A Japanese herbal medicine, Chujo-to, has a beneficial effect on osteoporosis in rats

The inhibitory effects of a Japanese herbal medicine, Chujo-to, on the progress of bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats were investigated. Ovariectomized rats were administered with Chujo-to during weeks 7-14 after ovariectomy. At 14 weeks, the bone mineral density of the tibia from ovariectomized (OVX) rats had decreased by 27% compared with those in the sham-operated rats, and by a 18%-21% and 16% decrease after the administration of Chujo-to and 17 beta-oestradiol, respectively. The surface of a trabecular bone of the tibia in ovariectomized rats had a porous and fibrous appearance, while that of the same bone in sham-operated rats was composed of fine particles. After the administration of Chujo-to or 17 beta-oestradiol, the surface of trabecular bone maintained the porous and fibrous appearance. The uterine weight was not restored by Chujo-to but by 17 beta-oestradiol. These results suggest that Chujo-to has an efficacy on the osteoporosis of rats similar to 17 beta-oestradiol, but with a different mechanism.     

Anti-hypersensitivity effects of Shu-jing-huo-xue-tang, a Chinese herbal medicine, in CCI-neuropathic rats

Aim of the study

Shu-jing-huo-xue-tang (SJHXT) (Japanese name: Sokei-kakketu-to), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine composed of 17 crude drugs, has been prescribed over hundreds of years for treatment of chronic pain syndromes. We evaluated if oral SJHXT could suppress neuropathic pain behaviors in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve.

Materials and methods

(1) Rats received repeated oral SJHXT 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg once daily for 14 days starting 24 h after CCI surgery, while neuropathic manifestations were evaluated until day 20 post-CCI. (2) Other groups of rats received single oral SJHXT 1.0 g/kg on day 14 post-CCI. (3) Additional groups of rats received oral SJHXT 1.0 g/kg on day 14 post-CCI, concomitantly with intraperitoneal yohimbine 1 mg/kg or methysergide 5 mg/kg. Neuropathic manifestations, including mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, were evaluated with paw withdrawal responses to increasing mechanical pressure and radiant heat, respectively.

Results

Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia developed by day 14 post-CCI. Repeated oral SJHXT for 14 days produced anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects that outlasted the period of drug administration. Single oral SJHXT on day 14 also produced significant anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects, which were inhibited by yohimbine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, but not by methysergide, a serotonin receptor antagonist.

Conclusions

Oral SJHXT produced anti-hypersensitivity effects by actions on alpha-2 adrenoreceptors in CCI-neuropathic rats, and chronic oral administration of SJHXT could produce the long-lasting anti-hypersensitivity effects.     

Suppressive effects of a Chinese herbal medicine qing-luo-yin extract on the angiogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis in rats

Qing-Luo-Yin (QLY), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, is a combination of the extracts of Sophora flavescens Ait., Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Sinomenium acutum Rehd. et Wils. and Dioscorea hypoglauca Palib. The suppressive effect of QLY on the development of angiogenesis was investigated in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). QLY (0.3 g/kg) was orally administered daily for 27 days. Neo-angiogenesis, pannus and cartilage damage, the expression of metalloproteinases (MMP)-3 messenger RNA (mRNA) and the level of the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in the synovium were examined by histology, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemiscal assays, respectively. It was observed that the articular morphological alterations, the over-expression of MMP-3 mRNA and the reduced production of TIMP-1 in CIA rats were significantly ameliorated by QLY. QLY performed about as effectively as tripterygium glycosidorum tablets (0.1 g/kg) extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.. These results indicate that QLY exerts a suppressive effect on the angiogenesis of CIA rats, and suggest that the therapeutic effect of QLY could be due to restoring the balance of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in rheumatoid synovium.     

The effects of the Chinese herbal medicine EMF01 on salicylate-induced tinnitus in rats

Aim of the study

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been reported to successfully alleviate tinnitus, although well-controlled studies have not been conducted. In this study, we attempted to test a TCM, Er Ming Fang (EMF01) containing Rehmannia glutinosa, Cornus officinalis, Salvia mittiorrhiza, Pueraria, Schisandra chinensis, Poria cocos and Platycodon grandiflorum, on salicylate-induced tinnitus in rats, using a conditioned lick suppression paradigm.

