眼眶皮样囊肿临床分析

目的评价各种影像学检查对眼眶皮样囊肿的诊断价值，总结眼眶皮样囊肿的手术经验。方法利用15年期间诊治的眼眶皮样囊肿17例做回顾性分析，对比各种检查结果的特征，分析不同部位囊肿的手术方式和术中处理。结果X线检查能粗略反映眼眶骨骼改变。超声多普勒反映肿瘤的血流情况。B超、CT、MRI均可确定病变位置并提示病变的性质，但B超能较好显示病变内结构和动态，CT发现病变及确定空间位置较准确，MRI上信号高低与脂质、H^4含量有关。表浅囊肿易分离、摘除；深部囊肿需复杂的手术方案。囊肿壁的完整摘除是手术成功的关键。结论上述影像检查均对眼眶皮样囊肿诊断有帮助，CT检查最有价值。超声、MRI与CT检查相结合，能得出最佳定性、定位诊断，术中必须彻底清除囊肿，防止复发。     

25例眼眶皮样囊肿影像检查分析

目的：利用现代影像检查手段,对眼眶皮样囊肿的定位及定性诊断进行分析比较。方法：对25例眼眶皮样囊肿的X线、B超、彩色超声多普勒、CT、MRI检查结果进行观察分析。结果：X线检查能粗反映眼眶骨骼改变;超声多普勒反映肿瘤的血流情况;B超、CT、MRI均可确定病变位置并提示病变的性质;但B超能较好显示病变内结构和动态,CT确定空间位置较精确。MRI上信号高低与脂质、H^ 含量有关,T1WI像上有高信号。结论：上述影像检查均为眼眶皮样囊肿诊断有帮助,CT检查最有价值。超声或MRI与CT检查相结合,能得出最佳定性、定位诊断。     

432例眼眶肿瘤影像诊断分析

目的：探讨眼眶肿瘤的影像诊断特征。方法：总结经手术组织学证实的眼眶肿瘤４３２例的Ｂ超、ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ表现。结果：各种眼眶肿瘤的影像学表现均有一定的特征性,Ｂ超有利于揭示病变内的组织结构以及显示病变与软组织关系。ＣＴ利于显示病变的空间位置以及相邻结构的继发改变。ＭＲＩ即可以显示病变的空间位置、病变蔓延情况,也可以通过显示信号强度提示病变的内部结构。结论：影像检查技术在眼眶肿瘤的诊断中有重要价值。     

眼眶肿瘤的影像学诊断分析

目的：探讨眼眶肿瘤的影像学诊断特点。方法：对我院经手术病理证实的资料完整的眼眶肿瘤37例，其中血管瘤10例，皮样囊肿8例，炎性假瘤5例，脉络膜恶性黑色素瘤4例，腺混合瘤4例，神经鞘瘤3例，横纹肌肉瘤2例，非何杰金氏淋巴瘤1例进行B超、CT影像学分析。结果：发现这些肿瘤具有特征性的影像学表现，如海绵状血管瘤特征性的强回声可压缩性；神经鞘瘤的低回声、不可压缩性。CT扫描可显著病变形态、大小、位置、进行准确的空间定位，同时也可显示周围结构的继发改变。结论：对大于多数眼眶内肿瘤，B超联合CT检查既快捷又简单，影像学技术在眼眶肿瘤诊断中具有重要价值。     

眼眶腺样囊性癌的影像学研究

目的分析眼眶腺样囊性癌(ACC)的超声、CT及MRI等影像学特征。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象经病理诊断证实的泪腺腺样囊性癌38例和副鼻窦来源的腺样囊性癌4例。方法分析眼眶腺样囊性癌超声、CT和MRI等各种影像学检查结果,记录图像特征。主要指标标准化A/B超、CT和MRI影像。结果ACC标准化A超表现为前部高波峰,后部低波峰和不规则高低混杂波峰两种类型。B超可显示肿瘤的轮廓,对于瘤内钙化及液化坏死等病变显示优良。CT扫描显示ACC有梭形、扁平形、团块状和不规则形等四种形状,对于肿瘤的边界、空间位置,骨破坏和骨吸收等继发改变显示清晰。ACC在T_1加权像为中信号,T_2加权像有均一的等信号,等、低信号混杂和等、高信号混杂三种,多数不均匀强化。强化MRI有利于显示肿瘤的蔓延途径,泪腺ACC有多种蔓延途径。副鼻窦ACC易累及筛窦和上颌窦。结论各种影像学检查可显示眼眶ACC的不同特性。综合运用和分析各种影像学检查结果可提高诊断水平。(眼科,2007,16:391-394)     

