MR扩散加权成像在肝脏占位性病变中的应用

目的 探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)及表观扩散系数(ADC)值在肝脏占位性病变诊断的价值.方法 对53例正常及100例肝占位性病变患者行DWI检查,并测量ADC值.包括肝细胞癌24例,肝转移瘤31例,肝血管瘤19例及肝囊肿26例. 结果正常肝组织ADC值为(1.52±0.24)×10-3mm2/s;肝细胞癌、肝转移瘤、肝血管瘤、肝囊肿ADC值分别为(1.38±0.37)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.71±0.78)×10-3 mm2/s、(2.41±0.51)×10-3 mm2/s、(3.96±0.76)×10-3 mm2/s,肝恶性肿瘤与肝囊肿、肝血管瘤ADC值存在统计学意义(P＜0.05).在DWI图像上,肝囊肿呈低或等信号,肝血管瘤呈稍高信号,肝癌和转移瘤呈高信号.结论 分析DWI图像特点及ADC值在肝脏占位性病灶中的鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

SENSE基础上扩散加权成像诊断肝脏占位性病变的价值

目的探讨SENSE基础上扩散加权成像在诊断肝占位性病变中的应用价值以及表面扩散系数(ADC)评估肝占位病变的价值。方法对161例共有224个肝占位病灶患者在SENSE基础上行扩散加权成像。224个肝占位病灶中原发性肝癌80个,肝血管瘤45个,肝囊肿49个,转移性肝癌50个。应用梯度因子b值为0和50的扩散图像,并获取ADC值。结果原发性肝癌、肝血管瘤、肝囊肿和转移性肝癌的平均ADC值分别为(0.99±0.33)×10-3mm2/s、(1.99±0.30)×10-3mm2/s、(3.80±0.37)×10-3mm2/s和(1.08±0.29)×10-3mm2/s,前三者差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01)。原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌之间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论SENSE基础上扩散加权平面回波成像对肝癌(包括原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌)、肝血管瘤和肝囊肿的鉴别诊断具有较高的价值。     

肝脏病变的磁共振扩散成像的量化研究初探

目的　量化分析肝脏病变的磁共振扩散成像 (DWI)的表面扩散系数 (ADC值 )及磁共振影像特点。方法　对 12 7例磁共振检查发现的病变行磁共振扩散成像 ,计算病变的ADC值及肝细胞癌和肝转移瘤的瘤 /肝ADC值比值。结果　病变的ADC值均值为 :肝细胞癌 (0 .99± 0 .2 6)× 10 -3 mm2 /s ,肝转移瘤 (1.17± 0 .3 2 )× 10 -3 mm2 /s ,肝血管瘤 (1.81± 0 .42 )× 10 -3 mm2 /s ,肝囊肿 (3 .11±0 .3 8)× 10 -3 mm2 /s ,肝硬化 (0 .92± 0 .2 5 )× 10 -3 mm2 /s ,脂肪肝 (1.3 7± 0 .3 2 )× 10 -3 mm2 /s ;肝细胞癌的瘤 /肝ADC值比值均值是 0 .89± 0 .17,肝转移瘤的瘤 /肝ADC值比值均值是 1.2 7± 0 .2 1,二者存在显著性差异。结论　综合量化分析病变的ADC值、瘤 /肝ADC值比值的变化规律 ,能准确地判断肝脏有关病变的性质 ,对肝脏病变的诊断及鉴别诊断做出更准确的结论     

ADC值在肝脏局灶性病变定量诊断中的价值

目的评价MR扩散加权序列表观扩散系数(ADC)值在肝脏局灶性病变定量诊断中的价值。资料与方法对153例共187个肝脏局灶性病变(focal liver lesion,FLL)行常规MR扫描的同时增加b=0、500(s/mm2)扩散加权序列,图像经后处理拟合出ADC图,分析并比较各类病灶ADC值。结果良性FLL的ADC值分别为:肝囊肿(n=26)(3.21±0.22)×10-3mm2/s、成熟肝脓肿(n=18)(2.12±0.81)×10-3mm2/s、不成熟肝脓肿(n=7)(1.46±0.22)×10-3mm2/s、肝血管瘤(n=23)(1.92±0.36)×10-3mm2/s、肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)(n=8)(1.75±0.26)×10-3mm2/s。恶性FLL的ADC值分别为:肝癌(n=57)(1.23±0.43)×10-3mm2/s、胆管癌(n=12)(1.47±0.35)×10-3 mm2/s、转移癌(n=36)(1.36±0.33)×10-3 mm2/s。良恶性组的平均ADC值分别为(2.40±0.79)×10-3mm2/s、(1.29±0.41)×10-3mm2/s,差异有统计学意义。若AD...     

