Aneurysm of the mitral valve complicating Streptococcus milleri endocarditis

A case of Streptococcus milleri endocarditis which caused an aneurysm of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve is reported. There is only one previous report of a mitral valve aneurysm secondary to infective endocarditis demonstrated by angiography. Streptococcus milleri normally causes endocarditis in an older age group than the patient we describe. Some salient features of this increasingly recognized human pathogen are emphasized.     

感染性心内膜炎外科治疗的经验

目的总结感染性心内膜炎外科治疗经验.方法回顾分析1995年3月至2004年3月25例感染性心内膜炎患者施行的手术治疗.其中9例急诊手术,16例择期手术.包括二尖瓣置换术3例,主动脉瓣置换术13例,主动脉瓣和二尖瓣联合置换术8例.应用带瓣管道行主动脉根部、主动脉瓣替换和冠状动脉移植术1例.同期处理动脉导管未闭1例,室间隔缺损2例,瓦氏窦瘤破裂合并室间隔缺损1例.结果治愈24例(96%),术后早期死亡1例(4%).结论外科手术是治疗感染性心内膜炎的优选方法,手术的时机以及加强围术期的处理是手术成功的关键.     

成人感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗(附38例报告)

目的总结成人感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗经验。方法选择38例成人感染性心内膜炎患者,行受累瓣膜置换术及合并畸形处理,术前、术后抗感染治疗。结果行主动脉瓣置换术20例,二尖瓣置换术11例,双瓣置换术7例,同期行室间隔缺损修补术5例,房间隔缺损修补术2例,瓦氏窦瘤破裂修补术2例,动脉导管切断缝合1例,肺动脉瓣成形术1例。早期并发症4例,分别为开胸止血2例,胸骨哆开2例;远期主动脉瓣轻度瓣周漏1例。术后随访1～9年,无复发及死亡病例。结论早期明确诊断,及时的手术治疗,围手术期的正确处理可使感染性心内膜炎获得优良的治疗效果。     

巨噬细胞集落刺激因子及其受体参与感染性心内膜炎发病的实验研究

目的研究巨噬细胞集落刺激因子及其受体(M-CSF/c-fms)在单核/巨噬细胞参与感染性心内膜炎(IE)发生过程中的生物学作用。方法两种剂量金黄色葡萄球菌注射联合手术损伤心脏瓣膜的方法分别建立4组IE家兔模型;术后24 h处死,取出心脏瓣膜,肉眼、电镜观察。RT-PCR法检测各组瓣膜的M-CSF、c-fms mRNA表达水平。结果32例动物中存活26例,14例发生IE;小剂量组中赘生物产生、细菌培养阳性率显著低于大剂量组(P<0.05);手术+细菌注射可诱导二尖瓣、三尖瓣M-CSF mRNA表达明显增加(P<0.05),c-fms mRNA表达明显降低(P<0.05);大剂量细菌注射比小剂量细菌注射可诱导二尖瓣M-CSF mRNA表达进一步明显增加(P<0.01),三尖瓣差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论M-CSF/c-fms是参与IE发生的重要因子之一;左、右心腔对大剂量细菌入侵有不同的抗感染免疫反应,也是左、右心IE有不同临床特点的原因之一。     

感染性心内膜炎37例的外科治疗

目的　报道感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗经验。方法　分析外科治疗感染性心内膜炎 37例 ,其中主动脉瓣替换 17例 ,双瓣膜替换 10例 ,二尖瓣替换 7例 ,三尖瓣替换 1例 ,肺动脉瓣替换 1例 ,双瓣膜替换同时行三尖瓣和肺动脉瓣修复 1例 ,同期处理动脉导管未闭 5例 ,室间隔缺损 4例 ,瓦氏窦瘤破裂合并室间隔缺损 2例。结果　术后早期死亡 2例 (5 4 % ) ,随访无晚期复发。结论　感染性心内膜炎手术时机的掌握对治疗效果至关重要 ,心脏超声检查在本病诊断上有重要意义     

The heterogeneity of Streptococcus viridans: therapeutic considerations in infective endocarditis

A 24-year-old woman with Marfan's syndrome and mitral regurgitation had clinical features suggestive of infective endocarditis. The causative organism was Streptococcus viridans. Initial therapy with penicillin G, in a dose that should have been bactericidal and hence curative according to the results of the initial quantitative antimicrobial studies, became inadequate. The strain of S. viridans displayed considerable variation in both growth properties and antimicrobial sensitivity during the course of therapy. In addition, a different strain of S. viridans was cultured 1 month after treatment had begun. It is therefore important to repeat cultures and antimicrobial sensitivity testing during treatment of infective endocarditis.     

A rare case of Moraxella lacunata producing combined native mitral and aortic valve endocarditis

We describe a case of infective endocarditis due to Moraxella lacunata involving the native mitral and aortic valves, complicated by cerebral emboli and resultant hemiparesis. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone and gentamicin and improved. This appears to be the first case reported in the medical literature of native multivalvular endocarditis produced by this rare organism.     

