急进高原对武警新兵心血管功能的影响

[目的]观察急进高原对武警战士心脏和血管功能影响,为探讨新兵高原习服提供科学依据。[方法]实验于2008年在成都和拉萨完成。用XXG-E3型自动心血管功能诊断仪记录平原、急进高原d 1、d 3、d 5、d 7心脏和血管功能指标。[结果]①与平原比较,急进高原的d 1、d 3,脉搏速率加快(P﹤0.001),d 3、d 5、d 7搏出量和心搏指数减少(P﹤0.01),d 5、d 7心脏指数减少(P﹤0.05,P﹤0.001),d 7心输出量减少(P﹤0.001),d 5、d 7有效循环血量减少(P﹤0.001),d 3、d 7心肌血流灌注量减少(P﹤0.001),心肌耗氧指数、心肌耗氧量、心搏功指数、心肌血流需要量的差别均无统计学意义。②与平原比较,急进高原d 5、d 7,脉搏压减小,d 3、d 7血管顺应度、血管弹性系数、主动脉排空系数减小(P﹤0.001,P﹤0.05),d 3、d 5、d 7总外周阻力、标准周阻增大(P﹤0.001,P﹤0.05),肺动脉阻力、肺动脉压的变化差异无统计学意义。[结论]急进高原心脏功能的变化主要为心率加速和搏出量减少;对血管的影响主要是增加体循环外周阻力。     

几种藏药对急进高原新兵心电图的影响

部分藏药富含抗缺氧成分,我们观察了几种藏药对急进高原新兵心电图的影响,为研究部队急进高原增强习服能力的药物提供依据。     

急进高原和高原习服两种状态对心肌损伤指标的影响

目的探讨男性官兵急进高原和高原习服后两种暴露状态下心肌损伤指标的变化情况,为高原心肌损伤的研究提供依据。 方法将急进高原(海拔4 300 m)和高原习服后(海拔4 300 m)的新疆某部队57名官兵纳入到试验组,同时将世居平原(海拔43 m)的42名官兵纳入到对照组,利用化学发光和免疫比浊法检测试验组和对照组心肌损伤指标：肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌红蛋白(MYO)、超敏心肌肌钙蛋白I(hs-cTnI)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的变化情况。 结果人们急进高原状态时血液中CK、CK-MB、MYO、hs-cTnI、CRP和hs-CRP的中位数分别为：168.20 ng/L、1.20 ng/L、39.80 ng/L、1.00 pg/L、0.70 mg/L和0.75 mg/L;高原习服状态分别为：135.70 ng/L、0.90 ng/L、38.80 ng/L、1.00 pg/L、0.50 mg/L和0.40 mg/L,二者的CK、CK-MB和hs-CRP具有显著统计学差异(P<0.01)。与平原对照组相比较,急进状态下的各指标均具有显著统计学差异(P<0.01);而习服状态下的CK、CK-MB、MYO和hs-cTnI具有显著统计学差异(P<0.01)。 结论当机体急性暴露于高原环境导致其心肌标志物升高。而经过高原习服后炎性指标有所改善,但依然会导致其心肌标志物升高,心肌酶的升高提示心肌损伤应注意心肌保护;同时该研究为机体急进高原和高原习服心肌损伤的研究提供依据。     

部队急进高原野外生存训练卫勤保障探讨

目的：为探讨部队急性高原地区进行野外生存训练的卫勤保障措施与对策,为部队未来大规模急进高原作战、训练的卫勤保障提供参考依据。方法：一是从制定卫勤保障计划入手,进行流行病学侦察和体格检查,备足特需药材;二是由普及自救互救训练,搞好部队适应性训练;三是严密组织,合理安排机动跟进保障;四是加强卫生管理,防救结合,科学指导。结果：由于高原空气稀薄,部队快速进入高原后,绝大部分官兵都出现程度不同的高原反应,而且军官比士兵高原反应重,比例高、恢复慢;有在高原生活经历的人员反应轻,适应也较快,一般在2－3d即能基本适应3200m左右的高原环境;西北地区入伍的官兵对高原环境容易习服;久居低海拔地区的人员急进高原后,血压有轻度升高。结论：通过实践总结提出的主要对策,为部队大规模急进高原作战、训练提供了卫勤保障参考。     