ADC值在鉴别肝脏良恶性局灶性病变的应用价值

目的 评价ADC值在鉴别肝脏良恶性局灶性病变(focal liver lesion,FLL)的诊断价值.方法 采用signa 3.0T MR对306例共391个FLL进行屏气DWI成像(b=800s/mm2),包括肝囊肿78灶,成熟肝脓肿23灶,肝血管瘤39灶,FNH\肝腺瘤17灶,原发性肝癌121灶,胆管细胞癌45灶,肝转移癌68灶.DWI图像经GE公司AW4.2工件站后处理得到ADC图,测量以上各类病灶的ADC值,统计分析良恶性性FLL的ADC值及其差异.结果 良恶性FLL的平均ADC值(×10-3 mm2/s)分别为2.63±0.35、1.18士0.41,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007).以ADC≤1.64×10-3 mm2/s诊断恶性FLL的敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为:87％、81％、84％.结论 恶性FLL的ADC值明显低于良性,以ADC值能明显提高对肝脏局灶性病变良恶性的鉴别诊断能力.     

SENSE基础上扩散加权成像诊断肝脏占位性病变的价值

【摘要】目的：探讨SENSE基础上扩散加权成像在诊断肝占位性病变中的应用价值以及表面扩散系数(ADC)评估肝占位病变的价值。方法：对161例共有224个肝占位病灶患者在SENSE基础上行扩散加权成像。224个肝占位病灶中原发性肝癌80个,肝血管瘤45个,肝囊肿49个,转移性肝癌50个。应用梯度因子b值为0和50的扩散图像,并获取ADC值。结果：原发性肝癌、肝血管瘤、肝囊肿和转移性肝癌的平均ADC值分别为(0.99±0.33)×10-3mm2/s、(1.99±0.30)×10-3mm2/s、(3.80±0.37)×10-3mm2/s和(1.08±0.29)×10-3mm2/s,前三者差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01)。原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌之间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论：SENSE基础上扩散加权平面回波成像对肝癌(包括原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌)、肝血管瘤和肝囊肿的鉴别诊断具有较高的价值。     

Value of ADC in Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Hepatic Neoplasm

目的 评估MR扩散加权成像(DWI)对肝脏肿瘤性病变、特别是影像学表现不典型肿瘤性病变的诊断价值及其良恶性鉴别诊断价值.资料与方法 对2010年8月至201 1年5月的55例患者(34例为肿瘤患者怀疑有肝脏转移,21例CT、B超等影像学检查拟诊肝脏占位性病变无法进行定性诊断)行MR常规序列及DWI,共发现92个病灶(25个原发性肝癌,27个肝转移瘤,3个肝胆管细胞癌,2个肝硬化结节,2个肝脏局灶性结节增生,7个肝血管瘤,26个肝囊肿).通过分析肝脏病灶信号强度随b值不同的变化及病灶表观扩散系数(ADC)值的大小(平均数±标准差)等对肝脏肿瘤性病变、特别是不典型肿瘤性病变的良恶性进行诊断及鉴别诊断,以病理结果或随访结果为标准计算其敏感性及特异性. 结果 MR DWI上,b＝50 s/mm2、500s/mm2及b＝ 50 s/mm2、1000 s/mm2 时,良性病变的信号衰减程度高于恶性病变,即b为50 s/mm2、1000 s/mm2时,恶性病变为高信号,而良性病变呈相对等信号或低信号,良恶性病灶信号强度差异明显.恶性病变的ADC值(b值为50 s/mm2、1000 s/mm2时计算)[ (0.845 ±0.0110)×10-3mm2/s,n＝55]明显低于良性病变的ADC值(b值为50 s/mm2、1000 s/mm2时计算)[ (2.230 ±0.0497)×10-3mm2/s,n＝37],经秩和检验差异具有统计学意义(Z＝-7.905,P＜0.01),敏感性及特异性分别为96.36％和83.78％.结论 DWI对肝脏肿瘤性病变、特别是影像学表现不典型肿瘤性病变具有较大诊断价值,对肝脏肿瘤性病变的良恶性鉴别诊断是一种简单、实用的影像学检查方法.     