眼眶囊肿70例影像学诊断分析

目的 探讨眼眶囊肿的影像诊断特征.方法 回顾性分析经手术组织学证实的眼眶囊肿70例的B超、CT、MRI的表现.结果 B超、CT、MRI在眼眶囊肿中均有特征性表现,B超可以确定病变的声学性质,揭示病变内的组织结构.CT能够准确空间定位并可揭示骨缺失等继发改变.MRI可通过不同信号强度提示病变的组织结构,并可清楚显示眶颅沟通性病变.结论 联合应用B超、CT及MRI多种检查方法在眼眶囊肿的诊断中有重要价值.     

眼科影像学在临床上的应用及其特点

随着现代医学影像学技术的不断发展,其中的CT、MRI、超声检查和OCT等在眼科临床已经广泛应用,提高了眼科疾病诊断和治疗的水平。超声检查技术具有易于重复操作、无辐射的特点,对于眼内疾病和眼眶疾病的诊断应用价值较大,特别是眼内疾病优于CT、MRI;CT是眼眶疾病诊断的首选方法之一,它既能清晰显示眼眶的正常结构又能明确反映占位病变及眶壁骨质的改变,其显示骨质改变明显优于超声检查和MRI;MRI检查对于眼内脉络膜黑色素瘤的诊断具有特异性,眼眶病变是否发生视神经管和颅内蔓延,以及恶性肿瘤的眶外蔓延或术后复查判断是否复发,MRI检查明显优于CT;OCT做为一种非接触、无损伤性活体形态学检查方法,对于眼内结构及疾病的检查诊断是一种重要的手段。总之,影像学检查拓展了眼科检查手段,提高了临床诊断的准确性。     

眼眶海绵状血管瘤与眼眶神经鞘瘤影像学鉴别诊断的研究

目的 研究眼眶海绵状血管瘤与眼眶神经鞘瘤影像学表现特点,探讨最适合鉴别区分二者的影像学检查方法.方法 总结经手术后、组织病理学证实的眼眶海绵状血管瘤25例与眼眶神经鞘瘤24例的B超、CDFI、CT、MRI,归纳各种检查方法所表现出来的影像学特点,对两种肿瘤进行鉴别诊断,以病理学诊断为标准,影像学诊断与之一致的为诊断符合;诊断符合率比较采用X2检验.总结出最适合鉴别这两种肿瘤的影像学检查方法.结果 眼眶海绵状血管瘤的诊断上,MRI(平扫+增强)扫描诊断符合率为100%,CT(平扫+增强)为93%,CDFI为87%,B超为80%.眼眶神经鞘瘤的诊断上,MRI(平扫+增强)诊断符合率为91%,CT(平扫+增强)为47%,CDFI为53%,B超为46%.结论 MRI(平扫+增强)扫描是有效鉴别此二种肿瘤的一种检查方法.     

眼眶神经纤维瘤的临床分析

目的 探讨眼眶神经纤维瘤的诊断和治疗方法.方法 应用CT、B型超声、彩色多普勒超声和MRI协助诊断,结合辅助检查制定手术进路,切除肿瘤并进行组织病理学检查.结果 诊断眼眶神经纤维瘤的14例中,主要以眶部肿物、眼睑肿胀与眼球突出就诊,眼部表现与影像学表现多样化,部分伴有全身表现.2例有并发症,3例有遗传史.其中局限型3例,弥漫型8例,丛状型3例.在手术治疗中,5例经外侧开眶,9例经前路开眶.结论 CT、B型超声、彩色多普勒超声和MRI等现代影像学技术,在诊断眼眶神经纤维瘤与选择合适的手术方式中有重要价值.     