Materials and methods

A pilot study examined the effect of 8.75 g/kg and 17.5 g/kg EMF01 (delivered by oral gavage for 20 days) and showed a slight decrease in the suppression ratio (SR) in the 8.75 g/kg group. In order to confirm the possible effect of EMF01 on tinnitus at 8.75 g/kg, a further study was carried out with a larger sample size.

Results

While there were statistically significant differences between the treatment groups, post hoc tests revealed that EMF01 did not have any significant effect on salicylate-induced tinnitus.

Conclusions

While this study does not support the efficacy of EMF01 in the treatment of salicylate-induced tinnitus, further studies should be conducted to determine if it alleviates tinnitus associated with acoustic trauma.     

Hepatoprotective effects of Yi Guan Jian, an herbal medicine, in rats with dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis

Aims of the study

Yi Guan Jian (YGJ) has long been employed clinically to treat liver fibrosis in traditional Chinese Medicine but the mechanism underlying the regulation has not been clarified in detail. The present investigation was designed to assess the involvement of the fibrosis pathway in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in rats.

Materials and methods

Liver fibrosis was induced by DMN injection (10 mg/kg, i.p., given three consecutive days each week) following 4 weeks. YGJ was oral administered (1.8 g/kg daily via gastrogavage for two weeks). Liver sample were subjected to histological and western blot studies. For evaluation of hepatic fibrosis-related factors, collagen α1-I, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA and protein levels were analyzed.

Results

YGJ remarkably prevented body weight loss and DMN damage in the liver, and it inhibited the elevation of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT). Oral administration of YGJ extract significantly reduced the accumulation of collagen α1-I, TIMP-1, and α-SMA in liver tissues.

Conclusions

Taken together, these findings indicate that the YGJ Chinese herb showed hepatoprotective and anti-fibrogenic effects against DMN-induced hepatic injury. Our data suggest that the YGJ may be useful in reversing the development of hepatic fibrosis.     

Effects of a Chinese herbal medicine, keishi-bukuryo-gan, on the gonadal system of rats

Keishi-bukuryo-gan (TJ-25) is a traditional Chinese herbal remedy containing five components: bark of Cinnamomum cassia, root of Paeonia lactiflora, seed of Prunus persica or P. persiba var. davidiana, carpophores of Poria cocos and root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa. This preparation has been used in the treatment of gynecological disorders such as hypermenorrhea, dysmenorrhea and infertility. In the present study, the effects of TJ-25 on plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2), and on uterine wet weight and thymidine kinase (TK) activity were documented in immature rats. Long-term daily oral administration of TJ-25 (300 mg/kg) for 14 days decreased plasma levels of LH, FSH and E2 by 94%, 67% and 50%, respectively, compared to controls. Uterine wet weight and TK activity were reduced to 65% and 64% that of controls, respectively. Short-term effects of TJ-25 on E2 were also examined. Thirty hours after administration of E2 (1.0 micrograms/kg) alone, uterine wet weight and TK activity were elevated 2.4- and 21-fold, respectively, over controls. However, simultaneous administration of TJ-25 (three consecutive doses, every 12 h) with E2 reduced E2-induced increases in uterine wet weight and TK activity by 29% and 39%, respectively. Treatment with TJ-25 also enhanced LH-RH-induced increases in plasma LH and FSH levels 1.2- and 2.5-fold, respectively, as compared with controls. The results obtained in the present study indicate that TJ-25 may act as a LH-RH antagonist and/or as a weak anti-estrogen.     

