外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的诊断与介入栓塞治疗（附4例报告）

[摘要]目的探讨外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的诊断和血管内治疗。方法对有头部外伤病史及典型临床表现的患者积极行数字减影血管造影（digitalsubtractionangiography,DSA）检查,有4例确诊后经股动脉入路,用可脱性球囊进行栓塞治疗。3例保持了患侧颈内动脉的通畅,1例行瘘口远近端的颈内动脉闭塞术;3例患者应用1个球囊,1例应用2个球囊。结果4例患者瘘I：1完全闭塞,临床症状缓解,1例于首次术后12h症状再发,再次行栓塞治疗后缓解痊愈。结论DSA检查是诊断颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的金标准;可脱性球囊栓塞治疗是颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的首选治疗方法。     

颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内治疗（附78例报告）

目的介绍治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的经验和体会。方法采用Seldinger法插入导管鞘后，用带Bait可脱球囊的magic—BD导管透视下经导引管送达瘘口水平，当球囊突然“低头”或改变方向时，表示球囊已通过瘘口，进人海绵窦。以等渗造影剂交换气体后充盈球囊至杂音消失，造影证实瘘闭塞完全，并保持颈动脉通畅。结果本组78例共进行82次栓塞治疗，66例保持了患侧颈内动脉的通畅，12例闭塞了患侧颈内动脉，其中4例因球囊破裂，症状复发，又进行了二次栓塞治疗后治愈，无术后死亡和症状加重病例，但其中6例自发性患者症状消失4例，症状减轻2例；其余病例均在术后3天－3周内症状消失，经过1个月～5年的随访未见复发。结论血管内栓塞治疗已成为治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的首选方法。     

外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘（TCCF）的血管内治疗

目的：总结外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘（TCCF）治疗方法的选择、栓塞技术及疗效。方法：TCCF检塞治疗26例患者，经动脉入路25例，经静脉入路1例；用可脱性球囊检塞瘘口21例，行颈内动脉球囊闭塞术3例，用微弹簧圈检塞治疗2例。结果；24例患者一次性检塞成功，2例检塞后因球囊早泄复发，再次经球囊检塞后治愈。一次性检塞治愈率92.3%，颈内动脉畅通率88.5%(23/26)。随访2-12个月，有2例并发假性动脉瘤形成，1例症状明显行GDC检塞治疗后治愈，另1例无症状继续随访，本组无死亡及其他并发症。结论：经动脉入路用可脱性球囊检塞瘘口是治疗TCCF的首选方法：对于球囊无法进入的小瘘口TCCF可选 用微弹簧圈检塞；若动脉入路不能或失败可行静脉入路检塞瘘口；对于瘘口在放置多个球囊仍不能将瘘口检塞的患者，可考虑闭塞颈内动脉。     

外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘球囊栓塞治疗

目的:探讨治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的治疗方法。方法:对一组外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)的病人采用可脱性球囊栓塞治疗。结果:该组6例病人均获治愈。疗效满意。结论:可脱性球囊栓塞是治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的首选方法。     

血管内治疗外伤性颈内动脉损伤

目的探讨血管内治疗对外伤性颈内动脉损伤的临床价值。方法16例外伤性颈内动脉损伤患者,经DSA造影证实为假性动脉瘤3例、岩部巨大蛇性动脉瘤及颈内动脉起始部动脉瘤各1例以及颈内动脉海绵窦瘘11例,分别采用可脱落球囊、电解可脱式弹簧圈（GDC）或带膜内支架对损伤部位进行动脉内栓塞治疗。结果对3例假性动脉瘤及1例岩部巨大蛇性动脉瘤患者以可脱落球囊闭塞患侧颈内动脉成功。9例颈内动脉海绵窦瘘（CCF）在保持颈内动脉通畅的情况下采用球囊成功栓塞瘘口,1例CCF予以GDC填塞海绵窦;其余1例CCF两次球囊栓塞均失败,但术后24h患侧凸眼明显回缩,间断按压患侧颈内动脉1周后患者临床症状和体征消失。1例颈内动脉起始部动脉瘤行带膜内支架成功植入,动脉瘤被旷置,颈内动脉保持通畅。结论血管内治疗是外伤性颈内动脉损伤安全有效的治疗方法。     

外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗

目的 比较不同方法治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的临床效果。方法 治疗中应用球囊导管,复杂的5例使用了胶及弹簧圈等栓塞材料。结果 10例成功闭塞瘘口且保留载瘤动脉通畅,2例闭塞载瘤动脉．结论 外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘应首选血管内栓塞治疗。有时瘘口太小,弹簧圈也是有效方法。     

