家庭暴力成因与干预的哲学思考

目的 对家庭暴力的成因与干预进行哲学思考，有助于该问题的深入研究和最终解决，方法 从生物学物质观，辨证系统论和认识论等角度转发家庭暴力。结果 家庭暴力的成因是复杂的，各影响因素的作用大小不一，它们之间可相互作用和转化。进行反家庭暴力的干预行动需要从多方面入手。结论 家庭暴力成因与干预研究的困难与课题本身的复杂性和方法学上的局限有关；家庭暴力是人类社会进步中必需面对的一个重要问题。     

产生家庭暴力的心理根源及对策

家庭暴力这个沉重的话题是在近年才日益被我国重视的，冰山的一角已浮山水面。在我国2.7亿个家斑中，30％不同程度存在家庭暴力；每年约40万个解体的家庭中，1／4缘于家庭暴力。而这些家庭的孩子从小耳濡目染，他们成人后使用暴力的概率要比一般孩子高15倍。因此．家庭暴力问题是全家人无法抹去的痛苦经历。     

论家庭暴力

家庭暴力(domesticviolence)是指对家庭成员进行伤害、折磨、摧残和压迫等方面的强暴行为,其手段有殴打、捆绑、残害身体、凌辱人格、限制人身自由、遗弃以及性虐待等。家庭暴力是一个严重的社会问题,不论是在发展中国家还是发达国家均有报道。家庭暴力作为一个全球性现象,早在     

家庭暴力对抑郁症患者自杀影响的调查研究

目的　探讨家庭暴力对抑郁症患者自杀的影响。方法　采用自行设计的家庭暴力调查表、Hamilton抑郁量表 (HAMD)、艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)、特质应对方式 (TCSQ)及社会支持评定量表 (SSRS)对 86例抑郁症患者 (有家庭暴力组 4 5例 ,无家庭暴力组 4 1例 )进行评定 ,并将两组评定结果加以比较。结果　 (1)有家庭暴力组与无家庭暴力组患者自杀程度间差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ;(2 )有家庭暴力组EPQ的神经质、精神质、消极应对方式及总社会支持评分与无家庭暴力组间差异有显著性意义 (P均 <0 0 5 )。结论　有家庭暴力的抑郁症患者具有自杀程度高、精神质和不稳定个性、消极的应对方式和社会支持缺乏。因此 ,在对抑郁症患者自杀进行预防和干预时 ,要注意挖掘隐藏的家庭暴力 ,指导和提高他们与家庭成员的沟通和对问题的技能     

3025例婴幼儿母亲受暴情况及对母婴身心健康影响分析

目的：了解天津市城区家庭暴力的发生率及对母婴身心健康的影响。方法：采用北京大学妇儿保健中心编制《妊娠妇女家庭暴力现状调查表》，对天津市6个城区、2个滨海区6－18个月的婴幼儿母亲进行调查。结果：天津市城区孕产妇家庭暴力的发生率为10．5％，其中单一型暴力占79．1％，复合型（1种以上暴力类型）占20．9％。暴力家庭母亲的睡眠问题、不良情绪、躯体症状、生活自信积分均值与非暴力家庭间差别有显著性意义（P＜0．01），暴力家庭婴幼的睡眠问题、不良情绪、胆小依赖、攻击性积分均值与非暴力家庭间差别有显著性意义（P＜0．01）。结论：女方年龄＜25岁、文化程度、职业层次、社会地位较低的家庭中，家庭暴力的发生率较高，孕产期家庭暴力严重影响妇女、儿童的身心健康。     

论家庭暴力

家庭暴力(domestic violence)是指对家庭成员进行伤害、折磨、摧残和压迫等方面的强暴行为,其手段有殴打、捆绑、残害身体、凌辱人格、限制人身自由、遗弃以及性虐待等.家庭暴力是一个严重的社会问题,不论是在发展中国家还是发达国家均有报道.     