An antidepressant effect of Sho-ju-sen, a Japanese herbal medicine, assessed by learned helplessness model in mice

The antidepressant effect of Sho-ju-sen, a Japanese herbal medicine composed of extracts of three herbs; kumazasa leaf (Sasa Kurinensis Makino et Sibata), Japanese red pine leaf (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) and ginseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), was assessed using a learned helplessness model in mice. The learned helplessness was produced by presenting 120 unavoidable/inescapable shocks for 3 days to the mouse in a shuttle box, and the avoidance training was carried out on day 4. Compared with the control group given tap water, free consumption of Sho-ju-sen (1%, 3% and 10%) for 21 days resulted in a significant amelioration of the response rate at 1% and 3%, and both the response rate and % avoidance at 10%. Although Sho-ju-sen (10%) caused no significant effect following the 7-day intake, it ameliorated the response rate following the 14-day intake. The extract of Japanese red pine leaf, but not kumazasa leaf or ginseng radix, mildly improved the response rate. Learned helplessness was significantly and dose-dependently reduced by imipramine (10 and 30 mg/kg i.p.), while only mildly by diazepam (1 mg/kg p.o.). These results suggest that a long-term consumption of Sho-ju-sen is effective for the amelioration of depression, and the effectiveness is derived mainly from the extract of Japanese red pine leaf.     

日本汉方药治疗慢性肾脏病研究的进展

慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease, CKD)已成为世界范围内危害公众健康的疾病。在日本，柴苓汤和温脾汤是治疗CKD的常用汉方药。文章综述了柴苓汤和温脾汤等汉方药对CKD进展过程中各种肾损害的保护作用，包括改善系膜组织损伤，减轻炎症细胞浸润，减少炎症介质表达，清除氧化应激产物，调节醛固酮代谢等作用，并且，在分子水平阐明了这些药物对各种损伤因子的作用机制。柴苓汤和温脾汤都是延缓CKD进展的有效药物。     

散结镇痛胶囊及其有效成分对大鼠内膜异位症模型治疗作用观察

目的：分析散结镇痛胶囊的有效成分并观察其在大鼠子宫内膜异位症模型上的治疗效果。方法：联合应用高分离度快速液相色谱和串联四级杆飞行时间质谱法对散结镇痛胶囊的成分进行分析。两种主要成分龙血竭和2_3c用于动物模型的治疗观察。将60只雌性大鼠于动情期建立子宫内膜异位症模型。四周后,二次开腹测量病灶大小。将建模犬鼠随机分为五组：空白对照组（生理盐水治疗）,阿那曲唑组（阿那曲唑18gg每天）,龙血素A组（龙血素A97．2mg每天）,人参皂苷Re纽（人参皂苷Re64．8mg每天）和散结镇痛胶囊组（散结镇痛胶裳86．4mg每天）,通过灌胃持续给药四周。四周后进行第三次开腹,再次测量病灶大小,并检测病灶血管内皮生长因子及肿瘤坏死因子-α表达情况。蛄果：包括两种主要成分在内的共38种成分被提取并检测出来。与其他治疗组相比,散结镇痛胶囊治疗组病灶体积缩小最明显,病灶血管内皮生长因子及肿瘤坏死因子一d表达水平最低（尸〈0．01,与其他组相比差异显著）。而且散结镇痛胶囊治疗组、龙血素A治疗纽、人参皂苷Re治疗组的效果明显优于空白对照组和阿那曲唑治疗组。这些结果显示散结镇痛胶囊和它的两种主要成分对于子宫内膜异位症的治疗是有效的。     

The anxiolytic effect of Sho-ju-sen, a Japanese herbal medicine, assessed by an elevated plus-maze test in mice