难治性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的原因与对策

目的 探讨难治性颈动脉海绵窦瘘（ＣＣＦ）的原因与对策。方法 对１９８６年９月至１９９８年８月间１２３例外伤性ＣＣＦ中１２例难治性ＣＣＦ进行回顾分析。结果 难治性ＣＣＦ的原因主要是：瘘口过小或过大,载瘘颈内动脉狭窄;单纯结扎颈内动脉、栓塞时球囊早脱或弹簧圈填海绵窦不够致密等早期的治疗失误;栓塞球囊早泄或移位致瘘口复发。经动脉、静脉或外科开颅等途径,用球囊、弹簧圈或（和）ＮＢＣＡ（丙烯酸正丁酯,ｎ－ｂ     

可脱性球囊在颅内血管性病变介入栓塞中的应用价值研究

目的总结可脱性球囊栓塞的技术要点,并评价其在当今神经介入治疗中的应用价值。方法对A组36例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)及B组24例颅内动脉瘤应用可脱性球囊闭塞瘘口或闭塞1侧颈内动脉。结果A组36例中31例闭塞瘘口且保留颈内动脉(ICA)通畅,另5例瘘口及ICA被同时闭塞,ICA通畅率为86.1%,治愈率为100%。B组24例均成功的闭塞了载瘤动脉,其中病情恢复良好者22例;并发脑缺血和脑梗死各2例,其中1例术后死亡,治愈率95.8%。结论可脱性球囊在当今TCCF及某些不可手术夹闭或因故不能行瘤腔内栓塞的颅内动脉瘤患者的介入治疗中仍然具有重要的应用价值。     

颈内动脉-海绵窦瘘的血管内治疗

目的探讨颈内动脉－海绵窦瘘的血管内治疗效果。方法回顾分析了１９９０年１月以来经血管内治疗的４３例（６０例次）颈内动脉－海绵窦瘘。男性３７例,女性６例。外伤性３９例,自发性４例。单纯闭塞瘘口３１例,颈内动脉闭塞１２例;颈内动脉通畅率７２．１％。结果治愈３９例（９０．７％）,好转４例（９．３％）,并发偏瘫１例（２．３％）。结论球囊栓塞应作为颈内动脉－海绵窦瘘首选疗法。     

颈内动脉海绵窦瘘病人行可脱性球囊栓塞术的护理

对42例颈内动脉海绵窦瘘病人行可脱性球囊血管内栓塞治疗,结果栓塞成功40例.提出术前进行颈动脉压迫试验为栓塞患侧颈内动脉作准备,做好眼部护理、出血情况的观察及皮肤准备,术后积极预防并发症,可提高其栓塞成功率.     

Histoacryl®组织胶超选择性栓塞肾动脉分支治疗医源性肾动脉出血

目的 观察以Histoacryl^®组织胶作为栓塞剂超选择性栓塞肾动脉分支治疗医源性肾动脉出血的效果。方法 回顾性分析52例医源性肾动脉出血患者,其中30例为经皮肾镜术后、15例为经皮肾穿刺活检术后、7例为部分肾切除术后;均接受数字减影血管造影（DSA）引导下超选择性栓塞患肾责任分支动脉,栓塞剂为Histoacryl^®组织胶。评价技术成功率、临床成功率、并发症及操作时间,比较栓塞前、后血红蛋白（Hb）、肌酐（Cr）和尿素氮（BUN）。结果 对52例均顺利完成治疗,平均操作时间（38.23±11.51） min,技术成功率、临床成功率均为100%。术前2 h与术后12 h内Hb、Cr及BUN差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。术后4例（4/52,7.69%）出现轻微并发症（发热伴局部腰痛）,经对症及支持治疗后恢复;无肾脓肿、败血症、肾破裂等严重并发症发生。结论 以Histoacryl^®组织胶作为栓塞剂超选择性栓塞肾动脉分支治疗医源性肾动脉出血安全、有效。     

Intraoperative direct puncture and embolization (IOPE) using a glue material for spinal cord arteriovenous fistula: a case report

Introduction

Spinal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is treated by embolization or surgery. However, transarterial embolization or surgery is difficult in rare cases when the fistula site is very complicated to access especially as in fistular nidus supplied by posterior and anterior spinal artery. We present the case which was treated with intraoperative direct puncture and embolization (IOPE) using glue material, since the usual transarterial or transvenous neurointerventional approach was difficult to embolize the AVF.

