Disseminated fusarium infection

A case of disseminated Fusarium sp. infection in a bone-marrow transplant patient is described. The most likely source of the organism was food, and the importance of a specially prepared diet in immunosuppressed individuals is emphasized.     

Clinical outcome of invasive infections in children caused by highly penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae compared with infections caused by penicillin-susceptible strains

BACKGROUND: In this report based on data from the Institutional Surveillance System during 1994-1998, we document the continuing emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez in Mexico City. METHODS: We evaluate the clinical course of 49 invasive pneumococcal infection outside the central nervous system (CNS) by a number of factors including the site, severity, and place where the infection was acquired, the underlying health of the patient, and the adequacy of antimicrobial therapy. RESULTS: An underlying illness was present in 21 of 49 (43%) patients, 37 (75%) patients had taken previous antimicrobial therapy, and 25% of the infections were nosocomially acquired. Overall, 25 of 49 (51%) of the pneumococcal strains tested were pencillin-resistant; strains with the highest resistance to penicillin were also resistant to cephalosporins. Twenty-two percent of all strains were considered to be multidrug-resistant. Eleven of 25 penicillin-resistant strains were identified as multidrug-resistant, i.e., to erythromycin, TMP/SMX, and chloramphenicol. Ten serotypes accounted for 88% of the isolates, the most frequent serotypes being 23F, 14, 19V, 6A, and 6B. The overall case-fatality rate was 37% (18 of 49), with most deaths occurring within 3-5 days after antibiotic therapy was initiated. There was no difference in the case fatality rate between children with penicillin-nonsusceptible and penicillin-susceptible pneumococcal infections; instead; case-fatality rate correlated with severity of illness on admission and presence of underlying disease. CONCLUSIONS: Characterizing groups at risk for invasive pneumococcal disease could aid in the development of preventive programs and increase the benefits from wide use of future conjugated vaccines.     

播散性隐球菌病1例分析

分析在1例肝硬化脾切除术后患者被新型隐球菌侵入血流引起播散性隐球菌病的临床表现、治疗措施与实验室检测结果。患者,男性,30岁,于2016年3月因“脾大、脾功能亢进”行“脾切除+贲门周围血管离断术”,术后多次无明显诱因发热,体温最高39℃,相继伴背痛、左下肢脓肿和右髋关节痛。CT和MRI显示患者肺部病变及多处骨质破坏,期间抗生素治疗效果不佳。2017年4月19日对脓液直接革兰染色、墨汁染色,使用API 32C、Vitek 2 Compact、rDNA ITS和IGS序列分析等方法对分离自患者脓液、血液中的菌株进行鉴定,检测患者血清中隐球菌抗原,使用ATB FUNGUS 3进行抗真菌药敏试验。结果在新鲜脓液标本墨汁染色后菌株呈现厚厚的荚膜,从脓液及血液中分离出的菌株经API 32C、Vitek 2 Compact、rDNA ITS和IGS序列分析均鉴定该菌为新型隐球菌,血清新型隐球菌荚膜抗原阳性。该菌对5-氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B、氟康唑、伊曲康唑及伏立康唑的最小抑菌浓度分别为：<4 mg/L、<0.5 mg/L、4 mg/L、≤0.25 mg/L和0.125 mg/L。给予“氟康...     

Disseminated Candida albicans infection in an immunocompetent host

Candida albicans CA is an opportunistic fungus, which lives in close association with its human host. Immuno-competence is the barrier to its tendency to invade. Normal skin, commensal bacteria and neutrophils are the first hurdles and once broken down by indwelling catheters, antibiotics or ablative chemotherapies, dissemination can occur with grave consequences. We describe a young patient with apparent full immune competence, who suffered from disseminated CA infection, her presentation, diagnosis and therapy with amphotericin B deoxycholate, which lead to her complete recovery and return to a productive life.     

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator infection caused by Tsukamurella

Human infections with Tsukamurella are very rare with only 13 reported cases in the literature. Certain conditions, such as immunosuppression, an indwelling foreign body, and postoperative wounds predispose humans to Tsukamurella infections. The rarity of Tsukamurella infection in humans makes its diagnosis and treatment very difficult. This article describes the first case of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) infection related to Tsukamurella in the literature.     

Disseminated mycobacterium bovis infection in an immunocompetent host

We report about a rare case of disseminated Mycobacterium bovis infection in a 61 year old female immunocompetent patient with involvement of the lung, the brain, the spleen and spine. The patient had intracerebral tuberculomas with paradoxical enlargement during the first weeks of therapy. We reviewed the data of our microbiological department and found five other patients with Mycobacterium bovis infection diagnosed between 1999 and 2004, which are 5.8 % of all diagnoses of tuberculosis during this period.     

