Cyclin E、CDK2和p21WAF1在食管上皮癌变过程中的表达及意义

目的探讨食管上皮癌变过程中细胞周期调控因子cyclin E、CDK2和p21WAF1的表达状况及其意义.方法应用免疫组化SP法和原位杂交方法分别检测48例食管癌组织、31例非典型增生组织和17例正常食管粘膜中cyclin E、CDK2和p21WAF1蛋白及mRNA表达.应用半定量RT-PCR和Western blot检测22例新鲜食管癌及相应癌旁组织的mRNA和蛋白表达.结果从食管正常粘膜、非典型增生组织到癌组织,cyclin E和CDK2蛋白和mRNA阳性表达率逐渐上升,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).食管癌组织中cyclin E、CDK2和p21WAF1蛋白及mRNA高表达,与癌旁组织或切缘正常食管粘膜有显著性差异(P＜0.01).cyclin E、CDK2和p21WAF1基因表达显著正相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论食管上皮癌变过程中,细胞周期相关基因cyclin E和CDK2表达逐渐增强.cyclin E基因表达异常是食管癌变过程中的早期事件.p21WAF1基因在食管癌中高表达,可能与细胞周期调控的反馈机制有关.     

食管上皮癌变过程中CDK4、p18、p19的表达及意义

Objective To investigate the role of cell cycle regulatory protein CDK4,p18,p19 in the genesis and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods Tissue microarray and immunohistochemical method (Envision) were used to detect the protein expression of CDK4,p18,p19 in 120 cases of esophageal tissues.The results were statistically analyzed.Results The positive rate of CDK4 protein expression in normal esophageal epithelium was low [28.3 % (34/120)],it increased in esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia [32.5 % (39/120)],and it was high in esophageal SCC [84.2 % (101/120)],which increased with the degree of SCC differentiation decreasing gradually.There was significant differences between the SCC and normal esophageal epithelium or esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia (x2= 76.004,P ＜0.05; x 2= 65.897,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of CDK4 in group with lymphatic metastasis [93.88 % (46/49)]was higher than without it [71.43 % (55/71)] (x2= 5.860,P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of p18,p19 protein expression in normal esophageal epithelium were high [34.2 % (41/120),29.2 % (35/120)],it decreased in esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia [19.2 % (23/120),15.0 % (1 8/120)] (x 2= 134.481,P ＜ 0.05; x 2 = 141.376,P ＜ 0.05),but it were high in esophageal SCC [63.3 % (76/120) and 61.7 % (74/120)] which decreased with the degree of SCC differentiation gradually increased.There were significant differences between the normal esophageal epithelium and esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia,esophegeal intraepithelial neoplasia and SCC,normal esophageal epithelium and SCC (p 18:x 2 = 6.903,48.296,20.429,P ＜ 0.05; p1 9:x2 = 6.998,55.276,25.565,P＜ 0.05).CDK4 protein expression was correlated with both p18 and p19 (r =0.696,0.630,P ＜0.05),and there was significant positive correlation between the protein expression of p18 and p19 (r =0.833,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Cell cycle regulatory gene CDK4,p18,p19 get involved in the genesis and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Their protein expressions are closely related to canceration of esophageal epithelium.     