Methods

A 36-year-old woman presented with progressive leg weakness and pain after a 20-year history of lower back pain. She had pelvic and spinal AVF combined with arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Despite prior treatment of the pelvic lesion with radiotherapy and coil embolization, the spinal lesion persisted and caused repeated subarachnoid hemorrhages. A spinal angiogram revealed a tortuous and long feeder of the AVF which had growing venous sac, as well as AVM. Two embolization trials failed because of the long tortuosity and associated anterior spinal artery. Four months later, drastic leg weakness and pain occurred, and IOPE was performed using a glue material.

Results

The subsequent recovery of the patient was rapid. One month later, the use of a strong opioid could be discontinued, and the patient could walk with aid. A follow-up spinal angiogram revealed that the venous sac of the AVF had disappeared.

Conclusion

In spinal AVF which is not feasible to access by usual intervention approach and to dissect surgically, IOPE with glue material can be considered for the treatment.

     

经导管动脉硬化栓塞术治疗Kasabach-Merritt综合征

目的探讨经导管动脉硬化栓塞术治疗Kasabach-Merritt综合征(KMS)的疗效。方法收集经超声、CT、生化检查结合临床表现确诊的KMS患儿58例,纠正血小板减少及凝血功能异常后,给予经导管动脉硬化栓塞术进行治疗。结果对所有患儿均顺利完成经导管动脉硬化栓塞术,术后动脉造影见瘤体基本消失;术后1周血小板[(267.66±61.50)×109/L]和纤维蛋白原[(2.64±0.40)g/L]水平均明显高于术前[血小板:(35.24±12.12)×109/L,纤维蛋白原:(1.47±0.33)g/L],差异有统计学意义(P均0.01);44例患儿接受1次经导管动脉硬化栓塞术、11例接受2次经导管动脉硬化栓塞术、3例接受3次经导管动脉硬化栓塞术;所有患儿均达治愈标准。结论经导管动脉硬化栓塞术治疗KMS安全、有效,值得临床推广应用。     

Glubran-2胶用于栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘

目的 观察以Glubran-2胶栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的效果。方法 回顾性分析19例接受Glubran-2胶栓塞治疗的SDAVF患者,观察治疗后即刻栓塞效果、3个月后MRI表现、6个月后数字减影血管造影(DSA)表现及改良Aminoff-Logue评分,并根据后者评估疗效为稳定、改善或加重。结果 治疗后即刻造影示19例瘘口均完全封闭。治疗后1个月1例再次出现下肢无力和排尿困难,脊髓血管造影示瘘口复发,转外科治疗后病情稳定;治疗后3个月复查MRI示18例脊髓水肿范围均较治疗前明显缩小、血管流空影消失;治疗后6个月复查脊髓动脉DSA,18例均未见瘘口复发;改良Aminoff-Logue评分4.5(1.8,8.0),与治疗前[7.5(3.8,9.0)]差异有统计学意义(Z=－3.16,P<0.05),评定疗效为4例稳定、13例改善及1例加重。随访期间未见严重并发症。结论 Glubran-2胶用于栓塞治疗SDAVF效果较好。     

腰椎间盘突出症单纯髓核摘除的疗效分析

目的：探讨单纯髓核摘除治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近、远期疗效。方法：行腰椎间盘突出症单纯髓核摘除手术治疗的病例400例,男220例,女180例;年龄16—73岁,平均43．3岁。采用后路小切口开窗法,切口小于5cm,椎板开窗为2cm×2cm,髓核摘除后,常规探查神经根管并予以扩大减压。术后常规用地塞米松5mg,连用3d,并指导患者功能锻炼,定期随访。结果：近期随访（术后2年以内）380例,优308例,良48例,差24例,优良率93．7％;远期随访（术后3年以上）348例,优244例,良48例,差56例,优良率83．9％。近、远期疗效优良率经SPSS10．0统计软件分析,差异有统计学意义fP〈0．05）。结论：单纯髓核摘除手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效随着时间的推移具有下降趋势。     

Efficacy and Limitations of Transarterial Acrylic Glue Embolization for Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

