羊膜卷填塞治疗角膜穿孔羊膜的演变及对角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的 观察羊膜卷填塞联合C3F8气体填充治疗角膜穿孔术后羊膜的演变及其对角膜内皮细胞的影响.方法 因各种原因所致角膜穿孔而施行羊膜卷填塞联合前房C3F8气体填充术共56例（56眼）.术中以20％C3F8气体填充前房.术后观察前房深度、房水渗漏情况、气泡维持时间、角膜内皮细胞密度及形态,以及羊膜卷与角膜融合情况.结果 56例角膜穿孔均得到修复,羊膜卷无脱落,术后2个月时羊膜卷与角膜逐渐融合,其间无明显缝隙,C3F8气体在前房存留时间5～16 d,平均（8.2±4.8）d.术前与术后1个月、2个月时角膜内皮细胞密度差异均无统计学意义（t=1.02,1.71,P ＞0.05）,六角形细胞比例术后1个月时低于术前（t=2.13,P＜0.05）,术后1个月与术后2个月时差异无统计学意义（t=1.65,P＞0.05）.结论 羊膜卷填塞联合前房C3F8气体填充可有效修复角膜穿孔,术后羊膜卷与角膜融合好,C3F8气体能较长时间维持前房深度,防止房水渗漏,对角膜内皮细胞影响甚小.     

羊膜填塞法联合配戴软性角膜接触镜治疗角膜溃疡穿孔

目的:观察羊膜填塞法联合配戴软性角膜接触镜治疗角膜溃疡性穿孔的临床效果,了解此方法的有效性、安全性和局限性。方法:对11例(11眼)感染性角膜溃疡穿孔的患者采用羊膜填塞治疗。其中,真菌性角膜溃疡穿孔3眼,病毒性角膜溃疡穿孔2眼,细菌性角膜溃疡穿孔5眼,单疱病毒性合并细菌感染者1眼。溃疡穿孔范围0.5～2mm。用羊膜填塞穿孔、用另一羊膜覆盖于整个角膜表面,配戴软性角膜接触镜。结果:术后1d,11例患者前房均形成,穿孔区密闭良好,随访期间前房深度正常。手术后6wk有完好上皮覆盖,穿孔区角膜厚度逐渐增加,溃疡周边炎症反应减退。术后5mo溃疡瘢痕愈合,溃疡区的角膜厚度稳定。11眼术后视力均有不同程度提高。随访期间未出现复发及严重的并发症。结论:羊膜填塞法联合配戴软性角膜接触镜治疗<2mm的角膜溃疡性穿孔是有效、安全的,但此方法术后角膜溃疡是瘢痕愈合,适用于穿孔区非角膜中央的患者。     

应用生物羊膜填塞缝合固定术治疗偏中心角膜穿孔

目的探讨生物羊膜填塞缝合固定术治疗偏中心角膜穿孔的疗效。方法应用生物羊膜制作成羊膜塞,对9例偏中心角膜穿孔患者行羊膜填塞缝合固定联合羊膜覆盖术治疗。其中,真菌性角膜溃疡穿孔2例,陈旧性病毒性角膜炎角膜白斑穿孔4例,角膜异物取出术后穿孔3例。结果9眼术后早期无羊膜塞脱出或脱入前房,覆盖的羊膜移植片透明完整,未见溶解和脱落,真菌性角膜溃疡者术后7～10天炎症控制稳定,溃疡消失,角膜穿孔愈合,前房形成。4周内均形成完好的角膜上皮覆盖,羊膜塞与周边角膜组织愈合良好。术后三个月随访显示,羊膜塞位置正常,无排斥或向前房内脱落,穿孔瘢痕愈合形成角膜翳,角膜透明度正常。视力由术前的0.02-0.1提高到0.5-1.0。验光检查:-0.25±0.47D。结论生物羊膜填塞缝合固定术治疗角膜穿孔是一种取材容易,操作简单,行之有效的治疗方法。     

