired prefrontal cortex lesions. In the present study, we investigated the brain correlates of a short semantic strategy training and memory performance of patients with distinct prefrontal cortex lesions using fMRI and cognitive tests.Methods
Twenty-one adult patients with post-acute prefrontal cortex (PFC) lesions, twelve with left dorsolateral PFC (LPFC) and nine with bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (BOFC) were assessed before and after a short cognitive semantic training using a verbal memory encoding paradigm during scanning and neuropsychological tests outside the scanner.Results
After the semantic strategy training both groups of patients showed significant behavioral improvement in verbal memory recall and use of semantic strategies. In the LPFC group, greater activity in left inferior and medial frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus and insula was found after training. For the BOFC group, a greater activation was found in the left parietal cortex, right cingulated and precuneus after training.Conclusion
The activation of these specific areas in the memory and executive networks following cognitive training was associated to compensatory brain mechanisms and application of the semantic strategy. 相似文献4.
Maria Strandberg Christina Elfgren Peter Mannfolk Johan Olsrud Lars Stenberg Danielle van Westen Elna-Marie Larsson Ia Rorsman Kristina K?ll??n 《Brain imaging and behavior》2011,5(1):1-11
We present a comprehensive and clinically applicable fMRI test—including both a verbal and a visuospatial task—for assessment
of hemispheric specific memory in the medial temporal lobe (MTL). fMRI data was collected from 15 healthy right-handed volunteers.
Whole-brain activation was analyzed as well as activation in two regions of interest: the MTL and the anterior speech area.
Laterality indices (LI) and LI-curves were calculated using the LI toolbox of Wilke and Lidzba, 2007. The fMRI paradigms successfully
visualized memory-related activity in the MTL, the verbal memory measure also provided information of language lateralization.
Eleven subjects showed left lateralized verbal encoding in the MTL, visuospatial memory activation was divided equally between
left and right, and 14/15 subjects had left lateralized language. Lateralization data at the group level were consistent with
previous studies, but a variety of activation effects were found at the individual level indicating differences in strategy
during verbal and visuospatial processing. Further studies using the presented method are needed to determine its clinical
usefulness. 相似文献
5.
PURPOSE: To determine the utility of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in preoperative lateralization of memory function in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). METHODS: Nine patients with MTLE underwent standard preoperative assessment including video-EEG and intracarotid amytal testing (IAT). fMRI was performed while subjects encoded four types of stimuli (patterns, faces, scenes, and words). Activation maps were created for each subject representing areas more active for novel than for repeated stimuli. Regions of interest were drawn around the MTL in individual subjects, suprathreshold voxels were counted, and an asymmetry index was calculated. RESULTS: In eight of nine subjects, lateralization of memory encoding by fMRI was concordant with that obtained from the IAT. Group-level analysis demonstrated greater activation in the MTL contralateral to the seizure focus such that in the left MTLE group, verbal encoding engaged the right MTL, whereas in the right MTLE group, nonverbal encoding engaged the left MTL. CONCLUSIONS: fMRI is a valid tool for assessing of memory lateralization in patients with MTLE and may therefore allow noninvasive preoperative evaluation of memory lateralization. FMRI revealed that memory encoding may be reorganized to the contralateral MTL in patients with MTLE. 相似文献
6.
Background and objectives
Memories enter a labile state during recollection. Thus, memory changes that occur during recollection can affect future instances of its activation. Having subjects perform a secondary task that taxes working memory while they recall a negative emotional memory often reduces its vividness and emotional intensity during subsequent recollections. However, researchers have not manipulated the emotional valence of the secondary task itself.Methods
Subjects viewed a video depicting the aftermath of three fatal road traffic accidents, establishing the same negative emotional memory for all subjects. We then tested their memory for the video after randomly assigning them to no secondary task or a delayed match-to-sample secondary task involving photographs of positive, negative, or neutral emotional valence.Results
The positive secondary task reduced memory for details about the video, whereas negative and neutral tasks did not.Limitations
We did not assess the vividness and emotionality of the subjects' memory of the video.Conclusions
Having subjects recall a stressful experience while performing a positively valent secondary task can decrement details of the memory and perhaps its emotionality. 相似文献7.