超声、CT、MRI对泪腺腺样囊性癌诊断价值比较

目的：探讨泪腺腺样囊性癌X线、超声、CT及MRI的影像学特征,以及各种检查方法对疾病诊断价值的比较。方法：回顾性分析1977－1999年经病理组织学确诊的泪腺腺样囊性癌46例,对X线（8例）、B超（39例）、CDI（7例）、CT（37例）、MRI（4例）的特征进行比较。结果：X线可以发现眼眶密度增高及眶骨破坏;B超可以发现眶内占位病变,且对病变内部的钙斑、液化腔等组织结构的显示良好;CDI可以提供肿瘤内部血液供应情况;CT可以揭示病变范围、生长方式、肿物与眶内正常结构的关系、眶骨及眶周结构的改变;MRI对于显示肿瘤颅内和颞凹蔓延,优于以上检查方法。结论：联合应用多种影像学检查方法,可以提高术前诊断率。     

25例眼眶皮样囊肿影像检查分析

目的：利用现代影像检查手段,对眼眶皮样囊肿的定位及定性进行观察分析。方法：对２５例眼眶皮样囊肿的Ｘ线、Ｂ超、彩色超声多普勒、ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ检查结果进行观察分析。结果：Ｘ线检查能粗略反映眼眶骨骼改变。超声多普勒反映肿瘤的血流情况。Ｂ超、ＣＧ、ＭＲＩ均可确定病变益并提示病变的性质,但Ｂ超能较好显示病变内结构和动态,ＣＴ确定空间位置较精确。ＭＲＩ上信号高低与脂质、Ｈ＾＋含量有关。Ｔ１ＷＩ像上有高信号。结论     

Imaging characteristics and surgical management of orbital neurilemmomas

AIM: To review imaging characteristics and surgical outcomes of orbital neurilemmoma. METHODS: Retrospective review of 21 patients with orbital neurilemmoma managed at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2005 to December 2016. All patients underwent surgical excision following preoperative imaging including ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: Among these patients, 11 were male and 10 were female, with age ranging from 12 to 75y (average, 40.3y). Ultrasound of the orbit showed a roundish well-demarcated orbital mass with low or middle internal reflectivity in each case. Dark inner liquid fields were detected in 28.6% of these cases. Doppler ultrasound demonstrated blood flow signals in these masses. CT showed that the tumors were either homogeneous or heterogeneous. MRI of T1WI revealed isointense or hypointense tumors, while the T2WI indicated heterogeneous hyperintense lesions. Gd contrast MRI demonstrated heterogenous or homogeneous enhancement initiating from the wide area of the lesion. Six patients underwent lateral orbitotomy and 15 anterior orbitotomy. All tumors were completely removed. After a mean follow-up of 1.8y, 3 patients experienced reduced vision while the remaining 10 patients showed improved vision after surgery. One patient experienced a mild limitation of upward motility. No recurrence occurred. CONCLUSION: Orbital neurilemmoma is a relatively rare, benign orbital tumor. Effective diagnosis requires a combination of ultrasonography, CT and/or MRI. These imaging techniques are also vital to differentiate neurilemmomas from other orbital masses like that of cavernous hemangiomas and meningiomas. Successful treatment requires complete resection of the neurilemmomas as performed either by lateral or anterior orbitotomy. Recurrence is rare after complete removal.     