羊膜移植联合结膜瓣遮盖术治疗深层细菌性角膜溃疡

目的探讨羊膜移植联合结膜瓣遮盖(复式遮盖)术治疗深层细菌性角膜溃疡的可行性,并对其疗效进行评价。方法观察角膜深层溃疡濒临穿孔患者30例(30只眼),分为复式遮盖和单纯遮盖组(单纯羊膜移植术),手术清创后采用抗体阴性无菌处理后的新鲜羊膜,于角膜深基质层溃疡底层放置2~3层羊膜,并将邻近的结膜瓣加压遮盖于羊膜表面,随访3~10个月,观察角膜溃疡愈合情况。结果复式遮盖组的15只眼,术后有2只眼结膜瓣回退,再次行球结膜覆盖;有1只眼羊膜自行溶解,无1例穿孔,溃疡均治愈,视力提高0.1以上8只眼。单式移植组中1周后羊膜脱落7只只眼,视力提高0.1以上2只眼。结论羊膜移植能促进角膜溃疡快速修复,减少瘢痕形成,为角膜溃疡缺损区提供理想的基底膜,在其上加固球结膜瓣(复式遮盖)可促进局部血液循环并使药物向溃疡处缓慢渗透,达到控制炎症预防角膜穿孔的目的。     

多层羊膜移植治疗角膜溃疡性穿孔

目的: 观察多层羊膜移植治疗角膜溃疡性穿孔的临床效果, 了解此方法的有效性、安全性和局限性。方法: 对 6 例(6 眼)角膜溃疡性穿孔的患者采用多层羊膜移植治疗, 溃疡穿孔范围 0.5￣2mm。用羊膜填塞穿孔、铺平溃疡并覆盖于溃疡表面。术后随访 5～19mo。结果: 术后 1d6 位患者的前房均形成, 随访期间深度正常且始终未消失。羊膜植片手术后 3wk 上皮化。手术后 1mo内, 穿孔区角膜厚度逐渐增加, 溃疡周边的浸润也逐渐吸收。术后 2mo 溃疡瘢痕愈合, 有新生血管长入, 表面光滑;溃疡区的角膜厚度稳定, 恢复正常。术后 6 例视力均无提高。随访期间溃疡未出现复发及严重的并发症。结论: 多层羊膜移植治疗较小的角膜溃疡性穿孔是有效、安全的, 但此方法术后角膜溃疡是瘢痕愈合。     

羊膜填塞联合前房C3F8注气术治疗外伤性角膜穿孔

目的:探讨羊膜填塞联合前房C3F8注气术治疗外伤性角膜缺损并穿孔的疗效。方法:应用甘油冷冻保存羊膜制作成羊膜卷,对5例外伤性角膜缺损并穿孔患者行羊膜填塞联合前房C3F8注气术治疗。结果:术后前房形成好,羊膜卷无脱出或脱入前房,角膜缺损逐渐愈合。视力均得到提高,术前视力均小于0.1,术后3mo时,有3例视力>0.5,1例0.3,1例0.08。结论:羊膜填塞联合前房C3F8注气术治疗外伤性角膜缺损并穿孔是一种简便易行,疗效较好的治疗方法。     

多层羊膜填塞联合带蒂结膜瓣移植治疗角膜溃疡穿孔

目的 探讨多层羊膜填塞联合带蒂结膜瓣移植,在治疗难治性角膜溃疡穿孔中的临床治疗效果.方法 采用多层羊膜填塞联合带蒂结膜瓣移植治疗难治性角膜溃疡穿孔30例(30只眼),包括单疱病毒性角膜炎反复发作致穿孔12例;细菌性角膜溃疡穿孔9例;真菌性角膜溃疡穿孔4例;角膜移植术后植片溶解穿孔3例;角膜热烧伤致溃疡穿孔2例.术后随访3月至2年.结果 28例角膜溃疡穿孔愈合,溃疡区遗留下不同程度的瘢痕,视力有不同程度的提高.2例曲霉菌感染的角膜溃疡穿孔术后感染不能控制,行治疗性角膜移植.总有效率93.33%.结论 多层羊膜填塞联合带蒂结膜瓣移植能够较好地治疗各种原因所致角膜溃疡穿孔,为后期的角膜复明性手术提供机会.     