一起由两种型别沙门菌混合感染引起暴发疫情的病原特征

目的 对一起由科瓦利斯沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌混合感染引起的食源性暴发的病原体进行耐药分析和分子分型。方法 参照 GB4789.4-2010标准对可疑菌落进行生化鉴定、血清学分型及药敏试验后,进行脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分子分型。结果 从两份暴发病例粪便样品中同时检出科瓦利斯沙门菌（8,20∶z4,z23∶-）2株和鼠伤寒沙门菌（4,5,12∶i∶1,2）2株。选择13种常用的抗生素进行药敏试验, 4株沙门菌均对阿米卡星和庆大霉素耐药,其中2株科瓦利斯沙门菌还同时表现出对莫西沙星和四环素耐药。2株科瓦利斯沙门菌和2株鼠伤寒沙门菌的PFGE指纹图谱分别完全一致。结论 这是一起由科瓦利斯沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌混合感染所致的食源性暴发,PFGE分子分型可有效应用于食物中毒的溯源分析。     

Cutaneous fungal infection caused by Fusarium solani

Cutaneous fungal infection caused by Fusarium solani is a rare event, to which the treatment remains indetermined. The authors report a patient who suffered from cutaneous fungal infection caused by Fusarium solani, and was successfully treated by topical administration of amphotericin B and intravenous flucytosine.     

Human infection caused by penicillin-insensitive pneumococci.

Three cases of infection, including two fatal ones, caused by pneumococci relatively resistant to penicillin are reported. The patients were a 19-year-old New Guinean with fatal multisegmental pneumonia, a 10-week-old Caucasian infant who died suddenly from purulent meningitis, and an Australian Aboriginal child aged two years with bronchiectasis complicated by pneumococcal bacteraemia. The pneumococci isolated (serotypes 6, 16 and 19) showed minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G ranging from 0-1 microgram/ml to 1-0 microgram/ml (resistance ratios five to 50) and were also relatively resistant to penicillin V, methicillin, cloxacillin and cephalosporins.     

Disseminated herpes simplex virus infection in an apparently immunocompetent woman

A young, previously healthy woman developed bilateral exudative tonsillitis that was associated with severe systemic symptoms. This was followed by evidence of multisystem disease with acute abdominal pain, raised liver enzyme levels, respiratory difficulty, increasing drowsiness and multiple vesicular skin lesions. Herpes simplex virus type-1 was isolated from skin lesions and a throat swab and herpes simplex virus type-1 antigen was detected in a liver biopsy sample. She recovered rapidly without any sequelae after treatment with intravenously administered acyclovir.     

Clinical analysis of infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

目的 调查本院铜绿假单胞菌感染患者的临床资料、耐药状况及变化趋势,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供科学的依据.方法 回顾性分析本院803株铜绿假单胞菌感染患者基础疾病、应用抗菌药物、侵入性操作及细菌药敏耐药情况.结果 247例患者中共分离出 803株铜绿假单胞菌,标本主要分离自痰液;科室分布以重症监护病房(ICU)最高,其次为老年病房、神经内科病房;患者多合并基础疾病,且患者常行吸痰、气管插管、导尿等侵人性操作;患者应用哌拉西林/他唑巴坦最多,其次为美罗培南及头孢哌酮/舒巴坦;本院铜绿假单胞菌耐药情况严重,对多粘菌素B的敏感率最高,其次为阿米卡星;多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌(MDR-PA)及泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌(PDR-PA)比率分别为88.43％和10.70％.结论 铜绿假单胞菌在痰中分离最多,老年患者多见,主要集中在ICU,与患者病情重、合并较多基础疾病、接受侵入性操作有关.临床上应限制碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的使用,以减缓铜绿假单胞菌多重耐药菌株的产生.     

鲍曼不动杆菌所致医院感染的调查研究

为调查鲍曼不动杆菌在医院感染中的流行情况,对９８年从我院分离的４５株鲍曼不动杆菌的分布及药敏作回顾性研究,结果发现鲍曼不动杆菌在医院各科分布广泛,其中从ＩＣＵ中检出２７株,占６０％,从上呼吸道分离出３７株,占８４．４％,药敏结果显示对头拖拉院及增效磺胺耐药,对广谱青霉素／酶抑制剂,三代头孢,氨基甙类抗生素的耐药率较低,尤其是亚胺培南极少发现耐药株,可用于鲍曼不动杆菌的治疗。我们认为鲍曼不动杆菌是新近发现的重要条件致病菌,易引起ＩＣＵ病人的爆发流行,在医院感染中的地位不容忽视。