淄博市淄川区3类食品的卫生监测分析

我们在 2 0 0 3年对淄川区小的食品生产单位生产的食品和小摊点经销的食品 (碳酸饮料、蜜饯食品、糕点 )进行了监测 ,结果如下。1　采样与方法1.1　采样　所采样品均为小、的食品生产单位生产和小摊点经销的食品 ,碳酸饮料、蜜饯食品、糕点 3类食品。1 2　检测方法　按国标检测方法进行。碳酸饮料检测项目有 :砷、铜、铅、食品添加剂、菌落总数、大肠菌群、致病菌 :蜜饯食品检测项目有 :砷、铜、铅、食品添加剂、菌落总数、大肠菌群、致病菌 ,霉菌计数 ;糕点检测项目有 :酸价、过氧化值、砷、铅、食品添加剂、菌落总数、大肠菌群、致病菌、…     

无锡市南长区2006—2010年食品卫生质量分析

目的了解无锡市南长区2006—2010年食品卫生质量状况,及时发现存在的问题,有针对性地采取监管措施,提高食品的卫生质量,保障消费者的身心健康。方法依据国家食品卫生标准对全区肉及肉制品、豆制品、蜜饯等10类食品进行检测、评价,采用SPSS 17.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果检测1 692份样品,合格1 301份,平均合格率为76.89%,其中酱腌菜合格率最高,酱油、饮料、乳及乳制品、发酵酒、蜜饯、糕点与面包、冷冻饮品合格率居中,均在73%以上,而肉及肉制品、豆制品合格率较低。结论南长区食品卫生质量逐年提高,但肉及肉制品、豆制品等食品卫生质量不容乐观,应将此类食品作为今后食品安全风险监测及食品安全监管的重点。     

蚌埠铁路分局辖区食品索证现状调查

目的　了解蚌埠铁路分局辖区食品生产经营单位的食品索证情况 ,探讨食品索证管理的策略。方法　随机抽取蚌埠铁路分局辖区的 4 5户食品生产经营单位进行索证情况调查。结果　食品平均索证合格率为 6 0 .72 % ;食品添加剂、罐头、饮料、酒类、糕点、乳及乳制品的索证合格率相对高于肉类及其制品、调味品、蜜饯、粮油及其制品 ;食品生产经营单位的性质不同 ,索证合格率有显著差别。结论　应将肉类及其制品、调味品、蜜饯、粮油及其制品和餐饮服务业作为食品索证监督检查重点。     

淄博市淄川区2013 年食品安全微生物检测结果的分析

目的对淄博市淄川区经销的食品进行采样检测,了解食品的安全状况,为食品安全执法提供科学依据。方法按照GB2010（（食品安全国家标准》和GB／T4789—2003（（食品卫生微生物学检验》。对超市、餐饮业、农贸市场等的熟肉制品、乳制品、饮料、凉拌菜进行采样检测。结果采样检测301份样品,合格230份,合格率为76．4％,熟肉制品合格率为76．5％,乳制品合格率为84．0％,凉拌菜合格率为73．9％,饮料合格率为71．9％。其中各类样品均检出了致病菌,共18珠。结论淄川区食品采样检测的合格率普遍较高,但不合格的食品仍然对人们的健康有食品安全隐患,致病菌的检出更是存在食源性致病的风险。     

2009年越城区食品卫生质量抽检结果分析

目的了解2009年越城区食品卫生状况,切实加强食品安全管理,保障广大消费者身体健康。方法根据《2009年越城区食品卫生监督抽检计划》,对越城区范围内的餐饮单位、经营单位、自制零售单位、生产单位、学校等5类单位13类食品卫生监督抽检,共计241份样品,并依据相关国家检测标准进行检测,检验结果判定则根据相应国家卫生标准进行评判。结果食品检测总合格率为85.9%;其中食用植物油、果蔬汁饮料、蔬菜、水发产品、腌制水产品、桶装饮用水、散装食用油和热加工糕点抽检合格率均为100.0%;食用动物油脂合格率80.0%;熟肉制品合格率73.7%;冷加工糕点合格率60.0%;食用冰块合格率45.0%。结论熟肉制品、冷加工糕点和食用冰块的合格率偏低,应加强对其卫生监督管理,并针对不合格原因采取相应的措施,确保消费者的食品安全。     

