黄芪多糖对STZ诱发的糖尿病大鼠早期视网膜形态学的影响

<正>目的:观察黄芪多糖(APS)对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发的糖尿病大鼠早期视网膜损害的形态学影响,探讨黄芪多糖防治糖尿病视网膜病变的机制。方法:采用STZ诱发的糖尿病大鼠模型。实验分为4组:正常对照组、2型糖尿病组、APS对照组、2型糖尿病+APS组。连续灌胃5周后处死大鼠,其中每只大鼠左眼做视网膜组织切片、右眼视网膜消化铺片观察。结果:正常对照组基底膜结构正常,血管无狭窄及闭塞。2型糖尿病组视网膜毛细血管周细胞明显凋亡,可见毛细血管局部扩张、膨隆、微血管瘤形成及渗透性改变,多处局灶性多形核白细胞阻塞管腔,偶见闭塞毛细血管。     

rAAV2-NTF2对糖尿病大鼠血视网膜屏障的保护作用

目的： 观察2型重组腺相关病毒－核运输因子2（rAAV2-NTF2）对糖尿病大鼠血视网膜屏障功能损伤的拮抗作用。方法: 伊凡思蓝（EB）灌注铺片观察糖尿病大鼠视网膜血管分布和形态。亚克隆构建pSNAV－NTF2载体, 腺相关病毒包装形成rAAV2-NTF2。成年雄性Wistar大鼠,以右眼为实验眼,玻璃体腔注射4 μL rAAV2-NTF2,左眼为对照眼,玻璃体腔注射rAAV2-增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）4 μL。1个月后取4只大鼠左眼,固定后取视网膜制备全视网膜铺片,荧光显微镜下观察EGFP表达情况。再行STZ腹腔注射诱导糖尿病,同时设单纯糖尿病组（diabetes,D组）和正常组（normal,N组）。糖尿病1个月后以45 mg/kg剂量静脉注射EB,循环2 h后1%多聚甲醛枸橼酸缓冲液灌注并摘除眼球取视网膜,置于甲酰胺中浸泡提取染料,用分光光度计测量甲酰胺中染料的浓度。结果: 正常组大鼠可见在低背景荧光下视网膜血管对EB有很好的屏障作用,糖尿病2周大鼠视网膜血管仅见背景荧光增强,糖尿病1月后血管出现异常节段性扩张,局部血管周围EB渗漏。糖尿病1个月大鼠视网膜内EB浓度是正常组的4.67倍,P<0.01,提示糖尿病大鼠血-视网膜屏障受损。玻璃体腔注射rAAV2-NTF2,视网膜内EB浓度为(8.30±4.16)μg/g视网膜干重,较对侧眼(22.13±8.43)μg/g视网膜干重明显减少,可以部分改善血-视网膜屏障的破坏,降低EB-白蛋白渗漏（P<0.05）。结论: 玻璃体腔注射rAAV2-NTF2可减轻糖尿病大鼠视网膜血-视网膜屏障功能的破坏,为糖尿病视网膜病变的基因治疗提供了实验依据。     

雷公藤多苷对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏细胞自噬的影响及相关机制

目的 探讨雷公藤多苷对糖尿病肾病大鼠的肾脏细胞自噬的影响，并分析其相关分子机制。方法 采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）的方法构建糖尿病肾病大鼠模型。将30只SD大鼠依据随机数表法分为5组，对照组、模型组、0.1 mg/kg药物组、0.5 mg/kg药物组和1.0 mg/kg药物组，每组各6只。糖尿病肾病模型建立成功后，0.1 mg/kg药物组、0.5 mg/kg药物组和1.0 mg/kg药物组分别灌胃0.1、0.5和1.0 mg/kg雷公藤多苷，对照组和模型组给予等量的生理盐水。比较各组间肾功能、氧化应激指标的水平。采用Western blotting法检测各组间磷酸化-哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（p-mTOR）、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3β-Ⅰ（LC3-Ⅰ）、微管相关蛋白1轻链3β-Ⅱ（LC3-Ⅱ）及Beclin1蛋白表达水平。使用Real-time PCR技术检测各组间LC3及Beclin1 mRNA表达水平。结果 与对照组比较，模型组尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）、尿蛋白（Pro）及丙二醛（MDA）水平均升高，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）及过氧化氢酶(CAT)水平均明显降低，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；与模型组比较，药物组BUN、Scr、Pro及MDA水平均明显降低，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）及CAT水平均明显升高（P<0.05），呈剂量依赖性。与对照组比较，模型组的肾组织p-mTOR蛋白表达水平升高，LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ及Beclin1蛋白表达水平降低，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；与模型组比较，各剂量药物组p-mTOR蛋白表达水平降低，LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ蛋白表达水平显著升高（P<0.05），呈剂量依赖性，0.5 mg/kg及1.0 mg/kg药物组Beclin1蛋白表达水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组比较，模型组的肾组织，LC3-Ⅱ及Beclin1 mRNA表达水平降低，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；与模型组比较，各剂量药物组LC3及Beclin1 mRNA表达水平显著升高，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 雷公藤多苷对糖尿病性肾病大鼠肾功能具有一定的保护作用，其机制可能与抑制氧化应激和激活自噬功能有关。     

