彩色M型多普勒超声心动图评价糖尿病患者左心室舒张功能

目的:应用彩色M型多普勒超声心动图测量糖尿病患者左心室舒张早期血流传播速度,评价糖尿病患者的左心室舒张功能;材料与方法:应用彩色M型多普勒超声心动图测量55例糖尿病患者及30例正常人的左心室舒张早期血流传播速度(Vp)。结果:糖尿病患者的左心室舒张早期血流传播速度比正常人明显减低,不论E/A<1或者E/A>1;结论:糖尿病患者存在左心室舒张功能障碍,应用M型彩色多普勒超声心动图测量左心室舒张早期血流传播速度能简便、准确地评价左心室舒张功能。     

M型彩色多普勒超声心动图对原发性高血压和冠心病患者左室舒张功能的评估作用

背景左室舒张功能障碍的评价对于患者的心功能分级、诊断与治疗,具有重要的意义。但对不同收缩功能状态及E/A比值假性正常化时的左室舒张功能的研究少见有报道。目的探讨M型彩色多普勒超声心动图在研究原发性高血压和冠心病患者左室舒张功能中的作用,并与传统方法进行比较。设计以诊断为依据的病例对照研究。地点、对象和方法收集2001-11/2002-05中山大学附属三院门诊和住院患者,对照组为门诊正常体检者,自愿参加本研究。在超声心动图室收集资料。36例正常人为对照组,74例原发性高血压(essentialhy-pertension,HTN)患者(HTN组)和33例冠心病患者(冠心病组)进行了研究。采用M型彩色多普勒超声心动图进行研究。左室容量用Teichholz公式由舒张末和收缩末容积估计,然后计算射血分数和缩短分数。主要观察指标①HTN患者、正常人、冠心病患者从二尖瓣到心尖的早期充盈峰速传播速率(rateofpropagationofpeakearlyfillingflowvelocity,Vp)。②早期充盈峰速时间(timedelayrateofpropagationofpeakearlyfillingflowvelocity,TD)和Vp/E比值。③左室舒张早期、晚期跨二尖瓣血流峰速(E峰和A峰)、早期和晚期血流峰速比(E/A)和舒张晚期跨二尖瓣血流峰速时间。④肺静脉收缩期血流速度、舒张期血流速度、肺静脉返流速度和返     

Evaluation of left ventricular filling pressure by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in the intensive care unit

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Doppler transmitral and pulmonary venous flow pattern is related to left ventricular filling pressures in critically ill patients. DESIGN: Prospective clinical investigation. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Fifty-four mechanically ventilated patients (age, 63 +/- 16 yrs) were investigated via transthoracic echocardiography and Doppler. Main diagnoses were pneumonia (31%), acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (24%), congestive heart failure (11%), and poisoning (11%). INTERVENTIONS: Doppler examinations were performed simultaneously with measurements of pulmonary artery occlusion pressure via a right heart catheter. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure correlated with transmitral peak E-wave velocity (r =.46) and E/A ratio (r =.55). Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure inversely correlated with deceleration time of the transmitral E-wave (r = -.52), pulmonary venous peak S-wave velocity (r = -.37), and systolic fraction of the pulmonary forward flow (r = -.56). An E/A ratio >2 predicted a pulmonary artery occlusion pressure >18 mm Hg with a positive predictive value of 100%. A duration of pulmonary venous A-wave reversal flow exceeding the duration of the transmitral A-wave forward flow predicted a pulmonary artery occlusion pressure >15 mm Hg with a positive predictive value of 83%. A systolic fraction of the pulmonary venous forward flow <0.4 predicted a pulmonary artery occlusion pressure >12 mm Hg with a positive predictive value of 100%. CONCLUSION: Transmitral and pulmonary venous flow patterns measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography can be used to estimate the left ventricular filling pressure in critically ill patients.     

