应用骨盆骨折Tile分类预测患者早期输血量的初步研究

目的：研究骨盆骨折Tile分类与患者早期输血量之间的相关性，便于预测骨折患者的输血量，指导急救早期对血流动力学不稳患者的治疗，减少死亡率。方法：回顾性研究5年间收治的97例骨盆骨折患者（包括复合伤患者），用KruskalWallis非参数统计检验患者在受伤后早期的输血量与Tile骨盆骨折不同分类之间的相关性。结果：三型骨折患者骨折的严重程度与输血量统计学上有显著的相关性。97例患者平均输血量为912ml，其中A组平均输血252ml，B组为892ml，C组为2200ml;ISS评分平均为18．4，其中C组为28．7。死亡率平均为5．2％，C组平均为19．0％。结论：Tile骨折分类方法和骨盆骨折患者输血量具有显著的相关性，因而有临床预测价值。骨折类型越严重，患者早期复苏时的输血量就越多，其中严重类型（C型）骨折患者平均输血达2200ml以上。     

骨盆骨折Tile分类与患者早期输血量之间的关系

目的：研究骨盆骨折Tile分类与患者输血量之间的关系，便于对骨折患者的输血量进行预测，指导临床早期对血流动力学不稳患者的救治，减少死亡率。方法：回顾性研究5年间我院收治的97例骨盆骨折患者（平均年龄40．7岁）输血量、ISS评分、伴发损伤、住院时间、死亡率等与骨折不同分类之间的关系。结果：3型骨折患者骨折的严重程度与输血量、ISS、死亡率等，各组之间具统计学显著性差异。患者平均输血量为912ml，其中C组平均输血2200ml。ISS评分平均为18．4，其中C组为28．7。死亡率平均为5．2％，C组平均为19．0％。并且骨折的3组分类的伴发损伤之间也有统计学上差别。结论：Tile骨折分类方法能对骨盆骨折患者输血量有一定的预测价值。骨折类型越严重，患者早期复苏时的输血量就越多，伴发胸腹部损伤的机会和ISS评分也增加。     

骨盆骨折分型与输血量关系的初步研究

目的探讨闭合性骨盆骨折类型与患者伤后早期输血量的关联性。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2017-12诊治的497例闭合性骨盆骨折,AO-A型骨折395例,AO-B型骨折63例,AO-C型骨折39例,分析骨盆骨折类型与伤后6 h内输血量的关联性。结果 497例闭合性骨盆骨折患者中104例需要输血,伤后6 h内输血量为100～10 000 mL,平均1 213.9 mL。104例中53例输血量为100～600 mL,9例输血量600～900 mL,14例输血量900～1 500 mL,28例输血量1 500 mL。最终9例因失血性休克死亡,A型骨盆骨折患者1例,B型骨盆骨折患者4例,C型骨盆骨折患者4例。A型骨盆骨折患者中49例需要输血,输血量平均437.8 mL;B型骨盆骨折患者中32例需要输血,输血量平均1 603.1 mL;C型骨盆骨折患者中23例需要输血,输血量平均2 191.3 mL。C型骨盆骨折患者输血比例高于A型与B型骨盆骨折患者,同时输血量也大于A型与B型骨盆骨折患者;B型骨盆骨折患者输血比例高于A型骨盆骨折患者,同时输血量也大于A型骨盆骨折患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论随着骨盆骨折程度的加重,需要输血的患者比例升高,同时输血量也相应增多,临床医师要有针对性地加强输血救治措施,预防休克发生。     