羊膜移植治疗角膜深层溃疡

目的探讨羊膜移植治疗深层角膜溃疡的可行性。方法采用新鲜多层羊膜移植治疗深层角膜溃疡22例（22眼）。其中细菌性角膜溃疡14眼（角膜穿孔3眼）,病毒性角膜溃疡8眼,术后随访6～19个月。结果22眼中20眼治愈,2眼复发。术后均未见新鲜羊膜移植片急性排斥反应,术后3～15d,炎症控制,疼痛消失,4～5周角膜上皮愈合,溃疡灶留下不同程度的瘢痕。角膜基质厚度正常,18眼视力不同程度提高。结论羊膜移植是治疗深层角膜溃疡的有效方法。     

羊膜移植联合结膜瓣遮盖治疗小儿细菌性角膜溃疡穿孔的研究

目的:探讨羊膜移植联合结膜瓣遮盖治疗小儿细菌性角膜溃疡穿孔的可行性。方法:采用新鲜羊膜移植联合结膜瓣遮盖治疗小儿细菌性角膜溃疡穿孔5例(5眼),术后随访6～24mo。结果:全部患眼治愈,未见复发。术后均未见新鲜羊膜移植片急性排斥反应,炎症控制。4～5wk角膜上皮愈合,2眼视力不同程度提高。结论:羊膜移植联合结膜瓣遮盖是治疗小儿细菌性角膜溃疡穿孔的有效方法。     

角膜溃疡多层羊膜移植术后早期组织病理学与临床分析

目的观察角膜溃疡多层羊膜移植术后羊膜与角膜早期组织病理学形态与临床特点。方法角膜溃疡患者23例(23眼),以多层羊膜填塞溃疡面,单层羊膜覆盖角膜表面,10-0线间断缝合于角膜缘。角膜组织行病理学检查,裂隙灯观察角膜溃疡变化,并观察术后并发症。结果 21例患者角膜溃疡愈合;2例患者溃疡穿孔再次行光学性角膜移植术,其中1眼继发青光眼。无其他并发症发生。HE染色羊膜呈染色均一结构,18d多层羊膜排列整齐,层次清晰,角膜基质内少量炎性粒细胞浸润,羊膜表面角膜上皮化;30d多层羊膜彼此融合,层次不清,羊膜与角膜基质界限模糊,少量新生血管形成,角膜厚度均一。结论多层羊膜移植后羊膜与角膜基质可有效整合,增加角膜厚度,阻止溃疡穿孔,抑制炎症,促进溃疡愈合。     

超声乳化联合前房角分离治疗伴白内障的青光眼

目的：：观察晶状体超声乳化联合前房角分离术对伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼患者的治疗效果。方法：无并发症伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼50例50眼,施行晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合前房角分离术。术后随访3mo,记录并比较术前及术后最佳矫正视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角。各指标均采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,术前及术后3mo的最佳矫正视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角的情况进行比较。结果：术后3 mo的最佳矫正视力较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义( t=8.76, P=0.001);术后3 mo 的眼压为15.63±3.11mmHg,较术前(45.12±5.30mmHg)明显下降,差异有统计学意义(t=6.27,P=0.000);术后3mo的前房深度为3.57±0.02mm,较术前(1.43±0.25mm)明显加深,差异有统计学意义(t=8.16,P=0.001);术前、术后前房角情况的比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.432,P=0.000;Z=-2.432,P=0.016;Z=-4.379,P=0.000;Z=-4.538, P=0.000)。结论：晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合前房角分离术治疗伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼,能够有效控制眼压,提高视力,是一种安全、有效的手术方法。     