急进高原对驾驶员行为功能的影响

我们随行某部队从海拔 130 0ｍ驻地摩托化开进到 360 0ｍ进行训练期间 ,对该部摩托化驾驶员在驻地和开进演习地前后的行为功能进行了测试。1　对象与方法　 ( 1)对象 :随机挑选 30名参加演习的男性驾驶员 ,年龄 2 0～ 2 5岁。出发前经体检均无高原禁忌症。 ( 2 )方法 :按照陈迈若的高原适应指数测定方法 (解放军预防医学杂志 ,1993,11( 3) :2 2 4 )令受试者充分休息 ,静卧 5ｍｉｎ后测定脉率 ;继而取坐位 ,在平静呼气末以鼻夹夹住鼻翼开始屏气 ,直至不能忍受为止 ,计算高原适应指数 (适应指数 ( % ) =呼气后屏息时间 /静卧 5ｍｉｎ脉率× 10…     

急进高原作业对官兵心理健康的影响

目的调查急进高原对部队官兵心理健康的影响,以便针对性地开展心理健康教育和临床心理辅导。方法采用随机整群抽样法抽取驻高原部队官兵190名(高原组)和平原急进高原部队官兵103名(平原组),应用SCL-90进行心理测试。结果全体参试官兵躯体化因子分显著高于全国常模,但与军人常模相比差异无显著性;其余强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑和偏执等因子分都显著低于军人常模和全国常模。平原组官兵在强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执等各因子分及阳性均分、阳性项目数和SCL-90总分上均低于高原组;在躯体化、精神病性和代表睡眠等状况的其他因子分上,均略低于高原组,但差异无统计学意义。结论此次急进高原官兵整体心理状态较为稳定,躯体化和敌对等方面的心理问题比较突出,可能和任务环境改变有关。     

抗缺氧制剂对高原战士肺功能和血氧饱和度的影响

目的研究抗缺氧功能制剂对高原移居者肺功能和血氧饱和度(SaO2)的影响,为促进高原习服、改善高原劳动能力提供新的措施。方法海拔3700m驻守>1年的男性士兵60名,随机分为抗缺氧食品组(A组),多维电解质泡腾片组(B组)和对照组(C组),每组20人,A、B组连续服用实验品14d,测量参试者服用实验品前和服用14d后的肺功能指标、安静状态SaO2以及3km越野跑前后SaO2变化幅度。结果3km越野跑后,A组SaO2下降幅度为3.80%,B组为6.65%,均明显低于服食前(A组14.60%、B组16.20%,P<0.01);C组服食前(14.01%)与服食后(15.40%)比较差异无显著性;服食后B组最大通气量为(118.2±3.2)L/min,明显高于服食前〔(108.8±12.8)L/min(P<0.05)〕。结论抗缺氧食品和多维电解质泡腾饮片可以显著提高机体低氧环境下运动后SaO2,对改善人体高原劳动能力具有明显作用。     

预适应锻炼对急进高原新兵脑功能的保护作用

目的探讨预适应锻炼对新兵急进高原后脑功能的改善作用。方法120名新兵随机分为4组:对照组、面罩组、运动组和面罩复合运动组。在进入高原前,面罩复合运动组佩带低氧呼吸器小步快走10 min,休息5 min后重复进行,上、下午各进行4次,连续进行7 d;面罩组、运动组分别只佩带低氧呼吸器或单纯运动。在空运进入高原后,比较进高原前、后的神经行为核心测试组合系统指标的改变,并对急性高原反应症状进行分析。结果使用低氧呼吸器复合小步快走5 min时动脉血氧饱和度可降到(80.5±5.7)%,达到预缺氧的目的。新兵进入3 658 m高原后,对照组、面罩组和运动组的数字跨度、目标追踪测试分值明显下降(P<0.05),而面罩复合运动组无明显改变(P>0.05);各组进藏前、后的简单反应时、数字译码和视觉保留均无显著性改变(P>0.05),手敏捷度则显著提高(P<0.05)。对照组、面罩组、运动组和面罩复合运动组的急性高原反应发病率分别为13.3%、20.0%、20.0%、3.3%。结论进入高原前,应用低氧呼吸器辅以适当运动,能改善急进高原人群的即时听觉记忆能力和手部运动的速度及准确性,避免部分脑功能的损害,并使急性高原反应发病率呈降低趋势。     