2010年-2014年广西桂中地区自制果、蔬汁(饮料)的卫生质量分析

目的分析2010年-2014年广西桂中地区饮食业中自制果、蔬汁(饮料)的卫生情况,评价自制果、蔬汁(饮料)的卫生质量,为制定合理有效的控制措施提供科学依据。方法按每年食品监督抽样、风险评估及专项监测的要求,对桂中地区采集的自制果、蔬汁(饮料)样品,按GB 19297—2003《果、蔬汁饮料卫生标准》进行检验分析。结果所检测的289份样品中微生物指标合格172份,合格率为59.5%,不合格的项目主要为菌落总数超标。结论 2010年-2014年广西桂中地区自制果、蔬汁(饮料)中,菌落总数项目超标较高,应引起重视,相关部门应采取措施,保护消费者的健康。     

2004年保德县蜜饯食品生产经营企业卫生状况调查

[目的]通过对蜜饯食品的抽检,及时掌握保德县六个乡镇蜜饯食品生产经营企业的卫生质量状况,为实施行之有效的监管职能,加强食品安全提供科学依据。[方法]根据《全国卫生监督机构工作规范》的采样程序和采样要求,将分布在保德县六个乡镇的蜜饯食品生产经营企业的28份蜜饯(糖枣)样品,在规定时间在委托忻州市疾控中心进行了理化和微生物指标检测分析。[结果]蜜饯食品合格率为82.14%,六个乡镇28个蜜饯生产经营企业的蜜饯产品,理化指标和霉菌污染率相似,没有区域性差异,定型包装样品微生物指标合格率高于散装,包装车间工作台样品合格率高于库房或销售门市。[结论]蜜饯产品的理化指标合格率相对稳定,微生物指标受污染机会较多,提示卫生监督机构和广大消费者在消除食品安全隐患的同时加大监管微生物指标合格的力度。     

86份样品中食品添加剂含量调查报告

佛山市顺德区卫生监督所对辖区内部分食品生产经营单位使用食品添加剂进行了抽样调查,发现部分小型食品加工如糕点、水发产品和集贸市场散装食品摊贩存在不规范使用食品添加剂或使用非食用化学物质的现象。通过86份样品中添加剂含量的检测,糕点、蜜饯、油炸食品中柠檬黄、残留铝及糖精钠合格率较低,水发产品甲醛严重超标。作者建议加强食品生产经营过程中食品添加剂的监督管理。     

莱州市2000～2003年8类食品卫生监测结果分析

[目的 ]掌握莱州市食品卫生现状 ,指导食品卫生监督。 [方法 ]对莱州市 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年抽检的 8类食品按照相关标准进行检验和评价。 [结果 ]各类食品总合格率为 87 2 % ,合格率呈逐年上升趋势 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 1)。食品合格率由高到低顺序为粮食、酒、植物油、肉制品、碳酸饮料、糕点、调味品、冷冻饮品 ;主要超标指标分别为过氧化苯甲酰、杂醇油 (蒸馏酒及配制酒 )与菌落总数 (发酵酒 )、过氧化值、亚硝酸盐、菌落总数、过氧化值、菌落总数、菌落总数。 [结论 ]食品合格率逐年提高 ,应加强对碳酸饮料、调味品及冷冻饮品的监督监测 ,以主要不合格指标为该类食品的必检指标。     

2004年聊城市东昌府区2类食品卫生质量抽检结果分析

[目的]了解东昌府区糕点、面包类与饼干类食品的卫生质量状况。[方法]对2004年在东昌府区城区及周边16个乡镇采集的糕点、面包类和饼干类样品检测资料进行分析。[结果]检测样品1 180份,合格率为84.41%。其中,糕点、面包类样品合格率为83.35%,城区合格率高于乡镇,生产加工单位合格率高于销售单位(P<0.01);饼干类样品合格率为87.30%,城区与乡镇、生产加工单位与销售单位样品的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不合格项目是菌落总数、大肠菌群、酸价和过氧化值。[结论]饼干类的合格率较高,糕点、面包类的合格率较低;销售单位糕点、面包类的卫生质量较差,乡镇样品的卫生问题较为突出。     

河北省小学生饮料消费现状调查

目的 了解我省小学生饮料消费现状,为我省小学生饮料摄入行为的干预提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法选取我省2 016名小学生为调查对象,采用统一问卷进行入户调查。结果 河北省小学生饮料饮用率为73.92%。饮用率前三位的饮料依次为植物蛋白饮料、非100%果蔬汁饮料、碳酸饮料,饮用率分别为39.97%、34.47%、34.36%,饮用频率多为≤3次/周。高年级小学生植物蛋白饮料和碳酸饮料饮用率均高于低年级（χ2值分别为8.839和18.657,P均＜0.05）;母亲文化程度在大专及以上者非100%果蔬汁饮料饮用率高于高中及以下者（χ2 = 15.311,P＜0.05）。结论 应重点加强城市地区、高年级小学生及其监护人的饮品健康宣教,适当控制其各类饮料饮用。     