Effect of preload reduction by haemodialysis on new indices of diastolic function

Assessment of mitral annular motion diastolic velocities by M-mode or tissue Doppler imaging and the propagation velocity of early diastolic filling (Vp) by colour M-mode have been proposed as preload-independent indices of diastolic function. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of preload reduction by haemodialysis on these new echocardiographic indices and to assess the relationship between these indices. The study group comprised 17 patients with chronic renal failure in sinus rhythm with normal left ventricular systolic function who underwent echocardiography 30 min prior to and 30 min following haemodialysis. Following dialysis there were significant reductions in weight (P<0.001), left atrial diameter (P=0.001), the peak Doppler velocity of early diastolic transmitral flow (P=0.005) and the ratio of Doppler velocities of early to late diastolic transmitral flow (P=0.02), consistent with a reduction in intravascular volume. There was no change after dialysis in early diastolic mitral annular velocity using M-mode (P=0.19) or tissue Doppler imaging from either the septal or lateral walls (P=0.88 and P=0.15 respectively), but there was a reduction in Vp after dialysis (55 to 49 cm/s; P=0.04). There were only weak correlations between Vp and the early diastolic mitral annular velocities (r<0.6 for all). We conclude that the assessment of diastolic function by the mitral annular early diastolic velocity appears to be preload-independent, that Vp may be affected by preload and that there is only a weak relationship between Vp and the early diastolic mitral annular velocity.     

Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on left ventricular diastolic filling pattern in responder and nonresponder patients

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling pattern and the relation between the diastolic filling pattern and the response to CRT. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with systolic heart failure and complete left bundle-branch block underwent implantation of biventricular pacemaker devices. In order to follow the changes in diastolic function, mitral inflow, pulmonary venous flow, and LV flow propagation (Vp) velocities were measured with pulsed-wave and color M-mode Doppler echocardiography 1 week before and 1 and 6 months after pacemaker implantation. At the 6-month follow-up, patients were divided into two groups according to their response to CRT defined as a relative increase in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) > or =25% versus baseline. RESULTS: After biventricular pacemaker implantation, significant clinical improvement was observed in all patients. Compared to baseline, the ratio of early-to-late peak velocities (E/A) decreased significantly at the 6th month (E/A ratio: from 1.5 +/- 0.9 to 0.8 +/- 0.5 at the 6th month (P = 0.02)). Pulmonary systolic flow to diastolic flow ratio (PVs/PVd) increased with CRT after 6 months (PVs/PVd ratio: from 0.9 +/- 0.4 to 1.3 +/- 0.7 at the 6th month (P = 0.02)). E/Vp ratio decreased significantly at the 1st and 6th month (E/Vp ratio: from 2.7 +/- 0.8 to 2 +/- 0.8 at the 1st (P < 0.002) and to 1.9 +/- 0.7 at the 6th month (P < 0.02)). In responders (n: 17, 74%), E wave and PVra velocity decreased, E-wave deceleration time increased, and E/Vp ratio improved significantly, whereas in nonresponders, changes in LV diastolic parameters remained insignificant. However, diastolic filling pattern improved significantly at the 1st and 6th month of CRT in both responders and nonresponders. CONCLUSION: CRT enhances diastolic filling patterns in both responder and nonresponder patients. This may be related to improvement in symptoms even in nonresponders who have a relative increase in LVEF <25%.     

Preload dependence of color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity in controls and in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of preload alterations on color M-mode flow propagation velocity (Vp) in volunteers with normal left ventricular (LV) function and in patients with depressed LV function. Color M-mode Doppler echocardiography was performed during Valsalva maneuver, passive leg lifting, and after administration of nitroglycerin in 30 healthy volunteers and in 30 age- and sex-matched patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI). Mean Vp in controls was 74 +/- 15 cm/s at baseline and 46 +/- 15 cm/s in MI patients (P <.0005). In both groups, minor changes in Vp were seen during preload alterations; however, these were not significant (control P =.72, MI P =.31). In both groups, peak E-wave velocity (P <.0005), ratio of early-to-late peak velocities (P <.0005), and E-wave deceleration time (P <.0005) were found to change during preload alterations. In conclusion, we found that in controls and patients with previous MI, the color M-mode flow propagation velocity is not affected significantly by preload.     

Impact of a hemodialysis session on cardiac function in patients with chronic renal failure