S.F. Storti E. Formaggio A. Bertoldo P. Manganotti A. Fiaschi G.M. Toffolo 《Clinical neurophysiology》2013,124(11):2108-2118
Objective
Electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be combined to noninvasively map abnormal brain activation elicited by epileptic processes. A major aim was to investigate the impact of a subject-specific hemodynamic response function (HRF) to describe the differences across patients versus the use of a standard model.Methods
We developed and applied on simulated and real data a method designed to choose optimum HRF model for identifying fMRI activation maps. In simulation, the ability of five models to reproduce data was assessed: four standard and an individual-based HRF model (ibHRF). In clinical data, drug-resistant epileptic patients underwent fMRI to investigate hemodynamic responses evoked by interictal activity.Results
When data are simulated with models different from the standard ones, the results obtained with ibHRF are superior to those obtained with the standard HRFs. Results on real data indicate an increase in extent and degree of activation with the ibHRF in comparison of the results obtainable using standard HRFs.Conclusions
The use of the same HRF in all patients is inappropriate and resolves in biased extension of the activation maps.Significance
The new method could represent an useful diagnostic tool for other clinical studies that may be biased because of misspecification of HRF. 相似文献8.
Henseler I Gruber O Kraft S Krick C Reith W Falkai P 《Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN》2008,33(3):209-215
Objective
Behavioural studies have implicated working memory (WM) deficits in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, findings are inconsistent, which could be explained by compensation strategies used by a subgroup of OCD patients. To test this hypothesis, we examined patients without a behavioural deficit in WM during performance of different WM tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Methods
We scaned 11 patients and 11 matched control subjects while they performed 3 verbal and spatial item-recognition tasks.Results
Patients and healthy subjects engaged the same set of brain regions. However, in direct comparison, the patients exhibited significantly greater task-related activation in several frontal and parietal brain areas known to underlie WM.Conclusion
Patients without manifest WM deficits exhibit increased activation in frontal and parietal brain areas relative to healthy subjects during WM task performance. These hyperactivations may permit them to compensate for reduced efficiency of their WM systems and may thus serve as markers of latent WM dysfunctions.Medical subject headings: obsessive–compulsive disorder, memory, magnetic resonance imaging, cognition 相似文献9.
R. Palomo M. Casals-Coll G. Sánchez-Benavides M. Quintana R.M. Manero T. Rognoni L. Calvo F. Aranciva F. Tamayo J. Peña-Casanova 《Neurología (Barcelona, Spain)》2013
Introduction
The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) are widely used in clinical practice. The ROCF assesses visual perception, constructional praxis, and visuo-spatial memory. The FCSRT assesses verbal learning and memory.Objective
In this study, as part of the Spanish normative studies project in young adults (NEURONORMA young adults), we present age- and education-adjusted normative data for both tests obtained by using linear regression techniques.Material and methods
The sample consisted of 179 healthy participants ranging in age from 18 to 49 years. We provide tables for converting raw scores to scaled scores in addition to tables with scores adjusted by socio-demographic factors.Results
The results showed that education affects scores for some of the memory tests and the figure-copying task. Age was only found to have an effect on the performance of visuo-spatial memory tests, and the effect of sex was negligible.Conclusions
The normative data obtained will be extremely useful in the clinical neuropsychological evaluation of young Spanish adults. 相似文献10.
Woo Jung Kim Ra Yeon Ha Ja Yeun Sun Vin Ryu Su Jin Lee Kyooseob Ha Hyun-Sang Cho 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the overgeneralization of autobiographical memory (AM) in bipolar disorder (BD) and assess its association with multiple cognitive domains.Method
Twenty-eight clinically stable bipolar I patients and an equal number of age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were included. All participants were examined using the autobiographical memory test (AMT) and the neuropsychological battery including the general intelligence, attention, verbal memory, verbal fluency, visual memory, and executive functions domain. Demographic, clinical, and test variables were compared between BD and HC groups. Correlation analyses of AMT scores with cognitive functions were performed within each group, controlling for demographic and clinical variables.Results
Total and negative scores of AMT were significantly lower in BD patients compared to HC individuals. AMT scores were significantly correlated with WAIS similarities, WCST perseverative errors, and WCST categories completed in BD, whereas AMT scores were correlated with verbal memory and verbal fluency in HC.Conclusion
Our findings suggest that overgeneral AM is a characteristic of BD and is related to executive function. Future studies should investigate the benefit of additional treatment focusing on overgeneral AM in BD. 相似文献11.