MR扩散加权成像中ADC值对肝脏肿瘤性病变的定性评估

目的评估MR扩散加权成像(DWI)对肝脏肿瘤性病变、特别是影像学表现不典型肿瘤性病变的诊断价值及其良恶性鉴别诊断价值。资料与方法对2010年8月至2011年5月的55例患者(34例为肿瘤患者怀疑有肝脏转移,21例CT、B超等影像学检查拟诊肝脏占位性病变无法进行定性诊断)行MR常规序列及DWI,共发现92个病灶(25个原发性肝癌,27个肝转移瘤,3个肝胆管细胞癌,2个肝硬化结节,2个肝脏局灶性结节增生,7个肝血管瘤,26个肝囊肿)。通过分析肝脏病灶信号强度随b值不同的变化及病灶表观扩散系数(ADC)值的大小(平均数±标准差)等对肝脏肿瘤性病变、特别是不典型肿瘤性病变的良恶性进行诊断及鉴别诊断,以病理结果或随访结果为标准计算其敏感性及特异性。结果 MR DWI上,b=50 s/mm2、500s/mm2及b=50 s/mm2、1000 s/mm2时,良性病变的信号衰减程度高于恶性病变,即b为50 s/mm2、1000 s/mm2时,恶性病变为高信号,而良性病变呈相对等信号或低信号,良恶性病灶信号强度差异明显。恶性病变的ADC值(b值为50 s/mm2、1000 s/mm2时计算)[(0.845±0.0110)×10-3mm2/s,n=55]明显低于良性病变的ADC值(b值为50 s/mm2、1000 s/mm2时计算)[(2.230±0.0497)×10-3mm2/s,n=37],经秩和检验差异具有统计学意义(Z=-7.905,P<0.01),敏感性及特异性分别为96.36%和83.78%。结论 DWI对肝脏肿瘤性病变、特别是影像学表现不典型肿瘤性病变具有较大诊断价值,对肝脏肿瘤性病变的良恶性鉴别诊断是一种简单、实用的影像学检查方法。     

ADC值量化分析肝脓肿的MR成像特点

目的 通过量化分析肝脓肿的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,评估其MR扩散加权成像(DWI)特点,为肝脓肿的临床诊断、治疗和预后提供可靠依据.资料与方法 对32例肝脓肿患者行MR DWI,分析肝脓肿的DWI特点,计算病灶和肝脏、脾及胰腺的ADC值并进行统计学分析.结果 单发脓肿27例,多发5例,共45个病灶.DWI上典型病灶脓肿壁及分隔表现为稍高于周围肝实质的高信号,脓腔表现为明亮高信号;ADC图上脓肿壁及分隔呈稍高于周围肝实质的高信号,脓腔为低信号;平均ADC值分别为:(1)b=500 s/mm2时,脓肿壁(1.64±0.23)×10-3 mm2/s,分隔(1.61±0.16)×10-3mm2/s,脓腔(0.17±0.08)×10-3mm2/s,脓肿周围肝实质(1.62±0.17)×10-3mm2/s,正常肝实质(1.48±0.27)×10-3mm2/s,脾(0.73±0.27)×10-3mm2/s,胰腺(1.89±0.16)×10-3mm2/s;(2)b=1000 s/mm2时,脓肿壁(0.99±0.11)×10-3mm2/s,分隔(1.00±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,脓腔(0.25±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,脓肿周围肝实质(1.55±0.17)×10-3mm2/s,正常肝实质(1.15±0.13)×10-3mm2/s,脾(0.85±0.13)×10-3mm2/s,胰腺(1.41±0.15)×10-3mm2/s.结论 分析MR DWI特点,综合量化分析病灶的ADC值,能更好地显示肝脓肿的病理学演变特征,在脓肿定位、定性诊断及临床治疗、预后方面有重要价值.     

经量化的扩散加权成像对肝脏占位性病变的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨经量化的扩散加权成像(DWI)在肝脏占位性疾病影像诊断中的价值。方法本组回顾性分析120例肝脏占位性病变患者及对照组12例正常肝脏的影像资料,应用3.0T MR 行常规 MR 及 DWI,120例患者共检出179个病灶(其中53个肝癌、61个转移瘤、32个肝血管瘤及33个肝囊肿),分析其与对照组的 DWI 图及表观扩散系数(ADC)图,并测量 ADC 值,比较其间是否存在统计学差异。结果本组研究 b 值选择800 s/mm2,(1)其中33个肝囊肿呈低信号,51个肝癌、61个肝转移瘤及32个肝血管瘤呈高信号,肝囊肿的 DWI 图像信号与肝癌、肝转移瘤及肝血管瘤有显著性差异(P <0.05);(2)肝癌、肝转移瘤 ADC 伪彩图大体呈冷色系表现,肝囊肿、肝血管瘤 ADC 伪彩图大体呈暖色系表现;(3)肝癌、肝转移瘤、肝血管瘤、肝囊肿平均 ADC 值相互间行两两比较,总体上存在统计学差异(P <0.05),但肝癌与肝转移瘤之间两两比较,无统计学差异(P >0.05),通过结合背景肝,比较肝癌的病灶/背景肝 ADC 值与肝转移瘤的病灶/背景肝 ADC 值,二者差异有显著性(P <0.05)。结论DWI 和 ADC 图分析及ADC 值测量可为肝脏占位性病的诊断及鉴别诊断提供重要的补充信息。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.