AIM: To determine the impact of hemodialysis (HD) session on cardiac function in patients with chronic renal failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty patients (17 male, 13 female, mean age 49 +/- 11 years) on bicarbonate HD were studied. M-mode echocardiography was performed and ejection fraction (EF) was estimated. Transmitral flow was assessed by Doppler echocardiography. Peak velocity of early (E) and late (A) filling, E/A ratio, isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and early deceleration time (DT) were estimated. All the estimations were made one hour before and immediately after HD by one investigator. Flow propagation velocity of early diastolic flow was assessed by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: A significant decrease of the ejection fraction (delta EF) was observed only in patients with intradialytic hypotension. Hemodialysis resulted in a decrease of early flow velocity from 99.2 +/- 23.8 to 80.6 + 26.0 cm/s (p = 0.0000) and E/A ratio from 1.23 +/- 0.57 to 0.98 +/- 0.43 (p = 0.006). IVRT and DT showed no significant difference. There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of ultrafiltration and deltaE (r = 0.46; p = 0.01), there was no correlation between the amount of ultrafiltration and delta Vp (r = -0.01; p = 0.9). CONCLUSION: The results show that a hemodialysis session influences cardiac function in patients with chronic renal failure. Early diastolic filling considerably decreased in correlation with ultrafiltration. A significant decrease in an ejection fraction was detected only in patients with intradialytic hypotension. Ultrafiltration had no impact on flow propagation velocity of early diastolic flow of the left ventricle assessed by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography.     

彩色M型多普勒超声评价肾移植病人的左室舒张功能

目的应用彩色M型多普勒超声心动图测量舒张早期左室内血流传播速度（Vp）,评价肾移植病人的左室舒张功能。方法肾移植组105例（50岁以下者71例;50～60岁者23例;60岁以上者11例）。正常对照组123例（50岁以下者69例;50～60岁者36例;60岁以上者18例）。取心尖四腔或二腔心平面测量左室内血流传播速度（Vp）,二尖瓣和肺静脉血流曲线。结果肾移植病人的Vp值较正常人降低（P〈0.05）,血流形态异常。结论应用彩色M型多普勒超声心动图测量舒张早期左室内血流传播速度,不受心脏负荷及年龄的影响,作为评价肾移植病人左室舒张功能的指标有临床意义。     

彩色血流传播速度对二尖瓣置换术后左心室舒张功能的定量评估

目的 探讨彩色M型多普勒(CMM)评价二尖瓣置换术(MVR)后患者左室舒张功能的临床价值.方法 52例接受MVR术后3个月以上患者为病例组,另选取年龄、性别相匹配的30例正常人为对照组.测量左房室腔大小、机械瓣口流速、射血分数(EF)等常规超声心动图指标;应用CMM测量舒张期左室内彩色血流传播速度(Vp),计算二尖瓣位机械瓣口血流速度(E)与Vp比值(E/Vp);应用组织多普勒测量二尖瓣环舒张期峰值速度(Em),计算均值Em'和E/Em'.结果 ①MVR组Vp、Em较对照组明显减低,E/Vp、E/Em'较对照组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).E/Vp与E/Em'相关性良好,r=0.86,P <0.01;②Vp受左窜收缩功能和心律的影响,当EF≤50%或者心房颤动时,Vp减低更明显(P<0.01),而E/Vp受EF及心房颤动的影响较小(P>0.05);③绘制ROC曲线,以E/Vp≥2.00为最佳截断值,预测E/Em'≥15的敏感性为92.31%,特异性为83.65%,曲线下面积0.954.结论 CMM可用于评价MVR术后左室舒张功能;E/Vp与E/Em具有良好的一致性,可作为评价MVR术后左室舒张功能的有效指标.     

彩色多普勒超声对心房颤动患者左心室舒张功能障碍的研究

目的应用彩色多普勒超声心动图评价心房颤动（房颤）患者的左心室舒张功能。方法将39例房颤患者分为器质性房颤组和孤立性房颤组,分别采集房颤患者的二尖瓣血流频谱、彩色M型及二尖瓣环的组织多普勒运动曲线上的参数,并与正常对照组比较。结果与正常对照组比较,器质性房颤组二尖瓣血流频谱部分参数及彩色M型、二尖瓣环组织多普勒运动曲线上的参数差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;孤立性房颤组只有二尖瓣环组织多普勒运动曲线上的参数与对照组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论①器质性房颤及孤立性房颤患者均存在左室舒张功能障碍。②左室内舒张早期血流传播速度及二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度可用来评价房颤患者左室舒张功能。③房颤患者舒张早期二尖瓣口血流频谱参数不稳定,但E峰峰值加速度对评价房颤患者左室舒张功能较敏感。     