前后环有限切开内固定结合外固定架治疗Tile C2、3型骨盆骨折

目的探讨前后环有限切开内固定结合外固定架治疗Tile C2、3型骨盆骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析本院2010-01—2014-09诊治的Tile C2、3型骨盆骨折19例。骨折按Tile分型:C2型12例,C3型7例。所有患者进行定期随访,采用Matta评价标准及Majeed评分系统以判断患者最终疗效情况。结果本组平均手术时间160 min,出血平均190 ml,随访时间10~24个月,平均18个月。随访期间无感染、内固定松动等并发症发生。采用Majeed功能评分:优10例,良7例,可1例,差1例。末次随访骨折复位按Matta等评分标准:优11例,良5例,可2例,差1例。结论前后环有限切开内固定结合外固定架治疗Tile C2、C3型骨盆骨折,具有创伤小、操作简单的优点,能有效恢复骨盆解剖结构及稳定性、减少并发症,临床疗效满意,是治疗Tile C2、3型骨盆骨折的一种有效方法。     

损伤控制骨科在Tile B、C型骨盆骨折合并四肢骨折治疗中的可行性研究

[目的]探讨损伤控制骨科(damage control orthopedics,DCO)对Tile B、C型骨盆骨折合并四肢骨折治疗的可行性及疗效。[方法]对本院2014年3月~2016年3月收治的34例Tile B、C型骨盆骨折合并四肢骨折患者进行研究,分为DCO组及早期全面处理(early total care,ETC)组,每组17例,DCO组先稳定生命体征,二期固定骨折,其中3例患者的骨盆骨折以外架作为终极手术固定,其余患者及骨折或临时外架固定或骨牵引、石膏固定,待生命体征稳定后采用切开复位方法治疗;ETC组患者在生命体征稳定后于24~48 h内实施一期骨折固定。比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间及各项生理指标的恢复情况,统计所有患者的损伤严重程度评分(ISS),根据欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)评估术后生活质量。[结果]与ETC组比较,DCO组体温、PT、APTT的恢复时间、出血量及手术时间均得到明显改善;两组患者均随访1年,DCO组及ETC组的EQ-5D分别为:(0.56±0.17)、(0.57±0.26),两组间评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]两组患者均能获得较好的生活质量,DCO用于Tile B、C型骨盆骨折的治疗更能满足患者需要,不仅提高治疗效果,也能降低并发症及死亡率。     

不稳定骨盆骨折的外固定架治疗

近年来,不稳定骨盆骨折,尤其在多发伤患者中的不稳定骨盆骨折受到众多学者的重视。早期进行骨盆外固定架固定可有效地控制失血、稳定骨折,利于重症患者的转运和抢救。同时,对于特定类型的骨盆骨折,外固定技术可以作为一种有效的治疗方法。我院自2001年3月-2005年6月,应用骨盆外固定架固定治疗不稳定骨盆骨折,取得了良好效果。1临床资料本组26例,男14例,女12例;年龄18~64岁,平均35·4岁。按Tile分类[1]:B1型12例,B2型9例,C1型2例,C2型3例,其中开放骨折1例。骨折均为高能量创伤,车祸伤14例,压砸伤6例,高处坠落伤6例。并发休克13例,合并直肠…     