食管上皮癌变过程中CDK4、p18、p19的表达及意义

Objective To investigate the role of cell cycle regulatory protein CDK4,p18,p19 in the genesis and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods Tissue microarray and immunohistochemical method (Envision) were used to detect the protein expression of CDK4,p18,p19 in 120 cases of esophageal tissues.The results were statistically analyzed.Results The positive rate of CDK4 protein expression in normal esophageal epithelium was low [28.3 % (34/120)],it increased in esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia [32.5 % (39/120)],and it was high in esophageal SCC [84.2 % (101/120)],which increased with the degree of SCC differentiation decreasing gradually.There was significant differences between the SCC and normal esophageal epithelium or esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia (x2= 76.004,P ＜0.05; x 2= 65.897,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of CDK4 in group with lymphatic metastasis [93.88 % (46/49)]was higher than without it [71.43 % (55/71)] (x2= 5.860,P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of p18,p19 protein expression in normal esophageal epithelium were high [34.2 % (41/120),29.2 % (35/120)],it decreased in esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia [19.2 % (23/120),15.0 % (1 8/120)] (x 2= 134.481,P ＜ 0.05; x 2 = 141.376,P ＜ 0.05),but it were high in esophageal SCC [63.3 % (76/120) and 61.7 % (74/120)] which decreased with the degree of SCC differentiation gradually increased.There were significant differences between the normal esophageal epithelium and esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia,esophegeal intraepithelial neoplasia and SCC,normal esophageal epithelium and SCC (p 18:x 2 = 6.903,48.296,20.429,P ＜ 0.05; p1 9:x2 = 6.998,55.276,25.565,P＜ 0.05).CDK4 protein expression was correlated with both p18 and p19 (r =0.696,0.630,P ＜0.05),and there was significant positive correlation between the protein expression of p18 and p19 (r =0.833,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Cell cycle regulatory gene CDK4,p18,p19 get involved in the genesis and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Their protein expressions are closely related to canceration of esophageal epithelium.     

p16和cyclin D1在膀胱癌中的表达及预后意义

目的 :探讨膀胱癌中p16和cyclinD1蛋白的表达及意义。方法 :采用免疫组化S P法检测p16和cyclinD1蛋白在 82例膀胱移行细胞癌和 15例正常膀胱黏膜组织中的表达。结果 :p16蛋白的表达在正常膀胱黏膜中阳性率为 10 0 % ,膀胱癌为 4 0 2 % ,差异有极显著意义 ,P <0 0 0 1;膀胱癌组织cyclinD1蛋白阳性率 (6 7 1% )显著高于正常膀胱黏膜 (2 0 0 % ) ,P <0 0 0 5。随着膀胱癌分级及临床分期的增高 ,p16表达显著减少 ,而cyclinD1表达阳性率增高。cyclinD1蛋白表达阳性率在未复发组低于复发组 ,差异有极显著意义 ,P <0 0 2 5。结论 :p16的缺失表达和cyclinD1的过表达均参与了膀胱癌的发生发展过程 ,cyclinD1的过表达还与膀胱癌术后复发有关。     

喉癌癌变过程中CyclinE和p53表达的临床病理学意义

目的研究喉癌癌变过程中ＣｙｃｌｉｎＥ和ｐ５３表达的临床病理学意义。方法用免疫组化检测２０例喉正常粘膜、４０例不典型增生病变和６０例喉癌组织中ＣｙｃｌｉｎＥ和ｐ５３的表达。结果ＣｙｃｌｉｎＥ和ｐ５３阳性表达均定位于细胞核。在喉癌癌变过程中,喉正常粘膜、不典型增生病变和喉癌中ＣｙｃｌｉｎＥ阳性表达率分别为５．０％（１／２０）、２０．０％（８／４０）和４５．０％（２７／６０）（Ｐ＜０．００１）。ｐ５３阳性表达率分别为０、３０．０％（１２／４０）和６１．７％（３７／６０）（Ｐ＜０．００１）。淋巴结转移组ＣｙｃｌｉｎＥ阳性表达率明显高于非淋巴结转移组;ＣｙｃｌｉｎＥ和ｐ５３阳性表达显著性相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＣｙｃｌｉｎＥ和ｐ５３异常表达可能是喉癌发生中早期分子事件,对喉癌发展起重要作用。     