Sho-ju-sen (SK), a Japanese herbal medicine with a nourishing tonic action, is composed of a water extract of Kumazasa leaves (Sasa kurinensis Makino et Sibata) (SS), and ethanol extracts of Japanese red pine needles (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) (PN) and Ginseng roots (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) (PX) in the ratio 8:1:1. In this study, an elevated plus-maze test in mice was carried out to assess whether SK had an anxiolytic effect. No significant change was observed in either the plus-maze or activity test following a single administration of SK (10 and 20 mL/kg p.o.). However, mice allowed a free intake of SK (10% solution) for 5 days and longer showed a significant prolongation of the time spent in the open arms (an anxiolytic effect), as long as that caused by the benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam (1 mg/kg p.o.). SK (1%, 3% and 30% solutions for 7 days) tended to develop the anxiolytic effect. Of the constituents of SK, SS (8% solution), but not PN (1% solution) or PX (1% solution), resulted in the anxiolytic effect. Except for a slight acceleration in the motor activity by PN (1% solution), no significant change in the motor activity was produced by any treatment with SK, SS or PX. The combined treatment of SK (10% solution) or SS (8% solution) with 1 mg/kg diazepam enhanced the anxiolytic effect. Flumazenil (0.1 mg/kg s.c.), a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, alone did not change the time spent in the open arms. However, it completely reversed the anxiolytic effect of SK, SS and diazepam. The present results suggest that: (1) long-term treatment with SK develops an anxiolytic effect, (2) SS is the main constituent for the anxiolytic effect of SK, and (3) benzodiazepine receptors are involved in the anxiolytic effect of SK and SS.     

Antifibrotic effects of CGX,a traditional herbal formula,and its mechanisms in rats

Aim

CGX is a modification of a traditional herbal medicine for “liver cleaning,” which is used to treat various chronic liver disorders in oriental clinics. This study investigated the antifibrotic effects and associated mechanisms of CGX.

Materials and methods

Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN; 10 mg kg⁻¹, ip) injection on 3 consecutive days per week for 4 weeks. CGX (100 or 200 mg kg⁻¹, po) was administrated once a day for 4 weeks. Three cell lines (HepG2, RAW 264.7, and HSC-T6) were used to examine its mechanisms.

Results

CGX treatment dramatically ameliorated the change in liver and spleen weight and serum albumin (p < 0.01), aspartate transaminase (p < 0.01), alanine transaminase (p < 0.01), alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.01), and total bilirubin (p < 0.01) levels. Histopathologically, CGX administration decreased necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and collagen accumulation. The antifibrotic effects of CGX were confirmed from hydroxyproline determination and the reduction in the numbers of activated hepatic stellate cells. In addition, antioxidant proteins, glutathione content, and glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were maintained in the CGX-treated groups compared with the DMN group. CGX downregulated fibrosis-related genes (inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, connective tissue growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor-beta) and decreased the protein levels of profibrotic cytokines (transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor-beta) in liver tissues. In the cell line-based studies, CGX showed supportive effects, such as the protection of hepatocytes from CCl₄-toxicity, inhibition of NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, and inactivation of hepatic stellate cells.

Conclusion

These results demonstrated the antifibrotic effects of CGX and the corresponding mechanisms associated with sustaining the antioxidative system and inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation via the downregulation of fibrogenic cytokines.     

Japanese herbal medicine TJ-48 prevents autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is mainly caused by CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell infiltration into islets. Recently, the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the prevention of the onset of T1DM was reported. We reported that TJ-48, a common Japanese herbal medicine, decreased Treg population in cancer patients, thus we investigated whether TJ-48 had an influence on T1DM onset using NOD mice. In the TJ-48 group, TJ-48 (2.0g/kg/day) was administered in the drinking water for NOD mice from three weeks of age to 20 weeks of age. Their body weight and fast blood glucose (FBG) were measured every week. Histology (Hematoxylin-Eosin staining) was investigated every month. Lymphocyte profiles were investigated every month with FACS. The results were compared to the age-matched NOD mice control group. FBG of the control group mice showed diabetic status of 66.7% at 18 weeks of age. On the other hand, the TJ-48 group mice showed diabetic status of 16.7% at 18 weeks of age (p = 1.905E-06). There were no significant differences in general conditions or body weight between the two groups. Lymphocyte infiltrations into islets were dramatically suppressed in the TJ-48 group. The effect of TJ-48 on decreasing Tregs was less apparent in the NOD mice model. TJ-48 inhibited lymphocyte infiltrations into islets, which led to preventing the onset of T1DM in NOD mice.     