甘松对青霉素致痫大鼠行为学表现及脑电图的影响

目的：观察甘松对青霉素致痫大鼠的疗效。方法：将50只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为正常对照组（Ⅰ组）和4个青霉素致痼模型组,即单纯模型组（Ⅱ组）、用甘松预处理组（Ⅲ组）、用丙戊酸钠预处理组（Ⅳ组）和用甘松合并丙戊酸钠预处理组（Ⅴ组）。甘松预处理组灌服甘松62．5mg／（kg·d）,丙戊酸钠预处理组灌服丙戊酸钠0．64mg／（kg·d）,甘松合并丙戊酸钠预处理组灌胃剂量为甘松62．5mg／（kg·d）加丙戊酸钠o．32nag／（kg·d）,正常对照组和单纯模型组灌服等体积的生理盐水。每组大鼠每天灌胃一次,连续14d。灌胃第14天除正常对照组外其余4组大鼠腹腔注射青霉素500万U／kg诱导大鼠急性癫痫发作,观察和比较各组大鼠行为及脑电图变化。结果：与单纯模型组比较,甘松预处理组、丙戊酸钠预处理组、甘松合并丙戊酸钠预处理组可延长癫痫大鼠惊厥发作潜伏期,明显减轻大鼠痫性发作程度,改善大鼠大脑皮层脑电图,其中以甘松合并丙戊酸钠预处理组最为明显。结论：甘松对青霉素致痫大鼠具有一定的抗癫痫作用,与丙戊酸钠联用有协同作用。     

褪黑素对糖尿病大鼠早期视网膜神经组织GFAP表达影响的实验研究

目的观察褪黑素（MLT）对糖尿病大鼠早期视网膜神经组织神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）表达的影响。方法 SD大鼠尾静脉注射适量2%STZ溶液制造糖尿病模型。随机分成3组：正常对照组、模型对照组和MLT治疗组,每组12只。MLT治疗组的大鼠给予腹腔注射MLT10mg/（kg·d）;正常对照组和模型对照组大鼠每天腹腔注射等量的0.9%氯化钠溶液。每组于4、6、8周各取4只大鼠分别应用Western Blotting和免疫组织化学方法定量定性检测视网膜神经组织GFAP的表达。结果模型对照组于4、6、8周时的视网膜神经组织GFAP阳性表达量分别是0.0887±0.0239、0.1057±0.0282和0.2039±0.0228,均明显高于同时相的正常对照组（分别是0.0452±0.0089、0.0479±0.0100和0.0526±0.0165）和MLT治疗组（分别是0.0485±0.0149、0.0510±0.0144和0.0722±0.0228）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;而MLT治疗组视网膜神经组织GFAP阳性表达与正常对照组相比,4、6周时差异无统计学意义,8周时高于同时相的正常对照组（P〈0.05）。结论 MLT可降低糖尿病大鼠视网膜神经组织GFAP的阳性表达,减轻视网膜神经组织的退行性变。     

MK-801的浓度与局灶性脑缺血大鼠内源性神经干细胞增殖的关系

目的 研究兴奋性氨基酸（NMDA）受体拮抗剂MK-801的浓度与局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经干细胞增殖的关系。方法 将60只大鼠随机分为正常对照组（6只）、假手术对照组（6只）、手术对照组（12只）和MK-801不同荆量组（0．2mg／kg、0．4mg／kg、0．6mg／kg、0．8mg／kg、1．0mg／kg、1．2mg／kg）（36只）。除正常对照组外，其它组均需制作大鼠大脑中动脉缺血（middle cerebral artery occlusion，MCAO）动物模型，在模型制作前30分钟按照不同剂量组腹腔注射MK一801，假手术组和手术对照组腹腔注射等量的生理盐水。在模型建立后第7天，通过免疫组化技术标记大鼠梗塞灶附近大脑皮质的Nestin阳性细胞数目。结果 MK-801浓度为0．4mg／kg时，可以明显抑制内源性神经干细胞的增殖，0．8mg／kg剂量以上有显著的抑制作用，并且随着浓度升高抑制作用呈递增趋势，在1．2mg／kg以上有明显的全身副作用。结论 NMDA受体拮抗剂MK-801在局灶性脑缺血后，对大鼠内源性神经干细胞的增殖有抑制作用，并且随浓度的增加抑制作用也随之加强。     