食管上皮癌变过程中CDK4、p18、p19的表达及意义

 【摘要】　目的　探讨细胞周期调控蛋白CDK4、p18、p19在食管鳞状细胞癌（SCC）发生、发展中的作用。方法　制作组织芯片,用免疫组织化学EnVision二步法对120例食管癌患者手术标本中CDK4、p18、p19的表达进行检测,并对其结果进行统计分析。结果　CDK4蛋白在正常食管上皮的表达低[28.3 %（34／120）],瘤变上皮中有所增高[32.5 %（39／120）],食管SCC中表达高[84.2 %（101／120）],且随SCC分化程度的降低而逐渐增高,SCC与正常上皮及瘤变上皮中CDK4表达阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2＝76.004,P＜0.05;χ2＝65.897,P＜0.05）。淋巴结转移组CDK4表达率[93.88 %（46／49）]高于无淋巴结转移组[71.43 %（55／71）]（χ2＝5.860,P＜0.05）。p18、p19 蛋白在正常食管上皮组织阳性表达率分别为34.2 %（41／120）、29.2 %（35／120）,在食管瘤变上皮中表达率分别为19.2 %（23／120）、15.0 %（18／120）,在SCC中表达率分别为63.3 %（76／120）、61.7 %（74／120）,两指标在正常上皮及瘤变上皮间、瘤变上皮与SCC间、正常上皮与SCC间差异均有统计学意义（p18：χ2＝6.903、48.296、20.429,均P＜0.05;p19：χ2＝6.998、55.276、25.565,均P＜0.05）;在食管SCC中随分化程度的降低而逐渐增高。p18、p19分别与CDK4基因表达呈正相关（r＝0.696、0.630,均P＜0.05）。p18与p19二者呈正相关（r＝0.833,P＜0.05）。结论　细胞周期调控基因CDK4 、p18、p19参与食管SCC的发生、发展,其蛋白表达与食管上皮癌变密切相关。     

睾丸精原细胞瘤中p27kip1、p21ras、p16的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨p27kip1、p21ras、p16在精原细胞瘤中的表达及临床意义.方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测46例精原细胞瘤组织、10例正常睾丸组织p27kip1、p21ras、p16蛋白的表达情况.同时用PCR法检测27例精原细胞瘤组织p16和p21基因的缺失情况.结果 p27kip1在精原细胞瘤组织中的阳性表达率为48.9%(22/45),显著低于正常睾丸组织的90.0%(P<0.05),p27kip1蛋白在精原细胞瘤组织中的阳性表达与淋巴结和远处器官转移相关(P<0.05),与组织学分型无关;p21ras、p16蛋白在精原细胞瘤组织中的阳性表达率分别为42.2%(19/45)和60.0%(27/45),与正常睾丸组织比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05).p16、p21ras蛋白在精原细胞瘤组织中的表达与组织学类型及淋巴结转移无相关性(P>0.05).p21基因无纯合子缺失.p16基因纯合子缺失率为44.4%(12/27),其缺失率与精原细胞瘤的组织学类型、淋巴结和远处器官转移无关.p27kip1、p21ras及p16阳性表达率之间有相关性(P<0.05).结论 p27kip1蛋白的低表达或缺失可能与精原细胞瘤的发生、浸润转移有关,可作为估计精原细胞瘤预后的良好指标.p16基因的缺失和表达下降可能是精原细胞瘤发生的早期事件.     

食管鳞癌p27的表达及其临床意义

目的　p2 7可抑制细胞周期的向前推进 ,作用于细胞周期的分子更能较精确地反映肿瘤的生物学行为。即可为临床提供更为有价值的信息。本研究的目的是观察p2 7在食管癌的表达特性及阐明该分子标志物与临床病理因素之间的关系。方法　 89例 (5 6例男性、33例女性 )食管鳞癌行外科手术切除。其标本用p2 7抗体行免疫组织化学染色。p2 7表达程度以标记指数表示。结果　p2 7免疫染色在瘤与非瘤组织均固定于细胞核。p2 7的阳性免疫染色在高分化鳞癌 (4 7 3% ,14 /32 )多于其它类型 (35 5 % ,11/31;2 3 1% ,6 /2 6 ) ,有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　食管鳞癌细胞的增殖状况信息可由p2 7的表达程度提示 ,p2 7表达缺失提示食管鳞癌分化差     

细胞周期蛋白D1和p21WAF1/CIP1在喉癌癌变过程中表达及其意义

目的研究喉癌变过程中细胞周期蛋白(cyclin)D1和p21WAF1/CIP1表达及其临床病理学意义.方法用免疫组化检测20例正常黏膜、40例不典型增生病变和60例喉癌组织中cyclinD1和p21WAF1/CIP1的表达.结果①cyclin D1和p21WAF1/CIP1阳性表达定位于细胞核.②在喉癌癌变过程中,喉正常黏膜、不典型增生病变和喉癌中cyclin D1阳性表达率分别为5.0%(1/20),30,0%(12/40),53.3%(32/60)(P＜0.001);p21WAF1/CIP1阳性表达率分别为95.0%(19/20),75.0%(30/40)和63.3%(38/60)(P＜0.05).③p21WAF1/CIP1在高、中和低分化的喉癌中阳性表达率分别为76.2%(16/21),65.5%(19/29)和30.0%(3/10)(P＜0.05);p21WAF1/CIP1阳性表达与肿瘤细胞的分化有关.④cyclin D1和p21WAF1/CIP1阳性表达显著相关.结论①喉癌癌变过程中cyclin D1阳性表达率呈逐渐升高的趋势,而p21WAF1/CIP1阳性表达率呈呈逐渐降低的趋势.②cyclin D1异常表达是喉癌发生中早期分子事件.③p21WAF1/CIP1表达与喉癌细胞分化程度有关.④cyclin D1和p21WAF1/CIP1阳性表达显著相关.     