环喷托酯在屈光参差儿童散瞳验光中的应用

目的比较分析1%盐酸环喷托酯与1%阿托品对3~12岁屈光参差儿童散瞳验光效果。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象2010年10月~2011年2月在北京同仁医院眼科斜弱视门诊就诊的3~12岁屈光参差儿童40例(80眼)。方法对以上40例患儿按年龄分成3组,即3~6岁组,7~9岁组和10~12岁组。全部患儿均首先用1%盐酸环喷托酯进行散瞳验光,待其瞳孔完全恢复正常(1周后)再行1%阿托品散瞳验光,比较两种方法的验光结果。主要指标屈光值(球镜度数、柱镜度数及轴向)。结果用1%盐酸环喷托酯散瞳验光结果(球镜:+1.18 D±4.90 D,柱镜:+1.47 D±1.16 D,散光轴向:80.50°±38.62°)与用1%阿托品散瞳验光结果(球镜:+1.20 D±4.91 D,柱镜:+1.47 D±1.15 D,散光轴向:80.06°±38.48°)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。在80眼中,球镜值相同或相差≤0.50 D者77眼,符合率为96.25%;柱镜值在69眼中,结果相同或相差≤0.50 D者65眼,符合率为94.20%;散光轴向在69眼中,结果相同或相差≤5°者67眼,符合率为97.10%。三个年龄组间的球镜、柱镜和散光轴向符合率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 1%盐酸环喷托酯可以替代1%阿托品用于3~12岁屈光参差儿童散瞳验光,其结果可以作为配镜的依据。     

滤过试验结合可拆缝线在小梁切除术中的应用

目的　探讨小梁切除术术中做滤过试验结合可拆缝线的应用对预测和控制术后滤过量及预防浅前房的疗效。方法　对 92例 ( 113眼 )原发性青光眼 ,在小梁切除术术中根据滤过试验结果来决定固定缝线和可拆缝线缝合的位置和数量。术后 1～ 7天 ,抽出可拆缝线。回顾性总结术中缝合种类、数量及术后前房深度、眼压、滤过泡、视野。结果　术中 40眼 ( 3 5 40 % )采用一针固定缝线和一至二针可拆缝线 ,5 1眼 ( 45 14 % )采用二针固定缝线和一至二针可拆缝线。术后无一例持续性浅前房。术后第 7天眼压平均 13 5± 3 3 0mmHg。追踪观察 6～ 2 4个月 ,形成功能性滤过泡 89眼( 78 76% ) ,眼压控制 <2 1mmHg 91眼 ( 80 5 3 % ) ,视野不变 98眼 ( 86 73 % )。结论　小梁切除术术中根据滤过试验的结果 ,通过对固定缝线和可拆缝线缝合的位置和数量的选择能有效预测和控制术后滤过量并预防术后浅前房     

Bilateral CNV associated with optic nerve drusen treated with photodynamic therapy with verteporfin

PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with optic nerve drusen (OND) treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin. METHODS: A 10-year-old girl with juxtapapillary CNV in the right eye and juxtapapillary and juxtafoveal CNV in the left eye associated with OND underwent PDT with verteporfin in both eyes. RESULTS: Visual acuity increased from 20/160 to 20/25 in the right eye and from 20/1000 to 20/25 in the left eye after two sessions of PDT and 2 years of follow-up. CNV showed no leakage after two PDT sessions in both eyes and no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Subfoveal CNV is an uncommon complication of OND and excellent anatomic and functional results can be obtained with PDT.     

合并成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎与HLA-B27的相关性研究

目的 探讨急性渗出性前葡萄膜炎与HLA-B27的相关性。方法 对53例前房内出现成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎（AAUPE）患者及61例前房内无成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎（AAU）患者进行HLA-B27的检测,并结合临床表现加以分析。结果 成型性渗出的AAUPE患者的HLA-B27阳性率为100％,而无成型性渗出的AAU患者的HLA-B27阳性率仅为50.8％。二者有显著差异性（P<0.01）。两组HLA-B27阳性的病人强直性脊柱炎发生率分别为50.0％和42.9％。结论 结果进一步证实了HLA-B27与成型性渗出密切相关的论点。提示检测AAU患者HLA-B27的阳性率,发现成型性渗出裂隙灯检查似与血清法检测同样准确。     

小梁切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗青光眼合并白内障

目的：观察小梁切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除术在原发性闭角型青光眼(包括急性闭角型青光眼与慢性闭角型青光眼)合并白内障患者中的临床治疗效果及对并发症的影响。

方法：选取2014-01/2016-07在我院诊治的青光眼合并白内障患者60例60眼,采用随机数字方法分为对照组(30例30眼)和观察组(30例30眼)。对照组采用小梁切除术治疗,观察组采用小梁切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除治疗,比较两组临床效果及并发症发生率情况。