Friederike Rampacher Leonhard Lennertz Andrea Vogeley Svenja Schulze-Rauschenbach Norbert Kathmann Peter Falkai Michael Wagner 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2010
Objective
Neuropsychological studies comparing cognitive performance in patients suffering from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) or Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) revealed deficits in the domains of verbal fluency and viso-motor speed/set shifting in both groups. Spatial working memory deficits, however, have been identified as specific markers of OCD. As yet, it has not been substantiated whether deficits in visual organization and complex visual memory are also specific to OCD and are not shared by MDD.Method
Test performance in seven cognitive domains was assessed in 40 OCD patients, 20 MDD patients, and 40 healthy controls. Patient groups were matched according to severity of depressive symptoms.Results
Deficits shared by both patient groups, as compared to controls, were found in delayed spatial recall and verbal fluency while verbal memory was normal in both patient groups. Only patients with OCD, but not MDD patients were impaired in the domains visual memory, viso-motor speed/set shifting, visual organization, and problem solving. In addition, OCD patients differed significantly from MDD subjects in visual organization and problem solving. Visual organization scores correlated significantly with severity of current compulsions in the OCD group (r = −.324).Conclusions
OCD patients demonstrate difficulties in visual organization and mental manipulation of complex visual material, which are not accounted for by depressive symptoms and which constitute a specific cognitive deficit of the disorder. 相似文献12.
Najat Saddiki Sophie Hennion Romain Viard Nassima Ramdane Renaud Lopes Marc Baroncini William Szurhaj Nicolas Reyns Jean Pierre Pruvo Christine Delmaire 《Journal of neuroradiology. Journal de neuroradiologie》2018,45(3):157-163
Purpose
Medial lobe temporal structures and more specifically the hippocampus play a decisive role in episodic memory. Most of the memory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies evaluate the encoding phase; the retrieval phase being performed outside the MRI. We aimed to determine the ability to reveal greater hippocampal fMRI activations during retrieval phase.Materials and methods
Thirty-five epileptic patients underwent a two-step memory fMRI. During encoding phase, subjects were requested to identify the feminine or masculine gender of faces and words presented, in order to encourage stimulus encoding. One hour after, during retrieval phase, subjects had to recognize the word and face. We used an event-related design to identify hippocampal activations.Results
There was no significant difference between patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy, patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy and patients with extratemporal lobe epilepsy on verbal and visual learning task. For words, patients demonstrated significantly more bilateral hippocampal activation for retrieval task than encoding task and when the tasks were associated than during encoding alone. Significant difference was seen between face-encoding alone and face retrieval alone.Conclusions
This study demonstrates the essential contribution of the retrieval task during a fMRI memory task but the number of patients with hippocampal activations was greater when the two tasks were taken into account. 相似文献13.
Kikul J Van Allen TS Exner C 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2012,43(3):863-870
Background and Objectives
Previous studies have demonstrated that some individuals suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are impaired in verbal memory performance. This study was designed to investigate the role of cognitive self-consciousness (CSC) as a putative underlying mechanism of these cognitive deficits.Methods
Verbal memory performance of 36 participants with OCD, 36 individuals with major depression disorder (MDD) and 36 healthy controls was assessed with the California Verbal Learning Test under three different experimental conditions: (1) single-task condition, (2) while simultaneously focusing on their thoughts (CSC condition), (3) while simultaneously focusing on external stimuli (dual-task condition).Results
Memory performance in the CSC condition and in the dual-task condition was reduced compared to single-task condition but no interaction effect was found.Limitations
It remains unclear whether CSC and other concepts with an inward self-referential focus of attention (e.g. rumination) differ in the way they influence cognitive performance.Conclusions
These results confirm the deteriorating influence of heightened CSC on verbal memory encoding but suggest that the effect is not specific to OCD. 相似文献14.