p21WAF1/CIP1基因的转录调控机制及其与肿瘤的关系

 p21WAF1/ CIP1基因参与多条信号通路，在细胞周期、细胞分化及凋亡等重要的细胞活动中具有重要作用。文章对p21WAF1/CIP1基因转录调控机制及其与肿瘤的关系进行阐述，以进一步明确其在肿瘤诊断、治疗和预后评价中的应用价值。     

胃癌中p21WAF1与p53基因的相关性研究

目的　探讨胃癌中 p2 1WAF 1与 p5 3基因的关系。方法　采用 S- P法检测 p2 1WAF 1和 p5 3在胃癌中的表达。结果　 p2 1与 p5 3在正常胃黏膜、不典型增生、胃癌中的阳性表达率分别为 10 0 .0 %与 0 %、92 .5 %与 15 .0 %、39.8%与 5 6 .5 % ;40例不典型增生 ,p5 3阳性而 p2 1阴性者为 5 .0 % ,p5 3阴性而 p2 1阳性为 82 .5 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;p2 1、p5 3阳性高分化腺癌各为 6 3.3%与 36 .7% ,与低分化腺癌 32 .7%与 78.2 %比较 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;48.1%的胃癌 p2 1、p5 3蛋白表达相反 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;p2 1表达在侵犯浅肌层为 6 0 .0 %显著高于深肌层的 35 .2 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;p2 1、p5 3在原发与转移癌中一致表达为 35 .3%与 70 .6 % ,皆与未转移癌 6 2 .5 %与 42 .5 %有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;p2 1在 TNM 期 6 0 .0 %、 期 5 6 .2 %显著高于 期 2 7.8%、 期 2 2 .2 % (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　正常胃黏膜和不典型增生 p2 1蛋白表达大部分依赖 p5 3蛋白 ,而胃癌在相当程度上不依赖。p2 1失表达和 p5 3异常表达与胃癌发生、分化程度、转移有关 ,而 p2 1失表达还与侵袭、临床分期关系密切     

胃肠道类癌中生长抑素和p21^WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达的意义

目的探讨生长抑素和p21WAF1/CIP1蛋白阳性表达与胃肠道类癌的组织分化、浸润和转移的关系.方法采用免疫组化S-P法对36例胃肠道类癌组织生长抑素和p21WAF1/CIP1蛋白的表达进行检测.结果 36例类癌组织中,生长抑素和p21WAF1/CIP1蛋白较多表达于高分化类癌组(P＜0.05),随着肿瘤的浸润和淋巴结转移,生长抑素阳性表达率显著降低(P＜0.01),p21WAF1/CIP1阳性表达差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论生长抑素和p21WAF1/CIP1低表达在类癌的组织分化和发展中起着重要作用,可用于临床对患者进行预后判断.     

Topological analysis of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in esophageal squamous dysplasia.