Transitions in infants’ and toddlers’ beverage patterns

ObjectiveTo describe transitions and patterns in infants’ and toddlers’ beverage intakes, with focus on nonmilk beverages.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted by telephone to obtain a 24-hour dietary recall of infants’ and toddlers’ food intakes, as reported by mothers or other primary caregivers.SubjectsA nationwide sample of infants and toddlers (n=3,022) ages 4 to 24 months, who participated in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS).AnalysesBeverages were categorized as total milks (ie, breast milk, infant formulas, cow’s milk, soy milk, goat’s milk), 100% juices, fruit drinks, carbonated beverages, water, and “other.” Analyses included means ± standard deviations, percentages, frequencies, nutrient densities, and linear regression.ResultsBeverages provided 84% of total daily food energy for infants 4 to 6 months of age, decreasing to 36% at ages 19 to 24 months. Apple juice and apple-flavored fruit drinks were the most frequently consumed beverages in the 100% juice and fruit drink categories, respectively. Juices, fruit drinks, and carbonated beverages appeared to displace milk in toddlers’ diets (P<.0001).Applications/conclusionsThis research shows that beverages make important contributions to infants’ and toddlers’ energy and nutrient needs, but they must be wisely chosen. Registered dietitians should advise parents and caregivers that excessive intakes of any beverage, including milks and 100% juices, may displace other foods and beverages in the diet and/or contribute to excess food energy (kcal). Further research is needed to define excessive amounts in each beverage category, and such guidance could be very useful to parents and caregivers of infants and toddlers.     

National survey beverage consumption data for children and adolescents indicate the need to encourage a shift toward more nutritive beverages

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recently issued recommendations for 100% fruit juice consumption for children and adolescents. National survey data (1994-1996, 1998 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals) were used to evaluate intake of 100% fruit juice for comparison with AAP recommendations. Mean daily intakes of 100% fruit juice were 0.9, 4.6, and 3.4 ounces in children aged <6 months, 6 months-6 years, and 7-18 years, respectively, which fall within AAP recommendations for these age groups. At age 5, mean intake of fruit drinks and ades exceeded that of 100% fruit juice (P=.009). Carbonated soft drink intake exceeded that of 100% fruit juice at age 5 and of milk at age 13 (P<.04). By age 13, adolescents drank more carbonated soft drinks than 100% fruit juice, milk, or fruit drinks and ades. Increased consumption of nutrient-dense beverages (100% fruit juice, milk) and water as part of a varied diet should be encouraged.     

吉林省食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物残留量监测与结果分析

目的:通过对吉林省内销售的饮料和食用植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯类残留量的监测,了解吉林省内销售的饮料和食用植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯类非法使用和残留量的现状。方法:在全省食品安全风险监测点抽取包括碳酸饮料、运动饮料、茶饮料、果冻、乳化剂、果蔬汁、酸奶、乳化香精、果酱、方便面、食用植物油等11种类107份样品,采用GC-MS检测邻苯二甲酸酯类残留量。结果:在碳酸饮料等10类样品中均未检出邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物,而食用植物油则不同程度检测出邻苯二甲酸酯类物质。结论:吉林省内销售的食用油中邻苯二甲酸酯类残留量含量较高,有必要对其加强迁移监测和危害分析。     

深圳市光明区二年级小学生零食行为习惯及知识运用趋势分析

目的 了解近年来深圳市光明区二年级小学生零食行为习惯及知识运用的变化趋势,为基层医疗卫生机构制定儿童慢病干预措施提供依据。方法 运用整群随机抽样法在2015—2018年间分别抽取该区6、4、6、6所小学二年级学生,采用自行设计问卷进行调查并运用趋势分析。结果 共收回有效问卷1 035份,其中男生616人（59.52%）,平均年龄（8.10±0.73）岁;女生419人（40.48%）,平均年龄（7.96±0.74）岁。排名前5的零食依次为水果类（58.94%）、面包蛋糕类（46.76%）、果冻类（35.07%）、饼干薯片类（30.34%）和坚果类（29.28%）,饮料（除白开水）为纯牛奶酸奶类（58.55%）、果汁（39.32%）、碳酸饮料（27.15%）、凉茶绿茶类（23.77%）和爽歪歪营养快线类（23.19%）。以年度分层统计显示,零食中的果冻类、果脯话梅蜜饯类、油炸烧烤类,与饮料中的凉茶绿茶类、功能饮料、碳酸饮料、咖啡奶茶类、爽歪歪营养快线类的食用率呈明显下降趋势（P<0.05或P<0.01）;而零食中的水果类、面包蛋糕类,和饮料中的纯牛奶酸奶类则食用率显著增加（P<0.05或P<0.01）。另外,将白开水作为常规饮品的使用率逐年显著增加（P<0.01）。在消费零食及饮料的常见原因中,饿了/渴了占比最高（61.26%）,其次为看电视或无聊（47.73%）。在卫生习惯和食品知识运用方面,仅买零食看生产日期在各年度的变化趋势有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 深圳市光明区二年级小学生零食行为与习惯近年总体趋势向好,但仍需开展针对性干预措施。     