Objectives
Impaired response inhibition underlies symptoms and altered functioning in patients with bipolar disorders (BD). The interpretation of fMRI studies requires an accurate estimation of neurocognitive performance, for which individual studies are typically underpowered. Thus, we performed the first combined meta-analysis of fMRI activations and neurocognitive performance in studies investigating response inhibition in BD.Methods
We used signed differential mapping to combine anatomical coordinates of activation and standardized differences between means to evaluate neurocognitive performance in 30 fMRI studies of response inhibition comparing controls (n = 667) and patients with BD (n = 635).Results
Relative to controls, BD patients underactivated the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) regardless of current mood state and behavioral performance. Unique to euthymia were cortical hyperactivations (left superior temporal, right middle frontal gyri) combined with subcortical hypoactivations (basal ganglia), whereas unique to mania were subcortical hyperactivations (bilateral basal ganglia), combined with cortical hypoactivations (right inferior and medial frontal gyri). The fMRI changes in euthymia were associated with normal cognitive performance, whereas manic patients committed more errors during response inhibition.Conclusions
The rIFG hypoactivations were congruent with a BD trait, which may underlie the impaired response inhibition in mania. Euthymic BD subjects may compensate for the rIFG hypoactivations by hyperactivations of adjacent cortical areas, yielding comparable performance in inhibitory functions and suggesting possibilities for neuromodulation treatment of these cognitive impairments. The reversal of the activation pattern between mania and euthymia has implications for monitoring of treatment response and identification of imminent relapse. 相似文献15.
Hong Li Caihong Ji Lujia Zhu Peiyu Huang Biao Jiang Xiaojun Xu Jianzhong Sun Zhong Chen Meiping Ding Minming Zhang Shuang Wang 《Clinical neurophysiology》2017,128(5):830-838
Objective
To investigate the pattern of functional demarcation of hippocampal network and its relationship with memory performance in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis.Methods
Resting state fMRI data were acquired from fifteen left mTLE patients, fourteen right mTLE patients and twenty healthy subjects. We explore the hippocampal-cortical alterations and corresponding inter-hemispheric functional connectivity (FC) across anterior and posterior hippocampal networks. The association between FC and memory performance was assessed.Results
Left mTLE showed increased intra-hemispheric FC in anterior hippocampal networks, including left anterior hippocampal-entorhinal cortex and right anterior hippocampal-orbitofrontal cortex, and decreased inter-hemispheric FC between anterior hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. Right mTLE was associated with extensive reduction in inter-hemispheric FC along the areas of anterior and posterior hippocampal networks. Intra-hemispheric FC between left anterior hippocampus and entorhinal cortex was positively correlated with verbal memory in left mTLE. Inter-hemispheric FC between posterior parahippocampal gyrus was negatively correlated with verbal memory in right mTLE.Conclusions
Our findings suggested that left and right mTLE exhibit different neural reorganization patterns of anterior and posterior hippocampal networks associated with verbal memory.Significance
The findings may facilitate the characterization of mTLE associated with memory deficit. 相似文献16.
Objectives
We investigated whether incomprehensible high-speed auditory speech stimulation was processed and interacted with visual-word discrimination processing. We hypothesised that an interaction might indicate the capacity of working memory (WM) to perform the temporal processing of auditory verbal information.Methods
We recorded P300 for a visual-word discrimination Oddball paradigm in 14 healthy subjects. Auditory speech and reversed speech stimulation were presented at various speeds as task-irrelevant stimuli during the P300 tasks.Results
The P300 latency was prolonged under forward high-speed speech stimuli (×2.5 and ×3.5) compared with the standard speed and white noise, but there was no effect of reversed speech stimuli on the P300 latency during the word-discrimination paradigm.Conclusions
We considered that high-speed speech stimulation was processed without conscious comprehension and competed with verbal processing during the visual-word-discrimination task, possibly by interfering with the use of WM.Significance
The present study shows the capacity of the brain to process high-speed verbal stimulation and the interaction with a visual-verbal task. 相似文献17.