86例感染性心内膜炎外科治疗

目的：评价外科手术治疗感染性心内膜炎的效果。方法：通过回顾性分析我院86例感染性心内膜炎的外科手法治疗，其中33例行主动脉辩置换，2l例行二尖瓣置换，6例行二尖辩成形术，9例行联合瓣膜置换，8例行室间隔缺损修补，4例行动脉导管缝闭术，2例行法乐氏四联症根治术，1例行肺动脉辩切开术，降主动脉人造血管置换术2例。结果：全组均经手术治愈，无1例手术过程中死亡。术中早期死亡1例，术后随访3月～5年，无复发及死亡病例。结论：本研究证实外科手术治疗感染性心内膜是一种有效的治疗措施。它降低了感染性心内膜炎的死亡率。     

Postoperative regression of clubbing at an unexpected rate in a patient with aortic and mitral valve replacement due to infective endocarditis

Pulmonary diseases such as malignancies, empyema, bronchiectasis, digestive tract malignancies, inflammatory bowel diseases, cyanotic congenital heart diseases and infective endocarditis can cause clubbing. We present a 63-year-old female patient with infective endocarditis, who had clubbing that resolved very rapidly after cardiac surgery due to rupture of the mitral papillary muscle. She had persistent fever and in her echocardiographic examination rupture of the papillary muscle of the anterior mitral valve and significant aortic regurgitation was noted. She was scheduled for emergency operation and had debridement and replacement of the mitral and the aortic valves. During the follow-up, she had complaints of pain in the distal parts of the fingers. The convex shape of the nails changed and basal portions were apparently thinner and paler than the previous thickened and discoloured, hyperkeratotic nails. This newly growing tissue rapidly replaced the old thick nails in 3 days.     

41例感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗

目的；总结感染性心内膜炎的特点及外科治疗经验。方法：回顾性分析41例感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗。其中施行主动脉瓣置换术22例，二尖瓣置换术9例，双瓣置换术4例，三尖瓣修复成形术3例，肺动脉瓣成形术3例。同期矫治合并畸形，包括室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、主动脉窦瘤破裂和右室流出道梗阻。结果：术后早期残废2例，病死率5％。术后随访3月－5年（平均3.2年），无复发及晚期死亡病你。结论：外科治疗感染性心内膜炎的死亡率低。尽早手术可避免心肌细胞发生不可逆性损害，有利于心功能恢复。     

41例感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗

目的 :总结感染性心内膜炎的特点及外科治疗经验。方法 :回顾性分析 4 1例感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗。其中施行主动脉瓣置换术 2 2例 ,二尖瓣置换术 9例 ,双瓣置换术 4例 ,三尖瓣修复成形术 3例 ,肺动脉瓣成形术 3例。同期矫治合并畸形 ,包括室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、主动脉窦瘤破裂和右室流出道梗阻。结果 :术后早期死亡 2例 ,病死率 5 %。术后随访 3月～ 5年 (平均 3 2年 ) ,无复发及晚期死亡病例。结论 :外科治疗感染性心内膜炎的死亡率低。尽早手术可避免心肌细胞发生不可逆性损害 ,有利于心功能恢复     

Coarctation of the aorta associated with a sinus venosus atrial septal defect presenting with endocarditis in middle age

We report the case of a 44 year old man who presented with an infective endocarditis and was found to have a coarctation of the aorta associated with a sinus venosus atrial septal defect and a small ventricular septal defect. The association of coarctation with a sinus venous atrial septal defect presenting with endocarditis in an adult is extremely rare.     

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with malignant disease: a clinicopathological study of 16 cases

Among 2627 necropsies performed in the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, over a period of 11 years, 16 cases of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) were found in patients with cancer (13 adenocarcinomas). The final stay in hospital of seven of these patients was complicated by a major embolic cerebral (six patients), or spinal cord (one patient), stroke. In all cases, the diagnosis of NBTE was made at necropsy. The aortic valve was affected in 10 patients, the mitral valve in five, and both the mitral and tricuspid valves in one. The diagnosis of NBTE should be considered in any patient with a known, or suspected, malignant neoplasm who suffers a stroke or other unexplained embolic events.     

Aetiology and outcome in 53 cases of native valve staphylococcal endocarditis

Within the last 30 years the profile of infective endocarditis has altered considerably with regard to microbiological causation, clinical features, and natural history. A contributory factor has undoubtedly been the development of potent antibiotics and their sometimes indiscriminate use. The increase in intravenous drug abuse in urban centres, the use of immunosuppressive agents, and the use of prosthetic heart valves have also all contributed. Although cardiac surgery in the uninfected heart provides a perfect environment for infective endocarditis, the improved design of prosthetic valves and the enhanced long-term survival and decreased immediate operative risk, means that surgery is viewed as the best option in many cases. In a series of 53 cases of staphylococcal endocarditis from a national endocarditis survey, those risk factors which influenced outcome were analysed. Thirty out of 53 patients had predisposing heart disease. Mortality was 39.6%. Statistical analysis revealed that attributable mortality was significantly associated with skin infection, systemic embolisation, and inappropriate therapy. Interestingly, surgical treatment was associated with better outcome.     