The efficacy and limitations of transarterial acrylic glue embolization for the treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) were investigated. Thirty-four DAVFs treated by transarterial embolization using n-butyl cyanoacrylate were retrospectively reviewed. The locations of DAVFs were the transverse-sigmoid sinus in 11, tentorium in 10, cranial vault in 9, and superior sagittal sinus, jugular bulb, foramen magnum, and middle cranial fossa in 1 each. Borden classification was type I in 7, type II in 3, and type III in 24. Eight patients had undergone prior transvenous coil embolization. Complete obliteration rate was 56% immediately after embolization, 71% at follow-up angiography, and 85% after additional treatments (1 transvenous embolization and 4 direct surgery). Complications occurred in three patients, consisting of asymptomatic vessel perforations during cannulation in two patients and leakage of contrast medium resulting in medullary infarction in one patient. Transarterial glue embolization is highly effective for Borden type III DAVF with direct cortical venous drainage, but has limitations for Borden type I and II DAVFs in which the affected sinus is part of the normal venous circulation. Onyx is a new liquid embolic material and is becoming the treatment of choice for DAVF. The benefits of glue embolization compared to Onyx embolization are high thrombogenicity, and relatively low risks of cranial nerve palsies and of excessive migration into the draining veins of high flow fistula. Transarterial glue embolization continues to be useful for selected patients, and complete cure can be expected in most patients with fewer complications if combined with transvenous embolization or direct surgery.     

先天性肾动静脉畸形的影像表现与栓塞治疗

目的评价先天性肾动静脉畸形64层MSCT血管成像的影像表现与栓塞治疗效果。方法 6例肾动静脉畸形患者接受CTA及栓塞治疗,评价影像表现及栓塞治疗效果。结果 6例患者经肾动脉CTA及DSA检查确诊为静脉曲张型肾动静脉畸形;3例分流速度慢的患者采用单纯无水乙醇栓塞;3例分流速度快的患者中1例单独用无水乙醇,另2例采用无水乙醇+聚乙烯醇颗粒(PVA)栓塞,均1次栓塞成功;复查增强CT并重建CTA显示畸形血管消失,肾实质梗死体积5%~22%。结论 CTA可作为静脉曲张型肾动静脉畸形栓塞前诊断及栓塞后随访的首选检查方法;无水乙醇栓塞治疗静脉曲张型肾动静脉畸形是一种安全有效、值得推荐的方法,与PVA配合使用可能减少无水乙醇的用量。     

Cyanoacrylic glue: a minimally invasive nonsurgical first line approach for the treatment of some urinary fistulas

PURPOSE: We evaluated the adaptability and the efficacy of a cyanoacrylic glue for the conservative treatment of urinary fistulas of different etiologies using an endoscopic, percutaneous or endovaginal approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 1998 to July 2004, 13 patients with long lasting iatrogenic and/or inflammatory urinary fistulas were treated conservatively with endoscopic, percutaneous or endovaginal application of 1 to 3 cc of cyanoacrylic glue. RESULTS: The complication rate in this cohort of 13 patients was low. Occlusion therapy failed in 2 genitourinary fistulas which were wider (diameter greater than 1 cm) and short. In the remaining 11 cases urinary fistulas were successfully sealed and at a median followup of 35 months no relapses were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Cyanoacrylic glue is suitable for endoscopic, percutaneous and endovaginal use. This occlusion therapy represents a safe and minimally invasive approach that might be offered as a first line option for the treatment of urinary fistulas, especially narrow and long tract fistulas.     

Combined transarterial N-butyl cyanoacrylate and coil embolization of direct carotid-cavernous fistulas. Report of two cases

The authors report two cases of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas treated successfully with combined N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue and coil embolization via a transarterial approach. In both cases complete occlusion of the fistula was achieved, with preservation of the parent carotid artery. Casting of the cavernous sinus with a liquid embolic agent was well tolerated and produced no complications of cranial nerve palsy. This technique provides interventionalists with yet another treatment option in these often complex cases.     

肾出血急诊肾动脉造影特点及栓塞策略

目的探讨肾出血急诊肾动脉造影特点及栓塞策略。方法回顾性分析63例接受急诊肾动脉造影的肾出血患者,其中医源性操作致出血43例(医源性组)、非医源性操作出血20例(非医源性组),比较2组肾动脉造影表现、所用栓塞材料和止血效果。结果 45例造影可见阳性表现,18例造影阴性。医源性组造影阳性率[79.07%(34/43)]高于非医源性组[55.00%(11/20),P=0.049];2组造影阳性表现差异有统计学意义(P=0.001),医源性组以假性动脉瘤最常见,所用栓塞材料差异无统计学意义(P=0.090)。45例造影阳性病例中,41例经一次栓塞治疗后出血停止,一次栓塞成功率91.11%(41/45),2例经二次栓塞后出血停止,栓塞总成功率95.56%(43/45)。结论医源性操作所致肾动脉出血是急诊肾动脉造影的主因,造影阳性率高,其中假性动脉瘤最常见。选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗肾出血疗效较好。