比较纱布填塞术与造影栓塞术治疗骨盆骨折大出血的效能

 目的 比较纱布填塞术与造影栓塞术在骨盆骨折大出血治疗中的效能。方法 回顾性分析2004年4月至2012年4月治疗43例骨盆骨折大出血的患者资料。按照骨盆骨折的救治流程进行救治,其中26例应用纱布填塞术（填塞组）,17例应用造影栓塞术（栓塞组）。填塞组26例,男15例,女11例;平均年龄41.6岁;车祸伤12例,坠落伤8例,砸伤6例;骨盆骨折Tile分型：B型16例,C型10例,其中4例为开放性骨盆骨折,5例伴有腹部脏器损伤。栓塞组17例,男10例,女7例;平均年龄39.2岁;车祸伤9例,坠落伤5例,砸伤3例;骨盆骨折Tile分型：A型2例,B型11例,C型4例。比较两组患者的创伤严重程度评分（ISS）、手术时间、输血量、并发症等。结果 填塞组平均ISS评分为（52.4±15.3）分,栓塞组为（40.6±12.4）分;填塞组平均手术时间为（42.0±2.1） min,栓塞组为（86.0±3.6） min;填塞组术后24 h内输血量平均为（6.0±1.6） U,栓塞组为（10.0±2.1） U;填塞组ICU住院时间平均为（8.0±3.6） d,栓塞组为（11.0±1.8） d;以上指标两者比较差异均有统计学意义。填塞组术前输血量平均为（15.0±4.7） U,栓塞组为（13.0±5.4） U,两者比较差异无统计学意义。填塞组2例行二次纱布填塞止血,栓塞组6例行二次纱布填塞治疗。填塞组术后5例死亡,无因大出血而死亡的患者;栓塞组术后4例死亡,1例因大出血而于术后32 h死亡。填塞组3例患者术后7～9 d发生深部感染,其中1例于术后第16天死亡,另2例与栓塞组1例（术后第9天发生浅表感染）经换药处理后好转。结论 纱布填塞术较造影栓塞术手术时间短,止血效果确切,可明显减少术后输血量、ICU住院时间及术后的死亡率,更适用于我国国情及基层医院的骨盆骨折出血的抢救。     

骨盆骨折的手术治疗

目的 :探讨骨盆骨折各种手术方法的适应证及治疗效果。方法 :选择 3 2例骨盆骨折手术治疗病人 ,根据Tile’s分型及病人情况选择手术方法。多发伤、Tile’sB型早期 (平均 6.2h )行骨折闭合复位及外固定架固定 ,单纯骨盆骨折、Tile’sC型在伤后 5～ 7d行开放复位 ,用 3 .5～ 4.5mm重建钢板、拉力螺钉固定。结果 :本组 3 0例得到随访 ,平均随访 2 3 .4个月 ,骨折均愈合良好 ,肢体功能恢复良好。结论 :对于骨盆骨折 ,无论采取哪一种治疗方法 ,只要适应证选择得当 ,均能获得良好效果。     

计算机辅助技术在骨盆骨折畸形愈合治疗中的应用

 目的 探讨计算机辅助技术在骨盆畸形愈合治疗中的价值。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年12月治疗9例骨盆骨折畸形愈合患者资料,其中4例应用数字模拟手术、截骨方案设计、预手术等计算机辅助技术进行手术计划（计算机组）,5例未应用计算机辅助技术（常规组）。计算机组4例,男3例,女1例;平均年龄34岁;骨盆骨折Tile分型均为C型,其中1例为开放性骨盆骨折,2例伴颅脑损伤,2例伴胸部脏器损伤,2例伴腹部脏器损伤。常规组5例,男3例,女2例;平均年龄32.6岁;骨盆骨折Tile分型均为C型,其中1例为开放性骨盆骨折,2例伴颅脑损伤,3例伴胸部脏器损伤,1例伴腹部脏器损伤。观察两组Mejeed评分、VAS评分、手术时间、术中出血量、围手术期输血量、术中透视次数、双下肢长度改善程度、医原性损伤、并发症等指标。结果 计算机组手术时间195~230 min;术中出血量800~1 600 ml;围手术期输血量6~16 U;术中透视次数6~11次;双下肢长度改善程度2~3 cm;末次随访Majeed评分78~90分,其中优3例,良1例;术后VAS评分0~4分。常规组手术时间210~330 min;术中出血量600~4 500 ml;围手术期输血量6~28 U;术中透视次数7~18次;双下肢长度改善程度1~3 cm;末次随访Majeed评分79~89分,平均84.6分,其中优3例,良2例;术后VAS评分1~4分。结论 计算机辅助技术可在术前进行充分计划,使骨盆截骨矫形术操作更加准确有效、缩短手术时间、提高围手术期安全性。     