暴力对女性抑郁患者自杀的影响研究

目的:探讨暴力对女性抑郁症自杀的影响。方法:采用自行设计的家庭暴力调查表、Hamilton抑郁量表(HAMD)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、特质应对方式(TCSQ)及社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对172例抑郁症患者(有家庭暴力组45例,无家庭暴力组41例)进行评定,并将两组评定结果加以比较。结果:①有家庭暴力组与无家庭暴力组患者自杀程度间差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。②有家庭暴力组EPQ的神经质、精神质、消极应对方式及总社会支持评分与无家庭暴力组间差异有显著性意义(P均<0.05)。结论:有家庭暴力的女性抑郁症患者自杀程度高,具有精神质和不稳定个性、消极的应对方式,社会支持缺乏。     

精神疾病患者家庭暴力行为及其相关因素研究

目的:明确家庭暴力行为特点及其相关因素,为家庭暴力的预测和干预的研究积累资料和进行方法学的探索.方法:应用人口学资料、既往史调查表、家庭暴力行为调查表、简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、明尼苏达多相人格调查表(MMPI)、人格诊断问卷第4版(PDQ4 )、早年(18岁以前)不良家庭环境问卷,测试分析具有家庭暴力和无家庭暴力精神病患者的暴力行为特点及其相关因素.结果:(1)38例精神疾病患者家庭暴力造成67人伤亡,其中伤28人,亡39人.(2)两组的既往攻击行为史及酒精滥用史;早年不良家庭环境中家庭结构不完整、曾受父母虐待、不良教养方式;疾病类型中精神分裂症、抑郁症;BPRS的总分及其敌对猜疑、焦虑抑郁;MMPI测试中的F、D、Hs、Hy、Pa分;PDQ4 测定中的偏执型、依赖型、被动攻击型、抑郁型人格障碍方面存在差异,且有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)经Logistic回归分析结果显示既往攻击行为史、MMPI的D、Pa高分和BPRS的总分、敌对猜疑、焦虑抑郁因子高分及早年遭受父母虐待、家庭结构不完整以及PDQ4 抑郁型高分可作为精神病患者家庭暴力行为的预测因子.结论:精神疾病患者家庭暴力后果极为严重,精神分裂症及抑郁症患者家庭暴力行为发生率较高,应引起临床、社会高度重视;心理社会因素、病理性人格和精神病理症状是患者家庭暴力行为的始动因素,可作为家庭暴力行为的预测因子和指导干预的方向.     

辖区妊娠妇女家庭暴力行为及不良影响调查分析

目的了解深圳市福田区妊娠妇女家庭暴力发生情况及不良影响。方法2004年7月～2005年7月，在深圳市福田区对1205例妊娠妇女进行问卷调查。结果辖区妊娠妇女家庭暴力发生率为15．2％，不同种类的家庭暴力和一定的妊娠结局有一定的相关性。结论分析成因，探讨有效干预措施。     

家庭暴力老年人受虐的研究进展

家庭暴力中的老年人受虐问题,不仅对老年人身心健康造成严重影响,还会增加社会疾病负担及社会相应福利机构负担。了解国际通用老年人受虐的定义、类型及特点,老年人虐待发生的总发生率及各型虐待的发生率,以及社会心理学及精神病理学危险因素,有助于对老年人受虐进行识别与干预。     

Is criminal violence a non-communicable disease? Exploring the epidemiology of violence in Jamaica

There is a high level of criminal violence that afflicts the Jamaican society. While it is certainly noncommunicable in the context of medicine and public health, the concepts of social contagion and the well-established fact of the intergenerational transfer of effects of trauma raise questions as to whether or not it is non-communicable in a social sense. Historically, scholars have linked Jamaican criminal violence to three main roots: poverty and urban decay, political patronage, garrisonisation and more recently to a fourth, the growth in transnational organized crime (TOC). Traditionally as well, policymakers have brought the three discrete perspectives of criminology, criminal justice and public health to bear on the problem. This paper applies a conceptual framework derived from a combination of epidemiology and the behavioural sciences to argue that a sustainable resolution to this looming and intractable social problem must take the form of a cocktail of policies that encompasses all three approaches at levels ranging from the community to the international.     