彩色M型多普勒超声评价煤尘肺病人的右室舒张功能

目的应用彩色M型多普勒超声心动图测量舒张早期右室三尖瓣口血流传播速度(Vp),评价煤尘肺患者的右室舒张功能。方法煤尘肺组病人89例(煤尘肺组),其中50岁以下21例,50～70岁53例,70岁以上15例;正常对照组90例,其中50岁以下21例,50～70岁52例,70岁以上17例。取心尖四腔或二腔心平面测量右室内血流Vp,绘制三尖瓣血流曲线。结果煤尘肺组不同年龄段的Vp值明显低于正常组(P均<0.05),且舒张早期右室内血流束远端形态异常呈圆钝状。2组三尖瓣血流曲线的E/A、Dec、DT值,均显示随年龄的变化而变化(P均<0.05),但2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论彩色M型多普勒超声心动图应用于测量舒张早期右室内血流Vp,不受心脏负荷及年龄的影响,可以作为评价煤尘肺病人右室舒张功能的方法。     

Structural-functional alterations in the heart affecting dynamics of transmitral blood flow during a hemodialysis session

AIM: To study dynamics of transmitral circulation (TMC) during a hemodialysis (HD) session in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) regarding structural-functional alterations of the heart and baseline condition of the diastolic function of left ventricular (LV) myocardium. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty one patients (34 females and 27 males, mean age 47 +/- 11 years) on programmed HD free of heart valvular disease, ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation. Before and after HD session the patients underwent echocardiography, including Doppler regime. RESULTS: Normal LV geometry was detected in 3 (4.9%) patients, concentric remodeling - in 9 (14.8%), concentric LV hypertrophy (LVH) - in 37 (60.7%), excentric LVH - in 12 (19.7%) patients. The ejection fraction was under 45% in 5 (8.2%) patients. Diastolic dysfunction of LV myocardium was found in 42 (68.9%) patients, TMC characteristic of slow relaxation was registered most frequently (47.6%). A pseudonormal type of TMC was recorded in 16 (38.1%) patients. HD did not change TMC significantly in patients with normal diastolic function (before HD E peak velocity was 88.7 +/- 19.8 cm/s, after - 80.0 +/- 24.6 cm/s, p > 0.05). In patients with initially disturbed relaxation the velocity of early diastolic flow (Vp) (color M-mode Doppler) increased (before HD, Vp was 67.6 +/- 17.1 cm/s, after - 72.9 +/- 15.7 cm/s, p < 0.05), E/Vp reduced (before HDm E/Vp was 1.2 +/- 0.4, after 1.0 +/- 0.4, p < 0.05). The subgroup with initially pseudonormal TMC showed decreased velocity in the E peak (before HD - 103.4 +/- 13.5 cm/s, after - 76.8 +/- 24.0 cm/s, p < 0.001). In restrictive TMC this velocity also decreased - 129.0 +/- 17.8 cm/s and 108.8 +/- 14.7 cm/s, p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: TMC alteration during a HD session depends more on initial type of diastolic dysfunction than on LV geometry. A HD session improves intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with pseudonormal TMC.     

Color M-mode and Doppler tissue evaluation of diastolic function in children: simultaneous correlation with invasive indices.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the validity of diastolic indices derived from color M-mode Doppler and Doppler tissue imaging in a heterogeneous group of pediatric patients by comparing them with simultaneously obtained invasive indices of diastolic function. METHODS: A total of 20 children undergoing left heart catheterization had echocardiographic images recorded simultaneously with high-fidelity left ventricular (LV) pressure tracings. Transmitral Doppler, pulmonary vein Doppler, Doppler tissue imaging, and color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity were recorded. LV peak negative dP/dt, the time constant of isovolumic relaxation, and LV end-diastolic pressure were compared with the echocardiographic indices. RESULTS: The ratio of peak E-wave mitral velocity/propagation velocity correlated significantly with LV end-diastolic pressure (r = 0.71; P <.001). Propagation velocity correlated with the time constant of isovolumic relaxation (r = -0.56; P =.01) and peak negative dP/dt (r = 0.50; P <.03). Septal mitral annular myocardial velocity correlated significantly with the time constant of isovolumic relaxation (r = -0.58, P =.01). CONCLUSION: The newer diastolic indices derived from color M-mode Doppler and Doppler tissue imaging appear to be a helpful adjunct in the noninvasive assessment of diastolic function in children.     

Color M-mode and pulsed wave tissue Doppler echocardiography: powerful predictors of cardiac events after first myocardial infarction.