重组核因子κB活化因子受体蛋白预防小鼠骨质疏松的研究

目的:探讨Stoppa入路结合后方经皮钢板技术治疗C型骨盆骨折的临床疗效.方法:2009年6月至2011年7月,采用Stoppa入路重建钢板固定骨盆前环骨折结合后方经皮重建锁定钢板固定骨盆后环骨折的技术治疗16例C型骨盆骨折患者,男11例,女5例;年龄22～59岁,平均38.8岁.按照Tile分型:C1型10例,C2型4例,C3型2例.采用Tometta评估标准评定骨折复位情况,采用Majeed评分标准评定术后功能情况.结果:16例患者均获随访,时间4～13个月,平均7.3个月.手术时间80～140 min,平均100 min.术中出血量200～500 ml,平均280 ml.骨盆骨折的愈合时间为12～16周,平均14周.骨折复位按照Tometta评估标准:优9例,良6例,可1例.术后功能评定按Majeed评分标准:优9例,良5例,可2例.结论:Stoppa入路重建钢板固定骨盆前环骨折结合后方经皮重建锁定钢板固定骨盆后环骨折技术治疗C型骨盆骨折具有创伤小、手术操作安全、并发症少、固定牢靠、可早期活动的优点,是一种比较理想的微创手术方法.     

Pelvic fracture classification: correlation with hemorrhage

Hemorrhage remains the leading cause of death in patients with pelvic fractures. To identify patients at greatest risk for massive hemorrhage, we retrospectively reviewed charts and initial emergency room anterior-posterior (AP) radiographs of 245 consecutive patients. Pelvic fractures were classified according to our modification of the Pennel and Sutherland classification scheme. A simple pelvic fracture classification scheme was developed. Using this classification, we can be 90% confident that 50 to 69% of patients with "unstable" pelvic fractures will require 4 or more units of blood, 30 to 49% will require greater than 10 units of blood, 36 to 55% will have an intra-abdominal injury, and 6 to 18% will have a pelvic arterial injury. Therefore we conclude that this pelvic fracture classification based on the initial emergency-room AP X-ray can predict a patient population at high risk for massive hemorrhage for which an aggressive treatment protocol is justified.     

外固定技术在不稳定性骨盆骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨外固定技术在不稳定性骨盆骨折治疗中应用的可行性和优越性。方法 2006年10月～2012年6月,采用外固定架技术对28例不稳定性骨盆骨折进行固定,同期或分期处理合并损伤、抗休克治疗,并对其疗效进行观察。结果 28例随访4～30个月,平均14.5月,无死亡,骨盆骨折愈合良好。根据Matta评定标准,优21例,良5例,可2例,差0例,优良率93%（26/28）。结论早期采取外固定技术治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折简单易行,安全可靠,能有效增强骨盆的稳定性,控制骨盆容积,减少出血,缓解疼痛,利于抗休克治疗。     

有限切开复位钢板内固定治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折

目的探讨有限切开复位钢板内固定治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折的方法和疗效。方法 2010年6月至2012年5月,采用有限切开复位钢板内固定治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折15例。其中:C1型10例,C2型4例,C3型1例。评估术中出血量、手术时间及术后患者功能恢复情况。结果 15例患者术后获12~24个月(平均15个月)随访。骨盆前环手术的手术时间和出血量平均分别为61 min、92 mL;后环手术平均分别为71 min、165 mL。术中均无重要血管、神经损伤等并发症发生。1例耻骨处伤口发生浅表感染,经换药治愈。骨折复位按Matta影像学评分标准评定:解剖复位10例,满意复位4例,可1例。骨折愈合时间为2~6个月,平均2.9个月。末次随访时采用Majeed骨盆骨折评分标准评定疗效:优12例,良2例,可1例。结论通过有限切开复位和钢板内固定可以对Tile C型骨盆骨折进行良好的显露和牢靠的固定,并且不需要暴露神经、血管等结构,具有微创特点,疗效显著。     