结果：观察组术后视力与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 观察组术后眼压水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 观察组术后前房深度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 观察组术后并发症发生率为7%,显著低于对照组的23%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者在小梁切除术基础上联合超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗效果理想,并发症发生率相对较低。     

Levodopa-carbidopa with occlusion in older children with amblyopia

PURPOSE: To study the role of levodopa-carbidopa in supplementing occlusion therapy in older children with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: A clinical study was performed on 40 amblyopic children (19 strabismic and 21 anisometropic), 6 to 18 years old (mean age, 10.9 years). They received an average dose of 1.86 mg/kg/day (1.33-2.36 mg/kg/day) of levodopa and carbidopa (4:1 ratio) or a placebo in 3 divided doses over a 4-week period, combined with full-time occlusion. The occlusion was continued for the study duration of 3 months. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity charts and Cambridge low-contrast gratings for contrast sensitivity (CS) were used to assess visual functions. Tolerance and compliance with occlusion and capsule consumption were assessed. RESULTS: Visual acuity of the nonamblyopic eye did not deteriorate during the study in either group. CS decreased by 22 units in the levodopa group and increased in the placebo group by 53 units at the first month. The CS in the levodopa group recovered later by the third month of follow-up. Both the levodopa and the placebo groups showed significant improvement in visual function in the amblyopic eye (P <.001). Overall changes in logarithm of minimum angle of resolution values and CS in the amblyopic eyes were similar in both groups (P >.05). Strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes did not behave differently. Drug tolerance, occlusion compliance, and capsule ingestion compliance were similar between the groups, with no significant side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically, levodopa supplementation does not offer any advantage over occlusion alone. Moreover, the risk of occlusion amblyopia could increase with the use of drugs like levodopa that might affect the plasticity of the visual cortex.     

Phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C in patients with uveitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for the management of uveitic complications. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of the records of 23 consecutive eyes with chronic noninfectious uveitis (uveitic group) and 43 nonuveitic eyes (control group) that had received primary phacotrabeculectomy. Mitomycin C was used in all the uveitic eyes. Considering the high preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) of the uveitic group, nonuveitic eyes that had a preoperative IOP of >or=20 mm Hg or that had been given two or more medications were included in the control group. All patients were followed for at least one year. The main outcome measures were postoperative vision, IOP control, complications, and acute uveitis relapse rates. RESULTS: Visual outcome of the uveitic group was similar to the control group. In the uveitic group, the success rate of IOP control (91.3% at one year, 84.8% at two years) was favorable but was significantly lower than in the control group (P = .0423). Complications were comparable between the groups. Primary surgical failure in the uveitic group was associated with the postoperative acute uveitis attack. In the uveitic group, the acute uveitis attack rate showed no change after surgery (P = .283). CONCLUSION: With adequate inflammation suppression, phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C is an effective and safe therapeutic option for the management of secondary cataract and glaucoma in uveitic eyes. A lower surgical success rate of the uveitic group might be attributable to the postoperative inflammation recurrence.     

Epikeratoplasty with nonlyophilized tissue in children with aphakia

We studied 75 epikeratoplasty procedures using nonlyophilized tissue performed by eight ophthalmic surgeons in 70 eyes (47 patients) to correct for aphakia in children less than 8 years of age (mean age, 3.4 +/- 2.1 years). Of the 47 patients in the study, 24 were girls and 23 were boys; 23 patients had bilateral surgery. Seven of the epigrafts required removal; two were not replaced, and five underwent successful repeat epikeratoplasty. Overall, the success rate (that is, the percentage of epigrafts that remained optically and functionally clear throughout the course of this study) for the epikeratoplasty procedure was 89% (62 of 70 eyes) for initial surgery and 96% (67 of 70 eyes) for repeat surgery. The average spherical equivalent was +14.4 +/- 3.7 diopters preoperatively and +0.3 +/- 2.9 diopters one year after the operation. One year after the final surgical procedure, 42 of 56 eyes (75%) were within 3 diopters of emmetropia. In the 29 verbal patients, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/100 or better in 25 (86.2%) one year after the operation.