针吸细胞学在乳腺肿块诊断中的应用浅析

乳腺疾病多表现为乳腺肿块.目前乳腺肿块的定性诊断方法很多,乳腺肿块针吸细胞学检查(FNAC)是一种利用活检针或注射器对乳腺肿块进行细胞病理学检查的方法.FNAC对乳腺肿块的定性诊断以及治疗方案的确定具有独特价值.目前,FNAC已成为重要的乳腺肿块辅助诊断方法.……     

细针吸细胞学检查乳腺肿块848例小结

目的探讨细针针吸细胞学（FNAC），检查诊断妇女乳腺疾病在临床中的应用价值。方法对我院3年来门诊848例乳腺肿块细针针吸细胞学检查中有318例手术患者的病理组织学对照进行综合分析。结果FNAC与病理组织学符合率为97．17％，真阳性率为91．67％，真阴性率为98．28％，并对乳腺疾病的种类，乳腺癌的发病部位与年龄病种相互关系作了统计。提出FNAC诊断恶性肿瘤的诊断要点和提高准确率的几点体会。结论FNAC对诊断妇女乳腺肿块其敏感性和特异性均增高，存乳腺何块中早期诊断恶件肿瘤具有很首萼的应用价值。     

细针针吸细胞学检查对乳腺癌的诊断价值

乳腺肿块在临床上较常见,及时明确肿块性质对治疗有重要意义。由于细针针吸细胞学检查(Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology,FNAC)具有操作简便、安全及创伤性小的特点,已广泛应用于临床,并成为乳腺肿块定性检查的主要手段之一。本研究回顾分析了FNAC检查对乳腺癌的诊断价值。 1 材料与方法 1.1 材料 收集我科1987-01～1998-12月接受FNAC的1115例乳腺肿物标本。经手术获得病理组织学证实者352例,占31.6％,其中恶性病变151例,良     

乳腺肿块63例可疑癌的针吸细胞学与病理对照分析

目的 探讨乳腺肿块细针针吸细胞学(FNAC)检查中可疑癌的诊断与临床病理关系。方法 总结1115例乳腺肿块FNAC检查中63例可疑癌的诊断标准及特点。结果 1115例乳腺肿块FNAC检查中，有328例获病理组织学对照，FNAC总正确率96．3％，总误诊率3．7％，假阴性率4．8％，潜在假阳性率1．7％。63例可疑癌占乳腺肿块的5．7％(63／l115)，正确率96．8％(6l／63)，误诊率3．2％(2／63)。结论 FNAC对可疑乳腺癌有较高确诊率。63例可疑癌中大多数为乳腺癌，良性病变少。     

乳腺肿块简便的诊断方法——细针穿刺术

乳腺肿块在乳腺疾病中较常见,对于肿块的诊断,目前方法很多,有超声、钼靶、红外乳透、手术活检及针吸细胞学检查(FNAC)等.细针穿刺术对乳腺肿块的诊断直接、快速、简便,是一种较好的检查方法.笔者所在科室对2004年1月至2008年1月所做的120例乳腺FNAC诊断与病理切片结果对照,证实了FNAC在乳腺肿块诊断中是一种快速、简捷的好方法.     

FNAC与术中印片细胞学诊断乳腺肿块330例

细针吸取细胞学（fine needle aspiration cytdogy，FNAC）检查，10年来在本院广泛使用，取得较好效果。尤其对乳腺肿块，应用最多，确诊率亦较高，大约在85％左右。为进一步提高细胞学诊断的准确率，近3年来，本院对乳腺肿块，采用FNAC与术中印片细胞学相结合的方法，提高了术前、术中诊断准确率，较好地解决了基层医院无冰冻设备条件下，于术前、术中定性诊断问题，为临床治疗提供了依据。     

271例乳腺细针吸取细胞学诊断分析

乳腺的细针吸取细胞学 (FNAC)是诊断乳腺病变的一项简便快捷有效的诊断方法。在乳腺疾病中 FNAC不仅可判断病变的良恶性 ,而且能做出组织学分型诊断 [1 ]。所以乳腺FNAC在病理界广泛应用。本科从 1985年至今 ,共行 FNAC检查 5 2 0例 ,其中乳腺肿块 2 71例 ,现对 2 71例乳腺 FNAC假阴性 ,假阳性诊断病例进行分析。目的在于降低乳腺癌的漏诊率 ,提高 FNAC诊断准确性。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料 :乳腺的细针吸取细胞学 (FNAC)检查 2 71例 ,在本科进行病理组织学检查 ,并获得完整资料 ,收集资料。分析假阴性率、假阳性率及诊断附…     

细针吸细胞学诊断乳腺肿瘤108例

乳腺肿块细针吸细胞学(FNAC)检测是一种简便、快捷、有效的诊断方法,特别对乳腺癌的定性诊断具有较高的价值。我们对108例乳腺肿瘤中的48例进行FNAC与病理学检查,现报告如下。     

339例乳腺肿块细针吸取细胞学诊断病理分析

目的：探讨细针吸取细胞学（FNAC）在乳腺肿块诊断中的应用价值。方法：总结339例行乳腺肿块FNAC检查患者的资料,部分进行术后组织学病理诊断对照。结果：恶性肿瘤33例（假阴性2例）,诊断敏感性93.9%,误诊率6.1%;良性肿瘤及非肿瘤性病变306例（假阳性1例）,部分行组织学对照,诊断特异性99.2%,误诊率0.8%。结论：FNAC检查对乳腺肿块的临床诊断具有重要价值,是具有较高应用价值的病理诊断手段,其方法快捷、简便、可靠,能为临床医师提供诊断方案并部分取代术中冰冻。     

乳腺肿块细针吸取细胞学与术中冰冻切片诊断比较

目的：分析乳腺肿块细针吸取细胞学(FNAC)与术中冰冻切片诊断(IFSD)的不同特征，探索两者的临床应用价值。方法：对乳腺肿块205例分别进行FNAC和IFSD检查。结果：乳腺良性病变FNAC和IFSD的准确率分别为96．4％和98．6％，乳腺恶性肿瘤FNAC和IFSD的准确率分别为91．0％和97．0％。FNAC假阴性率为2．4％，无假阳性诊断；IFSD未出现假阴性和假阳性诊断。结论：乳腺肿块FNAC和IFSD检查是两种实用、可靠的诊断方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.