Pelvic fracture hemorrhage. Priorities in management

Hemorrhage remains the leading cause of mortality in patients with severe pelvic fractures. To evaluate diagnostic and treatment priorities for this problem, we retrospectively reviewed 245 consecutive patients admitted to our institution with pelvic fractures. Supraumbilical diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) was grossly positive in 27 patients, and eight (30%) of these had life-threatening intra-abdominal hemorrhage identified at laparotomy. No patient with a positive DPL by count alone had life-threatening intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Pelvic fracture stabilization with early external pelvic fixation was associated with less requirement for blood transfusion (10 +/- 1 U) than with the pneumatic antishock garment (17 +/- 3 U). Nine patients with pelvic arterial injuries underwent angiographic embolization, and eight patients died (89%). We conclude that pelvic angiography should be performed before laparotomy in hemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic fracture, unless the DPL is grossly positive.     

Standardized osteosynthesis techniques for the pelvic ring. Analysis of a patient sample and surgical technique]

A total of 1566 patients with fractures of the pelvis were treated at the Department of Traumatology at the Hannover Medical School between 1972 and 1990. Of these, 1350 patients had fractures of the pelvic ring, 216 isolated acetabulum fractures, and 398 combinations of pelvic ring fractures and acetabular involvement. Of these patients, 718 were admitted with severe polytrauma. For 1254 patients complete files were available for clinical and radiological evaluation of fracture distribution, classification (Tile and anatomical location) and concomitant injuries. A significant increase in the severity of trauma, the severity of the pelvic fractures and the rate of internal stabilization, especially of the posterior pelvic ring, was observed during the observation period. The overall mortality after pelvic fracture was 18.1%. This mortality was correlated to the Hannover Polytrauma Score (PTS) and the associated extrapelvic blunt trauma. Internal fixation of pelvic fractures was performed in 195 patients. Our experience led to standardized procedures for the different fracture locations. In fractures type Tile B, an anterior procedure led in all cases to anatomic or near anatomic healing. In unstable pelvic ring fractures (Tile C), external fixation led to a significantly higher rate of posterior dislocations (over 1 cm) than did internal fixation. In these situations a combined posterior and anterior internal fixation procedure improved the result compared to posterior internal stabilizations alone. As a result, internal stabilization using a standardized technique for every fracture location is recommended for all unstable pelvic ring fractures.     

Multi‐center Retrospective Study of Factors Affecting Perioperative Transfusion of Packed Red Blood Cells for Pelvic Fracture Patients

ObjectiveTo analyze the use of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) for patients with pelvic fracture and evaluate factors associated with PRBC transfusion for patients with pelvic fracture.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study collected 551 patients with pelvic fractures from six hospitals between September 1, 2012, and June 31, 2019. The age span of patients varied from 10 to 95 years old, and they were classified into two groups based on high‐energy pelvic fractures (HE‐PFs) or low‐energy pelvic fractures (LE‐PFs). The study''s outcome was the use of PRBCs, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and albumin. Demographic data, characteristics, laboratory tests, clinical treatment details, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Factors that were statistically associated with perioperative PRBCs in univariate analyses were included to conduct an optimal scale regression to determine the independent factors for perioperative PRBCs.ResultsA total of 551 patients were screened from six hospitals, and after inclusion and exclusion, 319 were finally included and finished the follow‐up from admission to discharge, while four patients died during hospitalization. Three hundred and nineteen patients were classified into two groups by their injury mechanisms. A total of 230/319 (72.1%) patients were classified into the HE‐PF group, and 89/319 (27.8%) patients were classified into the LE‐PF group. Patients in the HE‐PF group were transfused with 4.5 (3–8) units of PRBCs, 300 (0–600) ml of FFP, and 0 (0–30) g of albumin, while patients in the LE‐PF group were transfused with 3.5 (2–4.5) units of PRBCs, 0 (0–295) ml of FFP, and 0 (0–0) g of albumin (all P < 0.001). There were higher proportions of male patients and patients under 65 in the HE‐PF group (all P < 0.001). HE‐PF group patients were more severely injured and likely to take external fixation. The optimal scale regression revealed four significant factors associated with perioperative transfused PRBCs, which were patients on admission with hemorrhagic shock (importance = 0.283, P = 0.004), followed by fracture types identified by Tile classification (importance = 0.156, P < 0.001), hemoglobin levels below 70 g/L on admission (importance = 0.283, P = 0.004), followed by fracture types identified by Tile classification (importance = 0.156, P < 0.001), hemoglobin levels below 70 g/L on admission (importance = 0.148, P = 0.039), and methods of pelvic fixation (importance = 0.008, P = 0.026), ranked by the importance.ConclusionPatients with HE‐PFs had increased transfusions of PRBCs, FFP, and albumin, and hemorrhagic shock on admission, Tile classification, Hb levels, and stabilization methods were found to be associated with perioperative PRBCs.     