进驻不同海拔高原不同时间官兵高原适应指数和血氧饱和 …

为了调查研究长期驻守在高原的官兵对低氧环境的适应水平和健康状况，采用跟随进驻高原部队就地调查的方法，对进驻在海拔３７００、４３００、５２００和５３８０ｍ的１２１名青年进行了连续半年或１年高原适应指数、血氧饱和度（ＳａＯ２）、血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）和红血球压积（ＨＣＴ）的检测。结果表明，部队进驻３７００ｍ等４ｄ和半年，９５％以上的青年达到了基本适应和已经适应的水平；进驻５３８０ｍ第４ｄ和半年，９５％以上的     

急进高原人群的血常规指标分析

目的 探讨急进高原人群血常规正常参考范围,为建立该人群血常规的正常参考值范围提供科学依据。方法选取256名男性战士为受试对象,分别在进入高原前(海拔1100 m)、急进高原后(海拔4100 m)7 d和30 d进行静脉采血,以分析进驻高原后各时间点各血常规指标的变化情况。结果 与上高原前比较,随着海拔高度的增加和进驻高原时间的延长,红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、血小板(PLT)值都显著增加,但白细胞(WBC)值、平均红细胞体积(MCV)值、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)值、平均血红蛋白含量(MCHC)值均未发生显著变化。结论 应建立急进高原人群不同时间血常规的正常值参考范围,对高原病的诊断有重要意义。     

模拟高原低氧对大鼠心肌线粒体中钙浓度的影响及中药的保护作用

目的 观察急进高原及持续低氧对大鼠心肌线粒体中钙离子浓度的影响,探讨中药复方对心肌线粒体的保护作用.方法 SD雄性大鼠分为平原对照组(C)、急进高原1d组(H1)、中药干预1d组(Z1)、急进高原3d组(H3)、中药干预3d组(Z3)、急进高原7d组(H7)、中药干预7d组(Z7).用荧光分光光度法测线粒体内游离Ca2+浓度;采用分光光度法测线粒体Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶.结果 与c组比较,急进高原的3组线粒体内Ca2浓度明显降低(P＜0.001),7H组线粒体膜钠钾泵活性、钙镁泵活性明显降低(P＜0.05).相等时间段比较表明,Z3组、Z7组线粒体内Ca2+浓度明显升高(P ＜0.001).Z7组钠钾ATP酶活力明显升高(P＜0.05).结论 急进高原使大鼠心肌线粒体中钙浓度明显降低,中药复方改善了低氧对线粒体的影响.     

食品级藏灵菇培养液对高脂血症患者血脂血压的影响

目的观察食品级藏灵菇培养液对高脂血症患者血脂、血压的调节效果.方法选择高脂血症患者90例,随机分为对照组、牛奶组和试验组,每组30例,试验组每日睡前摄入藏灵菇培养液4 ml/kg体重,牛奶组喝等剂量牛奶,连续服用20天;对照组除不饮用藏灵菇培养液和牛奶外其他试验条件与试验组和牛奶组保持一致.3组试验前后分别测定血脂(总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇)、血压.结果服用藏灵菇培养液的高脂血症患者试验前后血清总胆固醇的降低幅度大于牛奶组和对照组(P＜0.05),牛奶组与对照组之间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及血压试验前后的改变3组间差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).结论服用藏灵菇培养液对高脂血症患者血脂中的胆固醇有一定的降低作用.     