The perpetrators of domestic violence

There has been little useful research in recent years into those who perpetrate domestic violence. Domestic violence is always anchored in a social context in which the aspirations of men and women are dealt with unequally. The majority of perpetrators of domestic violence are men. Perpetrators are often young, troubled, unemployed, and of low self-esteem; they have often experienced abuse (of various types) themselves. However, these factors do not justify their abusive behaviour. General practitioners and other health workers have a responsibility to broach the subject of domestic violence with both perpetrators and victims. They are in a key position to break the silence that allows it to continue. Programs for stopping domestic violence can be effective for those who are motivated to change their behaviour and see the programs through to completion.     

The impact of domestic violence on individuals

There is extensive evidence of the adverse effects of domestic violence across all age groups and cultural backgrounds. The impact of domestic violence may be long-term, affecting emotional adjustment, physical health and subsequent relationships. Health professionals should be aware of the confounding effect of youth, age and cultural diversity on presentation. Shame and isolation militate against disclosure. Specific, sensitive questioning that incorporates awareness of cultural and social issues is essential to detect domestic violence and initiate appropriate assistance.     

Increasing violence in Australian general practice is a public health issue

Violence is a serious public health issue and the medical profession has a role to play in tackling this issue. Occupational violence is a significant problem in Australian general practice. Doctors need training to recognise and manage patients at risk of becoming perpetrators or victims of violent behaviour, both to protect themselves and to reduce violence in the wider community. A national task force on violence in medical practice should be established to monitor, evaluate, prevent, and reduce medical workplace violence. A national summit of all medical groups should be held to examine the increasing violence in Australian society as a public health issue. Australia's medical practitioners are in a strong position to advocate for better mental health, drug and alcohol, and family support services to manage patients at risk of violent behaviour.     

Primary care physicians' response to domestic violence. Opening Pandora's box.

OBJECTIVE--To explore primary care physicians' experiences with domestic violence victims to determine the barriers to problem recognition and intervention in the primary care setting. DESIGN--Ethnography, a qualitative research method involving the use of open-ended, semistructured interviews. SETTING--An urban health maintenance organization serving a predominantly white, middle-income population. PARTICIPANTS--Thirty-eight physicians, predominantly family practitioners (89%), were interviewed. RESULTS--Analysis of the interviews revealed that physicians found exploring domestic violence in the clinical setting analogous to "opening Pandora's box." Their issues include lack of comfort, fear of offending, powerlessness, loss of control, and time constraints. CONCLUSION--This study revealed several barriers that physicians perceived as preventing them from comfortably intervening with domestic violence victims. These issues need to be addressed in training programs. Further studies should be done to assess generalizability of these findings to other groups of physicians.     

Domestic violence in Australia: definition, prevalence and nature of presentation in clinical practice

Domestic violence is a complex pattern of behaviours that may include, in addition to physical acts of violence, sexual abuse and emotional abuse. Women experience domestic violence at far greater rates than men do, and women and children often live in fear as a result of the abuse that is used by men to maintain control over their partners. Domestic violence is a major public health problem and is very common in women attending clinical practice. Women present most commonly with a range of chronic symptoms to unsuspecting general practitioners, emergency department doctors or medical specialists. Women who have experienced partner abuse want to be asked about it and are more likely to disclose if asked in an empathic, non-judgemental way. Doctors can make a difference.     

Keeping battered women safe during welfare reform: new challenges

This paper reviews the growing body of research literature on the relationship of domestic violence to welfare. Not only do women on welfare suffer from domestic violence in far greater numbers than women in the general population, but their abusers, threatened by the women's efforts at education, training, or work, also use violence and threats of violence to sabotage these efforts at economic self-sufficiency. For this reason, welfare reform exacerbates domestic violence in the lives of many low-income women. As a result of the federal Family Violence Option, most state welfare plans allow battered women on welfare more time and specialized services before mandating work in order to keep them and their children safe. Recent research and monitoring have shown, however, that the majority of battered women on welfare do not tell their welfare workers about the violence. Ending the isolation of these battered women and helping them with domestic violence services pose difficult challenges. Women's health providers may be in a better position to accomplish this task than welfare department personnel.