Applicability of ultrasound in ocular tumors in children and adolescents

PURPOSE: Evaluation of the applicability of ultrasound in children diagnosed for neoplasm of the eye. Evaluation of Doppler ultrasound in visualizing blood vessels within the lesion in eye ball, eye socket and eye lids. Establishing the value of the obtained data concerning the image of vessels and blood flow for the diagnosis, monitoring the course of disease and results of treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 80 patients diagnosed and treated for neoplasm of the eye. The study group included 48 girls and 32 boys aged 2 weeks to 18 years. All the patients were subject to full ophthalmologic examination, ultrasound and other imaging techniques. RESULTS: Echogenicity of lesions, focality of growth and the comparison of echostructure did not allow for establishing the degree of malignancy. The presence of vessels in tumor mass and blood flow in tumors were useful for differentiation between malignant and benign tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound methods used significantly improve diagnostic possibilities in orbital tumors in children. The obtained pictures of vessels and flow character are typical for some tumors, which together with histopathology of tumors enables establishing of correct diagnosis. CD/PD ultrasound is helpful in monitoring treatment of selected orbital tumors, enables evaluation of biological evolution of capillary hemangioma and assessment of vascularization degree of tumors treated with chemo- and radiotherapy.     

眼外肌肥大的影像学诊断意义

目的总结眼外肌肥大的病因，并对影像学检查的诊断价值进行探讨。方法对249例CT或MRI检查显示眼外肌肥大的病例进行回顾性分析，并对病因进行分析和分类。结果炎症、血管畸形、肿瘤、感染、外伤等皆可是眼外肌肥大的病因。导致眼外肌肥大的疾病按发病率由高到低依次为甲状腺相关眼病、眼眶炎性假瘤、颈动脉海绵窦瘘、眶蜂窝织炎、转移性肿瘤、静脉曲张、眶骨骨折等。甲状腺相关眼病的哏外肌肥大以肌腹肥大为主，肌腱止点一般正常。炎性假瘤受累肌肉呈不规则增粗，边缘模糊，病变大多累及肌肉的止点。颈动脉海绵窦瘘通常为单眼眼外肌呈弥漫梭形肥厚。结论影像学检查包括CT和MRI扫描能够揭示眼外肌肥大的病因特征，并可作为鉴别诊断的依据。     

Computer-assisted image-guided orbit surgery

PURPOSE: Modern stereotaxy utilizes preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide accurate localization information which can be very helpful in orbital surgery. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the usefulness of stereotactic surgery and application of this procedure in the orbit. METHODS: Interventional case series of three patients with orbital tumors. All patients had tumor resection with the utilization of two frameless stereotactic systems: Cygnus and Stealth Station. RESULTS: The applications of image-guided stereotactic surgery proved to be beneficial in three extensive orbital tumors, including optic nerve glioma, recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of lacrimal gland, and secondary orbital meningioma. CONCLUSIONS: The interactive nature of image guidance can be useful in orbital surgery to orient the surgeon to the exact location within the surgical field and to determine the tumor margins.     

眼眶CT显示钙斑的临床意义

目的 探讨眼眶病患者CT影像中钙斑图像的临床意义。方法 回顾性审读2181例眼眶病患者的眼眶CT片,其中129例CT片有钙斑,分析影像中眼眶钙斑在诊断标准、发生机制及诊断与鉴别诊断中的作用。结果 2181例眼眶CT片中129例有钙斑存在,其中眼内视网膜母细胞瘤40例(31％),眼内脉络膜骨瘤3例(1％);眼眶血管性病变58例(45％),眼眶其他良性病变19例(15％),眼眶恶性病变9例(8％)。结论 确诊眼眶钙斑和其形状、数量及位置可能有助于眼眶病患者的临床定性诊断和鉴别诊断。     

Distinguishing Benign from Malignant Circumscribed Orbital Tumors in Children

ABSTRACT

An orbital neoplasm in children is an uncommon clinical finding. Clinical suspicion should be based on many factors, including its location, the nature of onset, associated systemic signs and symptoms, family and social histories, examination findings, and radiographic characteristics. We present two cases of young children of similar age with a rapid-onset orbital mass. In both cases, a circumscribed round lesion was found in the superomedial orbit. An orbital schwannoma, a benign and usually slow growing tumor, was found in the first patient. In contrast, the biopsy of the second patient, who was nearly asymptomatic, revealed a rhabdomyosarcoma. In this review, we have explored the differential diagnosis of relatively common circumscribed round orbital tumors in the pediatric population from both the radiographic (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) and histopathologic perspectives. A review of highly unusual orbital tumors in children is also provided.