ERCP患者血压、SPO2变化的临床观察

目的使逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）患者顺利接受检查，确保检查安全。方法采用多参数监护仪自动检测患者术前、术中、术后的血压和动脉血氧饱和度（SPO2）的动态变化。结果术前、术中、术后舒张压及术前、术后SPO2变化不明显（P〉0．05），无统计学意义，其它均发生明显（P〈0．05）。结论术中血压、SPO2有明显变化，临床上应高度重视，严密观察病情变化，采取积极措施干预，确保患者安全地接受此项检查。     

The Effect of Saffron Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: The favorable influences of saffron supplementation on metabolic diseases have previously been shown. We aimed to assess the effects of saffron supplementation on blood pressure in adults. Methods: A systematic search was performed in Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to the effect of saffron supplementation on blood pressure in adults up to March 2021. The primary search yielded 182 publications, of which eight RCTs were eligible. Results: Our results showed that saffron supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference (WMD): −0.65 mmHg; 95% CI: −1.12 to −0.18, p = 0.006) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: −1.23 mmHg; 95% CI: −1.64 to −0.81, p < 0.001). Moreover, saffron supplementation reduced DBP in a non-linear fashion, based on duration (r = −2.45, p-nonlinearity = 0.008). Conclusions: Saffron supplementation may significantly improve both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults. It should be noted that the hypotensive effects of saffron supplementation were small and may not reach clinical importance.     

孕期被动吸烟对新生儿脐血铅及听力的影响

目的 探讨孕期被动吸烟与宫内铅暴露水平及新生儿听神经发育的关系.方法 经过问卷调查,选择符合条件的孕妇及其新生儿105例,分为对照组(36例)、暴露组[包括高暴露组(36例)和低暴露组(33例)],以新生儿脐血铅含量作为胎儿宫内铅暴露的指标,新生儿耳声发射听力筛查(OAE)3日初检阳性率作为听神经发育受损概率的指标,比较组间差异.结果 对照组、暴露组的脐血铅水平的几何均值分别为:21.38、33.88μg/L(高暴露组和低暴露组分别为39.81μg/L和30.20 μg/L),各组比较,差异均有统计学意义.对照组、暴露组的新生儿OAE 3日初检阳性率分别为11.11%,31.88%(高暴露组和低暴露组分别为38.89%和15.15%),各组比较,对照组与暴露组及对照组与高暴露组的差异有统计学意义,对照组与低暴露组的差异无统计学意义.将母血铅与脐血铅进行总的及各组内的相关性分析,均呈正相关.结论 孕期被动吸烟可以明显提高脐血铅水平并可能至少在短期内进一步影响新生儿的听神经发育;母血铅水平可作为胎儿宫内铅暴露的指标,用于评价铅暴露对新生儿神经行为发育的影响.     

Isoflavone Supplementation Does Not Potentiate the Effect of Combined Exercise Training on Resting and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Non-Obese Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial-A Pilot Study

Physical exercise and isoflavone supplementation are potential strategies to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are additive effects of isoflavone supplementation when associated with combined aerobic and resistance exercise on resting and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and in blood pressure variability (BPV). Thirty-one non-obese postmenopausal women were randomly allocated into two groups: placebo and exercise (Placebo n = 19); and isoflavone supplementation (100 mg/day) and exercise (isoflavone n = 19). ABPM and BPV were evaluated before and after 10 weeks of moderate combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise training. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) with Bonferroni correction and intention-to-treat analysis was used to compare the effects of interventions on resting BP, ABPM and BPV. Combined exercise training decreased resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and reduced 24 h and awake ambulatory SBP, DBP and mean blood pressure over time, with no additional effects of isoflavone supplementation. No changes were observed in sleep period, or in BPV indexes (Standard Deviation of 24 h (SD), daytime and nighttime interval (SDdn) and average real variability (ARV) in both groups. We conclude that isoflavone supplementation does not potentiate the effects of combined training on resting and ambulatorial systolic and diastolic blood pressure in non-obese postmenopausal women.     

Effect of Green Coffee Consumption on Resting Energy Expenditure,Blood Pressure,and Body Temperature in Healthy Women: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of green coffee consumption on resting energy expenditures (REEs), blood pressure, and body temperature of individuals.

Method: The study was conducted with 24 women. The REE values of the individuals were measured with the COSMED Fitmate PRO. After the first REE measurements, individuals were given 1 cup of green coffee that was prepared to contain 6 mg caffeine per kg of lean body mass. After coffee consumption, REE measurements were made at 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. Blood pressure (mm Hg) and body temperature values (°C) were measured simultaneously with REE measurement.

