超选择性动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中临床研究

目的评价超选择性动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效和安全性。方法选择2003年1月至2005年5月于本院进行超选择性动脉溶栓同时采用卒中登记方法收集的58例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,随访6个月,观察患者的预后。结果58例患者中并发脑出血6例(10．3%),其中症状性脑出血2例(3．4%)。1个月末、3个月末和6个月末分别死亡2例(3．4%)、4例(6．8%)和5例(9．3%)。3个月末和6个月未残疾或死亡例数分别为13例(22．4%)和9例(16．7%)。结论对选择的急性缺血性脑卒中患者进行超选择性动脉溶栓是有效和安全的。     

Subacute Recanalization and Reocclusion in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Following Endovascular Treatment

Objective  To determine the rate of subacute recanalization and reocclusion and its effect on clinical outcomes among patients with ischemic stroke treated with endovascular treatment. Subacute recanalization and reocclusion occurring hours after completion of the intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke has been reported in anecdotal cases. Methods  We performed cerebral angiography at 24 h to determine the status of occlusion after endovascular treatment (compared with immediate post-procedure angiogram) in a series of patients with ischemic stroke treated with endovascular treatment. Clinical and radiological evaluations were performed before and 24 h, and prior to discharge or 1–3 months after treatment. We performed multivariate analysis to evaluate the effect of subacute recanalization on clinical outcome graded using modified Rankin scale (mRS). Favorable outcome was defined by mRS of 0–2. Results  A total of 56 patients (mean age 66 ± 14 years; 22 were men) were analyzed. Subacute recanalization was observed in 16 (29%) patients and consisted of additional recanalization in 8 patients with early recanalization. Subacute recanalization was associated with a trend toward a higher rate of favorable outcome (Wald chi-square 3.3, P = 0.19) after adjusting for other covariates. Subacute recanalization was not associated with either neurological deterioration or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Subacute reocclusion was observed in 5 (9%) patients. Subacute reocclusion was associated with a trend toward higher rate of neurological deterioration within 24 h (Wald chi-square 2.1, P = 0.15) after adjusting for other covariates. Conclusion  We found that new or additional recanalization occurs in one-fourth of the patients within 24 h of endovascular treatment and is not associated with any adverse consequences. Subacute reocclusion occurs infrequently after endovascular treatment.     

Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Flow Improvement in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has been suggested that intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) would not lyse the large thrombus associated with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and, therefore, would be ineffective in this setting. Vascular imaging, safety, and outcome of TPA therapy for ICA occlusion is not well described. Our goal was to determine the site of occlusion, early recanalization after TPA infusion, and its relationship to outcome. METHODS: We reviewed our database of all stroke patients treated with i.v. TPA between July 1997 and July 1999. We identified all cases with carotid occlusion suggested by transcranial Doppler (TCD) and angiography. Occlusion and recanalization were assessed by site including proximal ICA (prICA), terminal ICA (tICA), and middle cerebral artery (MCA). Baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and follow-up Rankin scores were obtained. RESULTS: We treated 20 patients with carotid occlusion (age 63.9 +/- 10.8 years, 11 males, 9 females). Time to TPA infusion after stroke onset was 128 +/- 66 minutes. Baseline NIHSS scores were 16.4 +/- 5.4. Time to follow-up was 3.5 +/- 4.9 months (2 patients were lost to follow-up). Occlusion sites were prICA 40%, tICA 70%, and concurrent MCA 45%. Multiple sites were involved in 10/20 patients (50%). Among patients with pretreatment and posttreatment vascular imaging studies (n = 18), recanalization in the prICA and tICA was complete in 10%, partial in 16%, and none in 74%. MCA recanalization was complete in 35%, partial in 24%, and none in 41%. At follow-up, Rankin 0-1 was found in 8 patients (44%), Rankin 2-3 in 3 (17%), and Rankin 4-5 in 3 (17%). Mortality was 22% (n = 4) including 1 fatal intracerebral hemorrhage. Improvement was closely related to resumption of MCA flow (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients did not recanalize their ICA occlusion after intravenous TPA therapy. However, recanalization of associated proximal MCA clot, found in 45% of our patients, or improved MCA collateral flow was strongly associated with good outcome.     

Multimodal Therapy for Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke : Outcomes and Related Prognostic Factors

Objective

The objectives of this study were to analyze the recanalization rates and outcomes of multimodal therapy that consisted of sequential intravenous (IV)/intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis, mechanical thrombolysis including mechanical clot disruption using microcatheters and microwires, balloon angioplasty, and stenting for acute ischemic stroke, and to evaluate the prognostic factors related to the outcome.

Methods

Fifty patients who were admitted to the hospital within 8 hours from ischemic symptom onset were retrospectively analyzed. Initial IV thrombolysis and subsequent cerebral angiography were performed in all patients. If successful recanalization was not achieved by IV thrombolysis, additional IA thrombolysis with mechanical thrombolysis, including balloon angioplasty and stenting, were performed. The outcomes were assessed by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) change and modified Rankin scale (mRS) and prognostic factors were analyzed.

Results

Successful recanalization was achieved in 42 (84%) of 50 patients, which consisted of 8 patients after IV thrombolysis, 19 patients after IA thrombolysis with mechanical clot disruption, and 15 patients after balloon angioplasty or stenting. Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in 4 (8%) patients. Good outcomes were achieved in 76% and 70% of patients upon discharge, and 93% and 84% of patients after 3 months according to the NIHSS change and mRS. The initial clinical status, recanalization achievement, and presence of symptomatic hemorrhage were statistically related to the outcomes.

