龙葵碱对小鼠睾丸生殖细胞线粒体损伤的研究

目的：研究龙葵碱对小鼠睾丸的毒性作用。方法：30只雄性小鼠,体质量20～24 g。随机分成5组,每组6只。采用ip龙葵碱对小鼠进行染毒,染毒剂量分别是1/8 LD₅₀（5.25 mg/kg）、1/4 LD₅₀（10.5 mg/kg）、1/2LD₅₀（21 mg/kg）。另设阴性对照组（生理盐水组）,阳性对照组（环磷酰胺,CP,给药剂量40 mg/kg）,龙葵碱不同浓度组连续染毒14 d。应用紫外分光光度法测定睾丸中SDH、MDA、SOD、GSH的活力。结果：龙葵碱染毒两周后,GSH的量仅1/2LD₅₀染毒剂量组与空白组相比较呈非常显著性差异（P＜0.01）;随着染毒剂量的增加, MDA含量增加,1/2 LD₅₀、1/4 LD₅₀、1/8 LD₅₀染毒剂量组与空白组比较呈非常显著性差异（P＜0.01）;随着染毒剂量的增加SOD的活性降低明显,1/2 LD₅₀、1/4LD₅₀染毒剂量时,SOD活性的降低与空白组比较呈非常显著性差异（P＜0.01）;随着染毒剂量的增加SDH的活性降低明显,1/2LD₅₀、1/4LD₅₀染毒剂量时,SDH活性的降低与空白组比较呈非常显著性差异（P＜0.01）。结论：龙葵碱能够使SDH、MDA、SOD、GSH活力降低,从而导致自由基增多,呼吸链和氧化磷酸化脱偶联,三羧酸循环被阻断,线粒体基质渗透压升高,内膜肿胀,使线粒体的功能发生障碍,线粒体氧化损伤。     

红豆杉多糖对Beagle犬心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型心肌NADPH氧化酶mRNA及SOD、MDA的影响

目的 观察红豆杉多糖对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤（MIRI）模型心肌损伤及心肌还原型辅酶II（NADPH）氧化酶mRNA、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）的影响。方法 将30只Beagle犬随机分为假手术组、模型组、红豆杉多糖低剂量组与高剂量组、卡维地洛对照组,每组6只,给药7 d后,建立MIRI模型。HE染色,光镜观察心肌组织病理改变;原位杂交检测NADPH氧化酶 p47^phox（NCF-47K）mRNA表达;比色法检测心肌SOD活性和MDA水平。结果 光镜下可见,模型组心肌严重紊乱、断裂,核固缩及胞浆嗜酸性变明显,轻至中度充血、水肿,炎细胞浸润;红豆杉多糖高剂量组心肌细胞紊乱、断裂程度较轻,核固缩及胞浆嗜酸性变明显减少,部分组织仍有轻度充血、水肿。模型组、红豆杉多糖低剂量组心肌NCF-47K mRNA表达较假手术组显著升高（P＜0.01）,红豆杉多糖高剂量组NCF-47K mRNA表达显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）。除红豆杉多糖高剂量组心肌SOD活性显著高于模型组（P＜0.01）外,模型组及各治疗组心肌组织SOD活性较假手术组显著降低（P＜0.01）。模型组及红豆杉多糖低剂量组心肌组织MDA水平较假手术组显著增加（P＜0.05）,红豆杉多糖高剂量组心肌MDA水平显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）。结论 红豆杉多糖可能通过降低心肌组织NADPH氧化酶NCF-47K mRNA表达,升高SOD活性,减少O₂^÷等氧自由基对心肌细胞的损伤,减轻缺血再灌注导致的心肌损伤。     

龙葵多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 考察龙葵多糖对 S₁₈₀ 荷瘤小鼠红细胞膜唾液酸 (SA)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 量的影响。方法 应用试剂盒测定 S₁₈₀ 荷瘤小鼠红细胞膜 SA、CAT、SOD 的量。结果 龙葵多糖能增加 S₁₈₀ 荷瘤小鼠红细胞膜表面 SA、CAT、SOD 的量,其中 SA、CAT 低剂量组作用显著 (P＜0.05),中、高剂量组作用非常显著 (P＜0.01)。而 SOD 高、中、低剂量组的作用都非常显著 (P＜0.01)。结论 龙葵多糖能增强 S₁₈₀ 荷瘤小鼠红细胞的 SA、CAT、SOD 的量,这可能是龙葵多糖抗肿瘤作用机制之一。     

针刺对心肺复苏后家兔心肌ATP酶活性及SOD、MDA的影响

[目的]探讨针刺对心肺复苏后家兔心肌细胞三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。[方法]30只家兔随机分3组,假手术(Sham)组不进行窒息和复苏;常规复苏组心搏骤停后予常规心肺复苏术;针刺复苏组心搏骤停后予常规心肺复苏术并针刺人中、内关穴。所有动物于自主循环恢复后2h取心肌组织,测定ATP酶活性、SOD活性及MDA含量。[结论]与Sham组相比,针刺复苏组、常规复苏组心肌ATP酶活性降低(P<0.01);与常规复苏组相比,针刺复苏组ATP酶活性升高(P<0.05)。复苏后两组SOD活性均低于Sham组(P<0.01),MDA含量均高于Sham组(P<0.01);针刺复苏组SOD活性高于常规复苏组(P<0.05),而MDA含量低于常规复苏组(P<0.05)。[结论]针刺人中、内关穴可增加心肺复苏后心肌组织ATP酶活性,增加SOD活力,减少MDA生成。     