Surgical treatment of active native mitral infective endocarditis: A meta-analysis of current evidence

Background

The native mitral lesion of active infective endocarditis implies a poor prognosis and is associated with adverse short- or long-term results without surgical treatment. Both mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) and mitral valve replacement (MVR) have been performed in the treatment of active native mitral infective endocarditis (ANMIE). However, the outcomes of the two approaches remain unclear. The aim of this study was to systematically review the two procedures with mortality and survival as the primary endpoints.

Infective endocarditis in pregnancy complicated by septic embolization to the cerebellum

This report describes a pregnant lady in early trimester that was admitted with fever and left loin pain and was initially treated as presumed pyelonephritis. Subsequently she was found to have infective endocarditis with vegetation on the mitral valve. The course of her illness was complicated by acute pulmonary edema and septic embolization to the cerebellum. A decompressive craniectomy and resection of the lateral lobe of cerebellum was performed. Although the presenting features and risk factors are well described, the atypical presentations of infective endocarditis in pregnancy remain a diagnostic challenge for the treating physician. This report highlights the importance of rapid detection of endocarditis in pregnancy and the treatment of systemic complications.     

先天性心脏病感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗

目的 总结１９９０年３月至１９９８年７月在我院手术治疗的４４例先天性心脏病并发心内膜炎患者的诊断和治疗经验。方法 男３０例,女１４例,平均年龄３１．２岁,血培养２８例,阳性１２例,３７例在感染控制后手术,７例于感染活动期手术。所有病例均彻底清除了感染灶,纠治瓣膜病变及先心病。     

外科手术治疗原发性感染性心内膜炎疗效观察

目的探讨手术治疗原发性感染性心内膜炎的近远期效果。方法对2002年1月—2013年6月连续收治的符合Duke诊断标准的原发性感染性心内膜炎患者16例进行回顾性研究。主要终点事件为与感染性心内膜炎相关性死亡、二次手术、感染性心内膜炎复发。结果 16例患者中男12例,女4例,男女比为3:1,年龄25.0⁶0.6(46.7±13.9)岁,行二尖瓣置换术9例,主动脉瓣置换术4例,二尖瓣主动脉瓣联合置换术3例,30 d内病死率为18.8%(3/16)。随访12例,随访时间060.6(46.7±13.9)岁,行二尖瓣置换术9例,主动脉瓣置换术4例,二尖瓣主动脉瓣联合置换术3例,30 d内病死率为18.8%(3/16)。随访12例,随访时间0¹37(42.3±5.0)月,5年生存率为80.0%,远期死亡原因主要为心功能不全、感染性心内膜炎复发。结论感染性心内膜炎仍是高病死率疾病,心脏彩色超声可以提高其诊断率,早期手术有利于提高远期效果。     

Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis complicated by bilateral pneumothorax

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of endocarditis in intravenous drug users. The organism gains access by intravenous injection or from the direct invasion of skin at injection sites. Known for its aggressiveness, the right sided endocarditis that ensues can lead to complications such as pulmonary abscesses and even death. We report the unusual case of an intravenous drug abuser, who following the occurrence of extensive pulmonary abscesses, developed bilateral pneumothoraces within a few days.     

感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗

目的：临床总结探讨30例感染性心内膜炎（IE）的外科治疗经验。方法：30例IE中，男22例，女8例；年龄3～50岁（平均26．3岁）；心功能（NYIIA）Ⅱ级5例，Ⅲ级19例，Ⅳ级6例。择期手术18例，急诊手术12例。施行二尖瓣替换术4例，主动脉瓣替换术6例（其中1例合并主动脉窦瘤破裂同期行窦瘤切除修补术，主动脉二尖瓣双瓣替换术8例，三尖瓣修复成形术2例；室间隔缺损修补术5例，动脉导管直视缝闭术4例，法乐氏四联症根治术2例，右室双腔心根治术1例。结果：本组死亡3例，死亡率10％，分别为主动脉二尖瓣替换术后并发多脏器功能衰竭、室颤各1例，法乐氏四联症术后低心输出量综合征1例。27例术后随访9～250个月（平均86．4个月），晚期死亡2例，均为人造瓣膜心内膜炎。存活25例（83．3％）术后心功能明显改善，心功能恢复至Ⅰ级者20例，Ⅱ级者4例，Ⅲ级1例。结论：外科治疗是难治性IE的有效治疗手段，IE手术成功的关键在于，尽可能清除感染病灶和彻底根治心脏基础疾病。