Kerstin H. Kipp Axel Mecklinger Martina Becker Wolfgang Reith Ludwig Gortner 《Clinical neurophysiology》2010,121(12):2007-2016
Objective
According to a widespread opinion the vast majority of infant febrile seizures (IFS) are harmless. However, IFS are often associated with hippocampal sclerosis, which should lead to deficient episodic memory with spared context-free semantic memories. Although IFS represent the most common convulsive disorder in children, these consequences are rarely examined.Methods
We measured the hippocampal volume of 17 IFS children (7–9 years old) and an age-matched control group on the basis of MR images. Furthermore, we examined episodic and semantic memory performance with standardized neuropsychological tests. Two processes underlying recognition memory, namely familiarity and recollection, were assessed by means of event-related potentials (ERP).Results
The IFS children did not show a decreased hippocampus volume. Intelligence, working memory, semantic and episodic memory were intact. However, ERP indices of recognition memory subprocesses revealed deficits in recollection-based remembering that presumably relies on the integrity of the hippocampus, whereas familiarity-based remembering seemed to be intact.Conclusions
Although hippocampus volume remains unaffected, IFS seems to induce functional changes in the MTL memory network, characterized by a compensation of recollection by familiarity-based remembering.Significance
This study significantly adds to the debate on the consequences of IFS by differentiating the impact on memory processing. 相似文献18.
J. Peña-Casanova M. Casals-Coll M. Quintana G. Sánchez-Benavides T. Rognoni L. Calvo R. Palomo F. Aranciva F. Tamayo R.M. Manero 《Neurología (Barcelona, Spain)》2012
Introduction
In clinical neuropsychology, normative data are necessary to relate the performance of a subject to a reference group. These normative data should be collected from a pertinent population taking into account sociodemographic and cultural factors.Objective
This paper describes the methods and sample characteristics of a series of Spanish normative studies on young adults (NEURONORMA young adults Project). The normative information was based on a series of selected, commonly used, neuropsychological tests covering attention, language, visual-perceptual abilities, constructional tasks, memory, and executive functions.Material and methods
A sample of 179 cognitively normal subjects from 18 to 49 years was studied. Demographics, socio-cultural, and medical data were collected. The statistical procedure used in the normative studies is described.Results
Sociodemographic, family background, health habits, medical history and use of drugs are presented.Conclusions
The use of these norms should improve neuropsychological diagnostic accuracy in young Spanish subjects. These data may also be of considerable use for comparisons with other normative studies. 相似文献19.
Moens M Droogmans S Spapen H De Smedt A Brouns R Van Schuerbeek P Luypaert R Poelaert J Nuttin B 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2012,114(2):135-141
Object
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a well-known treatment option for intractable neuropathic pain after spinal surgery, but its pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly stated. The goal of this study is to analyse the feasibility of using brain MRI, functional MRI (fMRI) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) as tools to analyse these mechanisms in patients with externalised neurostimulators during trial period.Methods
The authors conducted in an in vitro and in vivo study analysing safety issues when performing brain MRI, fMRI and MRS investigations in human subjects with externalised SCS. Temperature measurements in vitro were performed simulating SCS during MRI sequences using head transmit-receive coils in 1.5 and 3 T MRI systems. 40 Patients with externalised SCS were included in the in vivo study. 20 patients underwent brain MRI, fMRI and another 20 patients underwent brain MRI and MRS.Results
A maximal temperature increase of 0.2 °C was measured and neither electrode displacements nor hardware failures were observed. None of the patients undergoing the MRS sequences at the 1.5 or 3 T MRI scanners described any discomfort or unusual sensations.Conclusion
We can conclude that brain MRI, fMRI and MRS studies performed in patients with externalised SCS can be safely executed. 相似文献20.
Patrik Andersson Nick F. Ramsey Max A. Viergever Josien P.W. Pluim 《Clinical neurophysiology》2013,124(11):2191-2197