In the normal stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus, only the third to the fifth layers of cells express the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 (p21). Using immunohistochemical staining, we examined the topological distribution of cells expressing p21, p53, Ki67, and cytokeratin 10 (CK10), a differentiation marker of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), in 25 superficial SCCs and 72 dysplastic lesions of the esophagus. Image analysis of p21, p53, and Ki67 expression was also performed in 48 dysplastic lesions. In superficial SCCs, although Ki67- and p53-expressing cells were mainly distributed in the deep layers of tumors despite tumor differentiation, the distribution of p21 correlated with tumor differentiation. In dysplastic lesions, p53- and Ki67-coexpressing cells tended to locate in the same layers and expand in the lower layers of epithelium with the progression of dysplasia. p21-expressing cells shifted to the upper layers of the epithelium with the progression of dysplasia. However, this change was heterogeneous; in some lesions, p21-expressing cells were confined to the superficial layers of atypical cells (confined type), whereas in others, p21-overexpressing cells were scattered among atypical cells (scattered type). CK10 expression was observed in 25% of dysplastic lesions, and the frequency of CK10 expression was significantly higher in the scattered than in the confined type. Our results suggest that esophageal squamous dysplasia represents the earliest pathological process in esophageal squamous carcinogenesis. Our results also suggest that differentiation of esophageal SCC is determined at the stage of dysplasia, and that p21 plays a critical role in the differentiation process.     

Correlation between reduced p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and abnormal p53 expression in esophageal carcinomas

Direct gene transfer into somatic tissue iii vivo is a developing technology with potential application for cancer gene therapy. In this study, recombinant vaccinia virus encoding human IL-2 gene (rVV-IL-2) was used as a candidate vector in mediating iii vivo gene therapy. After rVV-IL-2 was expanded in VERO cells for 72 h, high titer (10(8)-10(10) PFU/ml) rVV-IL-2 were harvested. When 10(6) murine melanoma cells (F16-F10) were infected with rVV-IL-2, about 200 U/ml IL-2 activity was detected in the supernatants at 8 h, and the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and MHC-I expressions on the melanoma cells were observed. The treatment of murine melanoma model by local injection of rVV-IL-2 into the tumor site showed that rVV-IL-2 transfection significantly inhibited the tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. The splenocytes from rVV-IL-2 treated mice showed higher cytotoxicities of NK, LAK and CTL in comparison with those from the controls. These results suggest that in vivo transfection mediated by rVV-IL-2 has potential effectiveness in enhancing host immunity and would be a useful approach to cancer gene therapy.     

胃癌及癌前病变中p16、p21WAF1、CDK4、cyclin D1蛋白的表达及其意义

目的探讨胃癌及癌前病变中p16、p21WAF1、CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白的表达、相互关系及其意义。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测胃癌、不典型增生、慢性浅表性胃炎及正常胃组织中p16、p21WAF1、CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白的表达情况。结果胃癌中p16和p21WAF1蛋白表达率分别为52.7％、30.9％,显著低于慢性浅表性胃炎和不典型增生（P<0.01）,而CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白表达率分别为61.8％、47.3％,均明显高于正常胃组织和慢性浅表性胃炎,差异有显著性（P<0.01）,但胃癌和不典型增生组织中CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白表达率之间差异无显著性（P>0.05）。胃癌中p16与cyclinD1蛋白表达呈负相关关系（P<0.05）,而CDK4与cyclinD1呈正相关关系（P<0.01）。结论胃癌发生机制涉及p16、p21WAF1、CDK4和cyclinD1调节通路中多个基因的异常,且与胃癌Lauren分型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关。CDK4和cyclinD1蛋白高表达可能是胃癌发生过程中的早期分子事件。     

p21~(WAF1)基因在胃癌及癌前病变中表达的临床病理意义

 目的 探讨ｐ２１ＷＡＦ１蛋白表达与胃癌发生、发展、浸润转移及临床分期的关系。方法 采用 Ｓ－Ｐ免疫组化法，分别检测２０例正常胃粘膜、４０例不典型增生胃粘膜和１０８例胃癌ｐ２１ＷＡＦ１蛋白表达。结果ｐ２１ＷＡＦ１阳性表达率：正常与不典型增生胃粘膜分别为 １００％、９２％，显著高于胃癌 ３９％（Ｐ ＜０．０５）；高分化腺癌６３％，分别与低分化腺癌３５％、未分化癌２６％、粘液癌３０％及印戒细胞癌２０％比较，皆具有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；临床Ⅰ期６０％和Ⅱ期５６％显著高于Ⅲ期２７％和Ⅳ期２２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；伴淋巴结转移３５％与未转移６２％有显著差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）；浸润浅肌层 ６０％较浸润深肌层 ３５％差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）而与性别、年龄无关。结论ｐ２１ＷＡＦ１蛋白失表达与胃癌发生、分化程度、浸润、淋巴结转移及临床分期相关。