益心饮对病毒性心肌炎小鼠SOD及MDA活性的影响

[目的]观察益心饮对病毒性心肌炎小鼠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)活性的影响。[方法]Balb/c小鼠120只均为雄性,体质量(20±2)g,随机分为6组,各组在给药后第7d和第14d分别处死8只及全部小鼠,眼眶取血制备血清,进行SOD和MDA检测。[结果]与病毒对照组相比,益心饮中剂量组、大剂量组在第7d和第14d能显著提高血浆SOD活性,降低MDA含量(P<0.01)。[结论]益心饮能减轻氧自由基对心肌膜脂质过氧化损伤反应。     

大豆异黄酮抗衰老作用研究

目的 探讨大豆异黄酮 (soybean isoflavon, SI) 抗衰老的作用及其机制。方法 体内实验以 D-半乳糖 (D-gal) 120 mg/kg 颈背部 sc 6 周,构建大鼠衰老模型,次日以 ig 方式给予 SI 100、200、400 mg/kg,连续 6 周。通过 Morris 水迷宫观察大鼠学习记忆能力的改变;分光光度法检测脑组织中丙二醛 (MDA) 水平、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性、Na⁺,K⁺-ATP 酶和 Ca²⁺-ATP 酶活性;酶标仪检测血清中 NO 活性。体外实验建立 H₂O₂ 致 PC12 细胞损伤模型,给予 0.5、1.0、2.0 mg/mL SI 干预,采用 MTT 比色法测定细胞存活率,酶标仪检测细胞上清中 NO 活性,Western blotting 检测各组 PC12 细胞 Bcl-2 蛋白的表达。结果 SI 中、高剂量可改善 D-gal 致衰老大鼠的学习记忆能力,增强脑组织中 SOD、Na⁺, K⁺-ATP 酶和 Ca²⁺-ATP 酶活性,降低血清中 NO 的量,SI 低、中、高剂量降低大鼠脑组织中 MDA 水平,同模型组比较有统计学差异 (P＜0.05、0.01)。SI (1.0、2.0 mg/mL) 可抑制 H₂O₂ 致 PC12 细胞氧化损伤及 NO 的增多,与模型组比较具有统计学意义 (P＜0.05);SI 可增加 Bcl-2 蛋白表达。结论 SI 可通过抗氧化作用、降低 NO 水平及上调 Bcl-2 蛋白表达,起到抗衰老作用。     

明目地黄丸对白内障大鼠晶状体内SOD、MDA影响的实验研究

[目的] 研究明目地黄丸对白内障大鼠晶状体中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。[方法] 建立大鼠白内障模型, 采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法和硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法对模型组、治疗组及对照组大鼠晶状体中SOD活性和MDA含量进行检测。[结果] 明目地黄丸高、中剂量组大鼠晶状体中MDA含量明显低于模型组, 高、中剂量组大鼠晶状体中SOD活性明显高于模型组, 差异具有显着性(P<0.05).[结论] 明目地黄丸能明显降低白内障大鼠晶状体中MDA含量, 且能明显升高白内障大鼠晶状体中SOD活性。     

蕨麻正丁醇部位对缺氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用

[目的]研究蕨麻正丁醇部位对缺氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用。[方法]建立大鼠原代培养心肌细胞缺氧损伤模型,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测心肌细胞代谢活力;胎盼兰染色法检测细胞成活率;比色法测定细胞外乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),肌酸激酶(CK)活性及细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。[结果]与模型组比较,蕨麻正丁醇提取部位各剂量组细胞代谢活力及细胞成活率显著提高(P<0.01),并均可显著减少缺氧损伤引起的LDH、CK的外漏量(P<0.01),提高细胞SOD活性(P<0.01),减少MDA的产生(P<0.01或P<0.05)。[结论]蕨麻正丁醇部位具有抗心肌缺氧损伤作用,其途径之一可能与其抗自由基氧化的能力有关。     

新型三唑类化合物Ⅱ3的镇痛作用及对环氧酶活性的影响

目的： 研究化合物Ⅱ₃的镇痛作用及其对环氧酶-1(COX-1)和环氧酶-2(COX-2)活性的影响。方法： 采用小鼠热板实验和扭体实验研究化合物Ⅱ₃的镇痛作用;利用放免法测定巨噬细胞中PGE_{2的含量,考察化合物Ⅱ3对COX-2活性的影响;测定内皮细胞中6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)含量,考察化合物Ⅱ3对COX-1活性的影响。结果： 化合物Ⅱ3高、中、低3个剂量组均可以延长小鼠的热痛阈值,延长造模后小鼠第一次出现扭体反应的时间并减少15 min内扭体反应出现的次数(P<0.05,P<0.01);在1×10^-5,1×10^-6,1×10^-7 mol/L浓度时均能抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞PGE2的生成, 1×10^-6 mol/L浓度显著地抑制生成后的COX-2活性,在相同浓度下对新生小牛胸主动脉内皮细胞6-keto-PGF1α生成的抑制作用相对较弱。结论： 化合物Ⅱ3具有一定的镇痛作用,而且对COX-2具有选择性抑制作用。}     

《金匮要略》大黄甘遂汤对小鼠实验性肝纤维化治疗作用的实验研究

[目的]观察研究《金匮要略》大黄甘遂汤对四氯化碳(CCl₄)导致的小鼠肝纤维化的治疗作用及机制。[方法]昆明种小鼠42只随机分为3组,正常组、模型组、治疗组。除正常组外,其余两组依高连相法改进后造模,观察53d后各组小鼠肝脏病理、脾脏质量及体质量变化。[结果]光镜下每高倍镜视野贮脂细胞密度,造模组明显高于其他两组(P<0.01)。脾脏质量各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。小鼠体质量,正常组明显高于其他两组(P<0.01)。[结论]大黄甘遂汤对CCl₄导致的小鼠肝纤维化有明显的治疗作用,其机制可能与抑制了贮脂细胞的激活和转化,减少了成纤维细胞的生成有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.