Inhibitory effects of Keishi-bukuryo-gan,a traditional herbal medicine,on lipid peroxidation of brain homogenate

Keishi-bukuryo-gan, a traditional herbal medicine, is a representative drug for blood stagnation and an effective drug for brain disorders. Keishi-bukuryo-gan was shown to have inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation of brain homogenate induced by the ferrous ion-hydrogen peroxide system. This drug inhibited lipid peroxidation of brain homogenate in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was similar to that of DL -α-tocopherol as an antioxidant.     

The nephroprotective effects of the herbal medicine preparation, WH30+, on the chemical-induced acute and chronic renal failure in rats

In this study, we evaluated the renal protective effects of a Chinese herbal preparation WH30+ in male Wistar rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure and adenine-induced chronic renal failure. WH30+ is a Chinese herb preparation composed of Rheum Palmatum, Salvia Miltiorrhiza, Cordyceps Sinensis, Leonurus Sibiricus, Epihedium Macranthum, Radix Astragali, and Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae, which has been used to treat kidney deficiency in human. An acute renal failure and chronic renal failure rat model were introduced by glycerol injection (i.m.) and fed with adenine-excessive diet, respectively. WH30+ was administered to rats at the dose of 50 mg/kg/day from 10 days before the diseases were induced until the rats were sacrificed. A reduction in body weight (p < 0.01) was observed in rats with chronic renal failure, but there was no difference between treatment groups. However, the body weight of rats with acute renal failure without treatment was significantly lower than those treated with WH30+ (p < 0.05). Overall, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were elevated significantly (p < 0.01) in renal failure rats compared to control. Treatment with WH30+ improved both serum creatinine and urea nitrogen slightly in both models. The WH30+-treated rats with acute renal failure had significantly (p < 0.05) greater creatinine clearance than those without treatment. The results of the study show that WH30+ is more effective in the prevention of acute renal failure than chronic renal failure.     

The anti-arthritic effects of Aconitum vilmorinianum, a folk herbal medicine in Southwestern China

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Aconiti Radix (AC) and Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix (AK) are two traditional Chinese medicines commonly used to treat joint pain and arthritis. In Southwestern China, Huangcaowu (AV), the root of Aconitum vilmorinianum Kom., has long been used as a local substitute for these herbs for analgesia and anti-inflammation. However, its anti-arthritic effects have not been investigated.

Aim of study

To investigate the anti-arthritic effects of Huangcaowu (AV).

Materials and methods

Mono-arthritis in SD rats was induced by unilateral intra-articular injection of Freund's complete adjuvant. Physiological saline was injected in the contralateral knee. Seventy five percent ethanol extracts of AV (10 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/day), AC (100 mg/kg/day) and AK (100 mg/kg/day) were administered to rats by oral gavage for 14 consecutive days (Day -6 to Day 7) while arthritis was induced at the seventh day (Day 0). The anti-arthritic effects of the herbs were assessed by measuring allodynia, swelling, hyperaemia and the vascular permeability of the knee joints.

Results

AV (10 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/day), AC (100 mg/kg/day) and AK (100 mg/kg/day) suppressed joint allodynia. AV (10 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/day) and AK (100 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced join swelling and hyperaemia while AC (100 mg/kg/day) did not. AV (100 mg/kg/day) attenuated vascular permeability while AC (100 mg/kg/day) and AK (100 mg/kg/day) showed no improvement.

Conclusions

Huangcaowu (AV) significantly improved allodynia, swelling, hyperaemia and vascular permeability in arthritic knee joints. It showed the highest anti-arthritic effects among the three tested Aconitum herbs.     