ASS对实验性Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素和C肽分泌作用研究

目的 研究刺五加叶皂甙（ASS）对实验性Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素和C肽分泌作用影响。方法 应用放射免疫学方法对正常组和Ⅱ型糖尿病模型组大鼠（尾静脉注射链尿佐菌素25mg/kg加高脂，高热、高能量喂养）。在给予ASS后其空腹及口服葡萄糖后血浆中胰岛素和C肽变化测定。结果 ASS可增强Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素和C肽分泌，对正常大鼠无影响。结论 ASS可以促进Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素和C肽分泌。     

链尿佐菌素制备糖尿病神经源性膀胱大鼠模型

目的对使用单次腹腔注射大剂量链尿佐菌素（STZ）制备糖尿病神经源性膀胱大鼠模型的方法进行探讨。方法使用随机分组的方法将30只SPF级健康雄性sD大鼠随机分成正常对照组（NC组）10只、糖尿病组（DM组）20只;给予糖尿病组大鼠单次腹腔注射链尿佐菌素（60mg／kg）,同时给予对照组大鼠相同剂量的柠檬酸钠缓冲液,3d后测空腹血糖,血糖≥16．7mmol／L大鼠入选为糖尿病组模型。后观察大鼠一般指标（精神、皮毛光泽度、血糖、体重、饮食量、饮水量等）,8周时取出膀胱测残尿量、膀胱湿重、行HE染色。结果3d后糖尿病组大鼠糖尿病成模率达到90％,8周后血糖值稳定,糖尿病组膀胱HE染色有明显病理改变。DM组中糖尿病大鼠模型的糖尿病神经源性膀胱大鼠模型成模率为100％。结论通过单次大剂量腹腔注射链尿佐菌素（60mg／kg）可快速制备稳定的糖尿病大鼠模型,且在此基础上诱导神经源性膀胱大鼠模型的成功率高,在8周时其成模率可达100％。是目前一种简便、快速获取稳定糖尿病神经源性性膀胱大鼠模型的方法。     

舒洛地特对大鼠糖尿病视网膜病变的修复及MAPK通路的调节作用

目的 探讨舒洛地特对大鼠糖尿病视网膜病变的修复及MAPK通路的调节作用。方法 72只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病视网膜病变组、舒洛地特低、中、高剂量组及盐酸二甲双胍组，12只/组；除正常对照组外，其余大鼠均腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病视网膜病变大鼠模型；舒洛地特低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予10 mg/kg、 20 mg/kg、40 mg/kg舒洛地特，盐酸二甲双胍组给予200 mg/kg盐酸二甲双胍，1次/d,给药12周。检测大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平，以及血清晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、 IL-1β水平，以及视网膜组织葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT-1)、葡萄糖转运蛋白3(GLUT-3)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平；Western blotting及免疫组织化学检查视网膜p38 MAPK、磷酸化p38 MAPK(p-p38 MAPK)水平；HE染色法检查视网膜病理学变化及神经节细胞计数。结果 与糖尿病视网膜病变组比较，舒洛地特各剂量组大鼠FBG及HbA1c水平、血清AGEs、IL-6、IL-1β水平、视网膜组...     

NF-E2相关因子2对糖尿病模型小鼠视网膜内细胞及血管的保护作用

目的 探讨NF-E2相关因子2（Nrf2）对糖尿病视网膜细胞及血管的保护作用。方法 8周龄雄性Nrf2^+/+（野生型）和Nrf2^-/- C57BL/6小鼠60只随机分为模型组和对照组,共4组,每组各15只。模型组小鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ,45mg/kg）,连续注射5 d;对照组小鼠注射同体积的枸橼酸缓冲液。模型组和对照组小鼠初次注射后每周测空腹血糖及体重,至第10周取视网膜。采用免疫印迹法检测视网膜内Nrf2激活的下游蛋白血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）的表达情况;免疫荧光染色检测具有多种剪接形式的RNA结合蛋白（RBPMS）阳性的视网膜节细胞（RGCs）及胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）阳性的无长突细胞（ACs）并计数;采用过碘酸-希夫和苏木素染色,观察视网膜内无细胞毛细血管并进行定量分析。 结果 STZ诱导1周后,野生型和Nrf2^-/-模型组小鼠血糖急剧升高,体重开始显著下降,随着周龄的增长体重无明显增加;对照组小鼠血糖值无明显升高,体重呈正常缓慢增长趋势。STZ诱导糖尿病10周后,RBPMS和ChAT染色发现,Nrf2^-/-糖尿病小鼠视网膜内RGCs和ACs数量显著降低（P<0.05）;过碘酸 希夫和苏木素染色显示,Nrf2^-/-糖尿病小鼠视网膜内出现无细胞毛细血管;免疫印迹法显示,野生型小鼠模型组中Nrf2激活的下游蛋白HO-1表达升高。 结论 Nrf2对糖尿病视网膜细胞及血管具有保护作用,其可能是通过诱导HO-1上调发挥作用。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.