Conclusion

Multimodal therapy may be an effective and safe treatment modality for acute ischemic stroke. Balloon angioplasty and stenting is effective for acute thrombolysis, and produce higher recanalization rates with better outcomes.     

Effect of Pretreatment Blood Pressure on Outcomes in Thrombolysed Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background

Blood pressure (BP) is an important determinant of functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA). Current guidelines recommend a BP target of 185/110 mmHg before IV-tPA bolus and maintaining it at less than 180/105 mmHg for the first 24 hours. However, the effect of blood pressure on various outcome measures after systemic thrombolysis remains unclear.

既往卒中病史对缺血性脑血管病患者卒中结局的影响研究

目的 探讨中国人群中首发和复发缺血性脑血管病患者的临床特征和卒中结局差异。 方法 本研究基于全国多中心前瞻性中国国家卒中登记研究Ⅲ（the third China national stroke regi stry,CNSR-Ⅲ）,连续纳入2015年8月-2018年3月急性缺血性卒中或TIA患者,收集人口学信息、血 管危险因素、既往用药史及病因分型系统（causative classification system,CCS）等临床资料,记录随 访3个月和1年时卒中结局。卒中结局包括卒中复发（缺血性卒中或出血性卒中）、联合血管事件（卒中、 心肌梗死及血管性死亡事件）、脑血管病源性死亡及不良功能结局（mRS＞2分）。依据患者既往是否 有卒中病史分为有卒中病史组和无卒中病史组,比较两组的临床特征及卒中结局差异,并分析卒中病 史与卒中结局间的关系。 结果 最终纳入15 166例患者,平均年龄62.2±11.3岁,其中女性4802例（31.7%）;有卒中病史患者 3355例,无卒中病史患者11 811例。有卒中病史组患者年龄,冠心病、高血压、脂代谢紊乱、糖尿病、心 房颤动比例,既往用药史比例、入院NIHSS评分、住院期间降糖和降压治疗比例均高于无卒中病史组, 目前吸烟和重度饮酒比例、入院时LDL-C水平及住院期间抗血小板治疗比例低于无卒中病史组,差 异均有统计学意义。两组CCS分型的分布差异有统计学意义,其中有卒中病史组大动脉粥样硬化型和 心源性栓塞型卒中比例高于无卒中病史组。多因素分析结果显示,卒中病史是随访3个月不良功能结 局（校正OR 1.25,95%CI 1.09～1.44,P =0.002）,随访1年卒中复发（校正HR 1.44,95%CI 1.25～1.67, P＜0.001）、联合血管事件（校正HR 1.43,95%CI 1.24～1.64,P＜0.001）、脑血管病源性死亡（校正 HR 1.42,95%CI 1.12～1.80,P =0.004）、不良功能结局（校正OR 1.63,95%CI 1.42～1.88,P＜0.001）的 危险因素。 结论 有无卒中病史的缺血性卒中患者的临床特征及随访结局差异较大,尽管患者进行卒中二级 预防治疗,卒中病史仍然是患者1年卒中复发、联合血管事件、脑血管病源性死亡及不良功能结局的 危险因素。     

Increased Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background

Stroke is one of the most common causes of disability and death. Higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels have been associated with poor functional outcomes and mortality in previous studies. We investigated alterations in serum ALP concentrations and functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Even Faster Door-to-Alteplase Times and Associated Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose: The timely administration of thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke has been associated with good functional outcomes. Current guidelines recommend alteplase administration within 60 minutes in 75% of eligible patients and within 45 minutes in 50% of patients. There is limited evidence guiding these measures and their effect on outcomes. We report a single-center, retrospective assessment of the safety and efficacy of alteplase treatment within 45 minutes. Methods: Five hundred and eighty-six patients were treated with alteplase in our emergency departments (EDs) between January 2014 and October 2016; 368 patients were included for analysis. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the association between door-to-alteplase (DTA) times and 90-day modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores. Incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was also documented. Results: The median DTA time was 29 minutes versus 64 minutes in the DTA less than or equal to 45 minutes arm and more than 45 minutes arm, respectively. The primary outcome of 90-day mRS 0-1 was achieved in 56% of patients in the less than or equal to 45 minutes group versus 58% in more than 45 minutes group (P = .67). Odds of achieving mRS 0-1 were not significantly impacted by DTA times. In the multivariate regression analysis, patient characteristics associated with achieving mRS 0-1 were: younger age, male sex, not requiring intubation in the ED, and without prior history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, or stroke. There was no significant difference in rates of ICH for patients less than or equal to 45 minutes versus more than 45 minutes. Conclusions: Rapid administration of alteplase was not associated with significantly better outcomes nor increased risk of ICH. Conclusions about efficacy are limited due to the retrospective nature of the study, small sample size, and incomplete data points.     

心房颤动合并急性缺血性脑卒中的溶栓及抗凝治疗研究进展

急性缺血性脑卒中是常见病、多发病。心房颤动(房颤)是临床上常见的心律失常,尤以非瓣膜性房颤为著。房颤合并急性缺血性脑卒中的患者临床常见,且病情重、出血转化率高、复发率高,给治疗带来一定的难度。重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂是目前治疗急性缺血性脑卒中最有效的药物,可减少急性缺血性脑卒中患者的致残率;口服抗凝药可减少房颤相关急性缺血性脑卒中的复发;抗血小板治疗对房颤合并急性缺血性脑卒中患者也有一定的二级预防作用。鉴于房颤合并急性缺血性脑卒中所特有的临床特征,选择适宜的药物治疗至关重要。