To assess the association between color M-mode flow propagation velocity and the early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E(m)) obtained with tissue Doppler echocardiography and to assess the prognostic implications of the indexes, echocardiography was performed on days 1 and 5, and 1 and 3 months after a first myocardial infarction in 67 consecutive patients. Flow propagation velocity correlated well with E(m) (r = 0.72, P <.0001). The ratio of peak E-wave velocity (E) to flow propagation velocity also correlated well with E/E(m) (r = 0.87, P <.0001). The positive predictive value of E/FPV > or =1.5 to identify patients with Killip class > or =II was 90%, and the negative predictive value 92%. The corresponding values for E/E(m) > or =10 were 70% and 90%. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified E/flow propagation velocity > or =1.5 (relative risk, 12.4 [95% confidence interval, 4.1-37.3]), E/E(m) > or =10 (relative risk, 11.5 [95% confidence interval, 3.8-34.7]), and Killip class > or =II (relative risk, 7.8 [95% confidence interval, 1.6-40.4]) to be predictors of the composite end point of cardiac death and readmission because of heart failure. Thus flow propagation velocity and E(m) are closely related after myocardial infarction and appear to have similar prognostic information.     

冠脉循环对左室舒张功能影响的研究

探讨心肌肥厚患者冠脉血流与左室舒张功能障碍各项指标的相关关系。方法采用经胸和经食管超声心动图技术,测量３０例心肌肥厚患者和１０例正常人冠状窦、二尖瓣及肺静脉血流频谱。结果与正常人相比,收肌肥厚患者冠状窦直径、前向血流和净前向血流流速积分明显增加,并且冠状窦前向血流和ＶＴＩｎｅｔ与左室舒张功能障碍的多项指标存在相关关系。     

Interstudy reproducibility of parameters of left ventricular diastolic function: a Doppler echocardiography study.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Interstudy reproducibility of echocardiography for the assessment of parameters of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is disputed. Therefore, we evaluated the reproducibility of echocardiography for assessment of LV diastolic Doppler parameters in 40 consecutive patients (age range: 19-77 years), who underwent 2 echocardiographic examinations by trained sonographers following a standard protocol, in conditions in which intrapatient sources of variability were minimized. RESULTS: Interstudy reproducibility of measurements of the ratio of early (E) to late (A) peak velocities of transmitral flow (E/A) at tips of the mitral valve leaflets was found to be very good and substantially greater than analogous measurement obtained at mitral annulus level. Reproducibility of measurement of atrial filling fraction was good both at tips of mitral leaflets and at annular level. Interstudy reproducibility of isovolumic relaxation time and E-wave deceleration time was moderate. Measurements of E-wave propagation rate and the ratio of early (E') to late (A') peak velocities of diastolic excursion of lateral mitral annulus (E'/A') by Doppler tissue were found highly reproducible. Intrastudy between-reading reproducibility of Doppler parameters of LV diastolic function were overall very good, except for E-wave deceleration time. However, 80% confidence interval of absolute between-study differences of diastolic parameters were relatively large, and ranged from -0.11 to +0.19 for E/A at tips of mitral valve; -5 to +9 cm/s for E-wave propagation rate; and -0.69 to +0.19 for Doppler tissue-derived E'/A'. CONCLUSIONS: Under a standardized echocardiographic protocol and sonographers' training program, echocardiography can be a reproducible method for serial assessment of Doppler parameters of LV diastolic function, especially in cohort studies.     

A practical approach to the echocardiographic evaluation of diastolic function.

A number of recent community-based epidemiologic studies suggest that 40% to 50% of the cases of heart failure have preserved left ventricular systolic function. Although diastolic heart failure is often not well clinically recognized, it is associated with marked increases in morbidity and all-cause mortality. Doppler echocardiography has emerged as the principal clinical tool for the assessment of left ventricular diastolic function. Doppler mitral inflow velocity-derived variables remain the cornerstone of the evaluation of diastolic function. Pulmonary venous Doppler flow indices and mitral inflow measurements with Valsalva's maneuver are important adjuncts for differentiating normal and pseudonormal mitral inflow patterns. Unfortunately, these Doppler flow variables are significantly influenced by loading conditions and, therefore, the results from these standard techniques can be inconclusive. Recently, color M-mode and Doppler tissue imaging have emerged as new modalities that are less affected by preload and, thus, provide a strong complementary role in the assessment of diastolic function. This review will discuss the diastolic properties of the left ventricle, Doppler echocardiographic evaluation, and grading of diastolic dysfunction.     