The protective effect of Yi-Qi-Yang-Yin-Ye, a compound of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in diet-induced obese rats

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of Yi-Qi-Yang-Yin-Ye (Y-Q-Y-Y-Y), a compound of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine, on insulin resistance (IR) in the diet-induced obese rat model induced by intravenous injection with a low dose of streptozotocin and fed a high fat and high caloric diet. Y-Q-Y-Y-Y (2, 4, 8 g/kg) was administered via gavage daily for 4 weeks. The results showed that Y-Q-Y-Y-Y treatment decreased the levels of body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), free fatty acid (FFA), insulin (INS) and fast blood glucose (FBG) and increased the level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the diet-induced obese rats. Glucose tolerance was improved in the diet-induced obese rats treated with Y-Q-Y-Y-Y as well as GIR (glucose infusion rate) in the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp experiment compared to the model control rats (p < 0.01). Moreover, treatment with Y-Q-Y-Y-Y up-regulated glycogen contents in both liver and skeletal muscle and increased insulin receptor amounts on the erythrocytes surface as assessed by using (125)I-labeled auto-antibodies against insulin receptors. Taken together, our data suggested that Yi-Qi-Yang-Yin-Ye ameliorates insulin resistance in the diet-induced obese rats.     

Preliminary studies of the effects of a herbal prescription,Hokoei-to,on the endocrine system in parous rats

Hokoei-to extract was administered orally to parous rats for 25 days to examine its effects on sex hormones. Hokoei-to, containing Taraxaci Radix collected in autumn, induced a significant increase of progesterone and oestradiol and a significant decrease of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). With Hokoei-to extract containing Taraxaci Radix collected in spring, progesterone was also increased significantly, but oestradiol increased only slightly, and LH and FSH showed a tendency to decrease, without any statistically significant changes. The effects of this type of Hokoei-to were thus weaker than those of Hokoei-to containing Taraxaci Radix collected in autumn. Our findings suggest that the latter also has some effect on serum chemical constituents, such as triglyceride, albumin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase.     

中药960合剂抗大鼠肝癌作用的研究

目的:研究中药960合剂(960)对大鼠肝癌的防治作用和机制.方法:大鼠Walker256肿瘤组织埋入肝脏制成大鼠肝癌模型.A组为中药组:造模前7d开始灌胃给予960合剂(13.5ml/kg·d),造模后第3天开始再灌胃给药14d;B组为FT207组:造模后3d给予FT207(54mg/kg·d)连续3d;C组为对照组:予同体积生理盐水.结果:(1)A组和B组肿瘤体积显著小于C组,A组抑瘤率38.58%,与B组(42.38%)接近(P＞0.05);(2)A组ALT、AST显著低于生理盐水组和FT207组(P＜0.01),Alb显著高于B组和C组(P＜0.01).(3)A组生存时间(28.9±4.5d)和B组(23.4±4.3d)大鼠生存时间均显著长于生理盐水组(17.3±2.3d)(P＜0.01);(4)A组和B组端粒酶活性显著低于C组(P＜0.01).结论:中药960合剂具有较好抑制大鼠肝癌作用,作用机理可能与抑制肿瘤组织端粒酶活性有关.     

论日本汉方医学的衰退及复兴

中国医学是从公元5世纪通过朝鲜半岛传人日本.自此以后,经历了很多年代,日本人通过孜孜不倦地努力形成了适合自己的医学.17世纪,为了区分从荷兰传来的"兰方"医学,就将当时已成为主流的医学称为"汉方".虽然1874年公布医事制度以后,一段时期日本汉方从医学、医疗的正面舞台消失了,但后来经过诸多前人的努力,日本汉方医学再一次在现代医学中体现出它的必要性,人们追求并希望形成一个西洋医学和日本汉方医学相融合的新综合医疗体系.     

活脑康对急性脑梗死大鼠血浆一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和一氧化氮(NO)的影响

目的:观察活脑康对急性脑梗死大鼠血浆一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力和一氧化氮(NO)含量的影响,探讨其治疗作用机制.方法:应用线栓法制备大鼠急性脑梗死模型,给予中药活脑康灌胃10d后,测定血浆中NO含量和NOS的活力.结果:中药治疗组血浆NO含量和NOS活力明显下降,与模型组相比差异显著(P＜0.01).结论:中药活脑康可降低急性脑梗死大鼠血浆NO含量和NOS的活力,抑制缺血性脑损伤.