Substituting homemade fruit juice for sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with lower odds of metabolic syndrome among Hispanic adults

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has been associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, studies conducted on Hispanic adults are scarce. To determine the association between beverages consumed by Hispanic adults and MetS and its components, data were analyzed in 1872 Costa Rican adults who served as controls of a population-based, case-control study of coronary heart disease. Multivariate-adjusted means were calculated for components of MetS by servings (never, ≤ 1/wk; 2-6/wk, ≥ 1/d) of 2 traditional fruit-based beverages ("fresco" and freshly-squeezed homemade fruit juice, separately) and 2 SSB (instant drinks and regular sodas, separately and combined). The prevalence ratio (PR) of MetS was calculated for each beverage and the OR was calculated by substituting one serving of homemade fruit juice or water for one of SSB. Significant positive trends were observed for increasing servings of instant drinks with plasma TG and waist circumference and for regular soda with waist circumference (all P-trend < 0.001). Increasing servings of homemade fruit juice were positively associated with HDL cholesterol (P-trend = 0.033). Consuming ≥1 serving/d of instant drinks was associated with a higher PR of MetS [1.42 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.83)] compared with no consumption. Substituting one serving of homemade fruit juice for instant drink was associated with 29% (95% CI: 7, 47%) lower odds of MetS and for regular soda with 30% (95% CI: 1, 50%) lower odds. Substituting water for combined SSB was marginally significant (OR = 0.86 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.00). In conclusion, reducing the consumption of SSB and substituting them with homemade fruit juices in moderation may be a culturally appropriate approach to lower MetS among Hispanic adults.     

Beverage Intake and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The SECOST

The contribution and impact of beverage intake to total nutrient and energy intake may be substantial. Given the link between lifestyle, diet, and the risk of pregnancy complications, this study investigated the association between the quantity and types of beverages with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. The study included 452 women from the Seremban Cohort Study (SECOST). The mean energy by beverage intake was 273 ± 23.83 kcal/day (pre-pregnancy), 349 ± 69.46 kcal/day (first trimester) and 361 ± 64.24 kcal/day (second trimester). Women significantly increased intake of maternal milks and malted drinks, but significantly reduced the intake of carbonated drinks and other drinks from before until the second trimester of pregnancy. For chocolate drinks, carbonated drinks, and soy milk, women increased intake from pre-conception to the first trimester, but reduced their intake from the first to the second trimester. While higher intake of cultured-milk drinks was associated with an increased risk of GDM, higher fruit juice intake was associated with a lower risk of GDM. However, these associations were only observed for intake prior to pregnancy and during the first trimester. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings and investigate the contributions of different beverages to overall diet quality as well as adverse health outcomes during pregnancy.     

Product samples stimulate choice of unfamiliar healthful food products

The purpose of this study was to assess whether the availability of a product sample of an unfamiliar low-fat or fruit and vegetable products stimulates choice for this product among food neophobic young adults. The study had a 2 (experimental vs. control group) by 4 (low-fat bread spread, low-fat cheese, fruit juice, fruit and vegetable juice) between subjects design with a pre-and post-experiment questionnaire. The study was conducted in restaurant rooms of several educational institutions in the Netherlands among a convenience sample of 197 food neophobic young adults aged 17-25 years. A small bite or sip-sized sample of the target product was provided as an intervention. The effect measure was choice of either an unfamiliar healthful food product or a traditional food product. Offering a sample of an unfamiliar healthful food product resulted in 51% of the participants in the experimental group choosing this product vs. 36.4% in the control group. Providing food product samples seems to be a promising strategy in healthy diet promotion programs for food neophobic young adults to increase first-time trial of unfamiliar low-fat and fruit and vegetable products.