Correlation of the M-mode atrioventricular plane early diastolic downward slope and systolic parameters

BACKGROUND: The early diastolic downward slope (EDS) of the left atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) is a parameter of early left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling, particularly useful in revealing pseudonormalisation of the transmitral Doppler early to atrial (E/A) ratio. In recent studies LV early diastolic function seems to be closely linked to LV systolic function. In order to further examine this relationship we studied the correlation between EDS and traditional Doppler parameters of LV diastolic function as well as between EDS and systolic parameters. METHODS: LV diastolic function was assessed by echocardiography/Doppler in 62 consecutive patients by measurement of EDS and using a traditional four-grade scale based on a combination of the E/A ratio, the E-wave deceleration time (Edt), and the systolic/diastolic ratio of the pulmonary venous inflow (S/D). LV systolic function was evaluated by ejection fraction (LVEF) and AVPD. EDS was assessed from AVPD registrations. RESULTS: In univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), EDS was not significantly related to overall diastolic function, but highly significantly related to both LVEF (p = 0.001) and AVPD (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: EDS was more closely related to LV systolic parameters than to LV diastolic function assessed traditionally by Doppler, using a combination of E/A, Edt and S/D. This relationship between the early filling of the LV and the LV systolic function is in line with some earlier findings. It is suggestive of a relationship between the systolic and early diastolic performance of the LV.     

双多普勒同步成像技术评价高血压患者不同左心室构型的左心室舒张功能

目的 探讨双多普勒同步成像技术评价高血压患者不同左心室构型左心室舒张功能的价值。方法 将179例高血压患者(高血压组)根据左心室心肌质量指数(LVMI)和相对室壁厚度(RWT)分为4亚组,即正常构型、向心重构型、离心肥厚型及向心肥厚型亚组;选取62名健康志愿者为对照组。随机选取73例患者,分别采用传统非同步模式和双多普勒同步模式测量相同参数,采用Bland-Altman法和组内相关系数(ICC)对两种模式行可重复性检验。采用双多普勒同步技术计算同一心动周期的二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值流速(E)和组织多普勒(TDI)二尖瓣环侧壁(L)二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(e'')的比值[E/e''(L)];同步计算二尖瓣口E峰和TDI二尖瓣环室间隔(S)舒张早期峰值速度(e'')的比值[E/e''(S)];同步计算二尖瓣口E峰和舒张期二尖瓣口血流传播速度(Vp)的比值(E/Vp)。结果 高血压各亚组E/e''(S)、E/e''(L)、E/Vp均高于对照组(P均<0.05),向心肥厚亚组E/e''(S)、E/e''(L)、E/Vp分别高于正常构型亚组和向心重构亚组,余各组间比较差异无统计学意义,但正常构型亚组、向心重构亚组、离心肥厚亚组及向心肥厚亚组E/e''(S)、E/e''(L)、E/Vp均呈依次增高的趋势。Bland-Altman法显示双多普勒模式较非同步模式测量的E/e''(L)、E/e''(S)、E/Vp的可重复性更好,ICC值更高。结论 双多普勒同步成像技术较非同步模式重复性更好,可有效地评价高血压患者不同左心室构型的舒张功能受损情况。     

Assessment of propagation velocity by contrast echocardiography for standardization of color Doppler propagation velocity measurements

BACKGROUND: Color Doppler propagation velocity (Vp) (color-Vp) has not yet been standardized, although it should be able to specifically reflect the intraventricular movements of left ventricular (LV) inflow. Because contrast echocardiography can depict a specified flow, we used this modality to standardize measurements of color-Vp of LV inflow. METHODS: We performed contrast echocardiographic examinations in 100 patients (70 men, 30 women; age 53 +/- 12 years). Four types of color-Vp were measured: by the flow wave front method and by aliasing method using 3 aliasing velocity levels based on the peak velocity of early diastolic flow of transmitral flow. We also determined contrast echocardiographic Vp by M-mode imaging of LV inflow (contrast-Vp). RESULTS: Contrast-Vp and all 4 types of color-Vp could be compared in 86 patients. Contrast-Vp was significantly lower than color-Vp ( P < .01), except for color-Vp measured at the aliasing level 50% > peak velocity of early diastolic flow >/= 40% (color-Vp 40). A close relationship was observed between contrast-Vp and color-Vp 40 ( r = 0.801, P < .0001). Contrast-Vp and color-Vp 40 showed high ability to detect abnormal transmitral flow patterns according to receiver operating characteristics curves (area under curve for contrast-Vp, 0.94; for color-Vp 40, 0.90). CONCLUSIONS: Our results should be useful in standardization of color-Vp measurement to specifically reflect propagation of the fluid elements derived from LV inflow, with ability to distinguish LV filling abnormalities.