Results: There was a positive correlation between the caffeine amounts given with green coffee and 30-minute (p < 0.05), 60-minute (p = 0.06), and 120-minute (p < 0.05) REE (kcal/d) values. There was also a positive correlation between the total chlorogenic acid taken with green coffee and 30-minute (p < 0.05), 60-minute (p = 0.06), and 120-minute (p < 0.05) REE (kcal/d) values. The intracellular and extracellular fluid amounts liter(l) before and after consumption of green coffee by individuals were 18.7 ± 1.57 versus 18.6 ± 1.44 (p < 0.05) and 11.4 ± 1.01 versus 11.2 ± 0.97 (p < 0.05), respectively. The body temperature (°C) changes observed in the individuals whose usual dietary caffeine intake was less than or equal to the 50th percentile after green coffee consumption were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Similarly, the diastolic blood pressure changes observed in the individuals whose usual dietary caffeine intake was less than or equal to the 50th percentile after green coffee consumption was almost statistically significant (p = 0.06).

Conclusions: The results of this study showed that 6 mg caffeine/kg (lean body mass) intake among women changed body temperature and blood pressure values and liquid balance depending on the usual dietary coffee intake. In addition, chlorogenic acid is also correlated with REE values besides green coffee caffeine.

Key teaching points

? There are several findings, and chlorogenic acid may have antihypertensive effects.

? There is a significant correlation between green coffee chlorogenic acid amount and REE.

? Intracellular and extracellular liquid amounts decrease following green coffee consumption (215–280 mg caffeine), and these changes are observed in individuals whose usual dietary caffeine intake is relatively both low and high.

? The body temperature values of individuals whose usual dietary caffeine intake was in the 50th percentile or greater (relatively high) increased after green coffee consumption.

Short-Term RCT of Increased Dietary Potassium from Potato or Potassium Gluconate: Effect on Blood Pressure,Microcirculation, and Potassium and Sodium Retention in Pre-Hypertensive-to-Hypertensive Adults

Increased potassium intake has been linked to improvements in cardiovascular and other health outcomes. We assessed increasing potassium intake through food or supplements as part of a controlled diet on blood pressure (BP), microcirculation (endothelial function), and potassium and sodium retention in thirty pre-hypertensive-to-hypertensive men and women. Participants were randomly assigned to a sequence of four 17 day dietary potassium treatments: a basal diet (control) of 60 mmol/d and three phases of 85 mmol/d added as potatoes, French fries, or a potassium gluconate supplement. Blood pressure was measured by manual auscultation, cutaneous microvascular and endothelial function by thermal hyperemia, utilizing laser Doppler flowmetry, and mineral retention by metabolic balance. There were no significant differences among treatments for end-of-treatment BP, change in BP over time, or endothelial function using a mixed-model ANOVA. However, there was a greater change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) over time by feeding baked/boiled potatoes compared with control (−6.0 mmHg vs. −2.6 mmHg; p = 0.011) using contrast analysis. Potassium retention was highest with supplements. Individuals with a higher cardiometabolic risk may benefit by increasing potassium intake. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02697708","term_id":"NCT02697708"}}NCT02697708.     

Feasibility of Low-Sodium,High-Potassium Processed Foods and Their Effect on Blood Pressure in Free-Living Japanese Men: A Randomized,Double-Blind Controlled Trial

We aimed to verify the effect of new low-sodium high-potassium seasonings and processed foods containing poly-γ-glutamic acid on blood pressure in free-living settings. To this end, we conducted a randomized, double-blind controlled trial on 187 Japanese men, aged 35–67 years, who did not use antihypertensives. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention (n = 93) or a control group (n = 94). They were given a boxed lunch and miso soup (average Na and K content for the intervention group: 1175 and 1476 mg; for the control group: 2243 and 703 mg, respectively). Blood pressure was measured three times every morning for 1 week immediately before and during the final week of the trial. On the day before and the final day of the intervention period, 24 h urine samples were collected. After intervention, the intervention group showed a significantly stronger decrease in the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio than the control group (p < 0.001). The mean difference in systolic blood pressure change after adjustment for baseline values between the two groups was −2.1 (95% CI: −3.6, −0.6) mmHg. Compliance between the groups was similar, suggesting successful blinding. In conclusion, the use of new seasonings and processed foods aimed at lowering blood pressure in free-living settings may be feasible and effective.