旋转不稳定型骨盆骨折的手术治疗

目的　探讨旋转不稳定型骨盆骨折手术治疗的效果。方法　 2 4例旋转不稳定型骨盆骨折经Tile分类确定并行手术治疗。结果　平均随访 2年 ,结果满意者 2 2例 ,占 92 %。结论　手术可有效复位固定骨折 ,矫正畸形 ,恢复骨盆的稳定性 ,减少后遗症的发生     

Comparing the predictive value of the pelvic ring injury classification systems by Tile and by Young and Burgess

Introduction

Radiology-based classifications of pelvic ring injuries and their relevance for the prognosis of morbidity and mortality are disputed in the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential differences between the pelvic ring injury classification systems by Tile and by Young and Burgess with regard to their predictive value on mortality, transfusion/infusion requirement and concomitant injuries.

Patients and methods

Two-hundred-and-eighty-five consecutive patients with pelvic ring fractures were analyzed for mortality within 30 days after admission, number of blood units and total volume of fluid infused during the first 24 h after trauma, the Abbreviated Injury Severity (AIS) scores for head, chest, spine, abdomen and extremities as a function of the Tile and the Young–Burgess classifications.

Results

There was no significant relationship between occurrence of death and fracture pattern but a significant relationship between fracture pattern and need for blood units/total fluid volume for Tile (p < .001/p < .001) and Young–Burgess (p < .001/p < .001). In both classifications, open book fractures were associated with more fluid requirement and more severe injuries of the abdomen, spine and extremities (p < .05). When divided into the larger subgroups “partially stable” and “unstable”, unstable fractures were associated with a higher mortality rate in the Young–Burgess system (p = .036). In both classifications, patients with unstable fractures required significantly more blood transfusions (p < .001) and total fluid infusion (p < .001) and higher AIS scores.

Conclusions

In this first direct comparison of both classifications, we found no clinical relevant differences with regard to their predictive value on mortality, transfusion/infusion requirement and concomitant injuries.     

外固定联合有限内固定治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折

目的探究外固定联合有限内固定治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折的临床疗效。方法对27例Tile C型骨盆骨折采用外固定支架联合有限内固定进行治疗,本组27例,25例获得随访,根据Tile分型,C1型17例,C2型8例。结果本组随访时间为6个月~2年,平均1.5年。骨盆骨折复位后根据Tornetta评分标准评价,优12例,良9例,可3例,差1例,总体优良率为84%;术后功能恢复情况采用MaJeed评分系统评价,优11例,良11例,中2例,差1例,总体优良率为88%。结论对于Tile C型骨盆骨折,采用外固定联合有限内固定双重固定不仅可以恢复骨盆环解剖序列的连续性和整体结构的稳定性,而且该方法具有实用、有效、手术创伤小、出血少、外固定支架调整拆卸方便等优点,值得在临床上推广使用。