内镜下皮圈套扎术对胃间质瘤的治疗价值

目的 探讨内镜下皮圈套扎术对胃间质瘤的治疗价值.方法 选择胃固有肌层间质瘤患者29例(间质瘤直径<12 mm),行内镜下套扎治疗,术后行常规内镜及EUS随访.结果 28例患者完全治愈,创面在术后4～6周(平均4.8周)内愈合良好;1例患者瘤体未完全脱落,行再次套扎治疗.1例患者术后出现上消化道出血,行内镜下金属夹止血;其他患者未出现术后并发症.全部随访36～51个月,1例术后3个月复发,腹腔镜下切除;其余病例未见复发.结论 对于<12 mm的胃肠间质瘤,内镜套扎术治疗并进行术后超声内镜系统随访是有效而安全的.     

内镜下切除与腹腔镜手术治疗2～5 cm胃间质瘤的对比分析

目的比较内镜下切除和腹腔镜手术治疗肿瘤最大径为2～5 cm胃间质瘤的临床疗效, 分析肿瘤表面情况、生长方式、病变起源等因素对手术方式选择的影响, 为胃间质瘤患者提供更安全、有效的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年11月因胃间质瘤在郑州大学第一附属医院行内镜下切除(内镜下切除组137例)或腹腔镜手术治疗(腹腔镜手术组164例)的301例患者的基本临床资料, 包括患者的年龄、性别, 肿瘤表面有无凹陷(肿瘤表面黏膜局部下陷深度>5 mm)、是否不规则(肿瘤表面表现为非半球形或非椭圆形)、有无溃疡, 肿瘤部位、形状、病变起源、生长方式(腔内生长或腔内外生长)、危险度分级(极低危、低危、中危、高危), 肿瘤是否整块切除, 手术时间、是否出血、禁食时间、留置胃管时间、住院时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症和随访情况。统计学方法采用独立样本t检验、卡方检验、Fisher确切概率法和Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果内镜下切除组137例胃间质瘤患者中, 行内镜黏膜下剥离术85例(62.0%), 内镜黏膜下挖除术9例(6.6%), 内镜下全层切除术42例(30.7%), 隧道法内镜黏膜下肿...     

腹腔镜内镜联合技术切除胃肠道黏膜下肿瘤临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜、内镜双镜联合技术切除胃肠道黏膜下肿瘤的价值。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年1月期间采用腹腔镜、内镜双镜联合技术（双镜组）切除的46例胃肠道黏膜下肿瘤患者的临床特征、手术数据、切除标本等相关指标,其中36例胃间质瘤资料另与同期19例采用单一腹腔镜技术（腹腔镜组）切除的胃间质瘤资料比较。结果双镜组与腹腔镜组手术均成功。双镜组中26例超声内镜表现为腔内型的黏膜下肿瘤采取腹腔镜辅助内镜切除方式,20例腔外型／壁间型黏膜下肿瘤则应用内镜辅助腹腔镜切除的手术方式：两型患者在切除的肿瘤大小、术中出血量、术后住院天数项目差异具有统计学意义,前者均小于后者。双镜组中1例术后第2天发生急性穿孔紧急修补,其余患者术后无并发症出现。对于胃间质瘤患者,双镜组（36例）与腹腔镜组（19例）比较,肿瘤最大径／切除标本最大径[（0．88±0．14）比（0．65±0．15）]、术后住院天数[（6．42±1．96）d比（9．26±3．46）d]的差异均有统计学意义。结论腹腔镜、内镜联合技术切除胃肠道黏膜下肿瘤安全可行,切除精准,保证切缘阴性同时尽可能少切除正常组织,并可对术中的出血、穿孔闭合不全等及时进行补救。     

内镜黏膜下挖除术治疗胃固有肌层问质瘤

目的探讨内镜黏膜下挖除术（endoscopicsub—mucosalexcavation,ESE）治疗胃固有肌层间质瘤的疗效和安全性。方法对内镜超声（EUS）发现的源于胃固有肌层的黏膜下肿瘤（submucosaltumor,SMT）行ESE治疗：黏膜下注射生理盐水抬高病变,切开病变周围黏膜,剥离病变周围组织,完整切除病变。结果17例源于胃固有肌层的黏膜下肿瘤均成功挖除,2例ESE治疗中发生穿孔．应用金属止血夹成功夹闭。术后病理诊断为间质瘤,其中胃底8例,胃体8例,胃窦1例。病变最大直径0．7～4,3（平均1．5）cm。全组未出现ESE术后出血,随访2～30个月,恢复良好,未出现复发或转移。结论ESE治疗小的胃固有肌层间质瘤安全、有效,能一次性完整切除病变,提供完整的病理诊断资料。且术后恢复快。     

内镜下切除胃巨大间质瘤的疗效及安全性评价

目的 探讨无明确转移的胃巨大间质瘤内镜切除治疗的疗效及安全性.方法 12例经超声内镜和CT检查确认无转移灶的胃巨大间质瘤行内镜切除治疗,切除标本送检病理及免疫组化,记录内镜操作时间及出血、穿孔的发生情况.术后第2、6和12个月复查胃镜及超声胃镜,第12个月复查全腹部三期CT扫描,统计局部复发及远处转移情况.结果 10例内镜下成功切除,内镜切除成功率为83.3％ (10/12);行内镜黏膜下挖除术(ESE)的6例浆膜层均能保持完整性,无意外穿孔发生,行内镜下全层切除术(EFR)的4例术中采取主动穿孔,主动穿孔率为33.3％ (4/12),穿孔后均能通过内镜下完成缝合;术中出血均超过100 ml,通过氩气、电凝及钛夹均能成功止血;8例最小横截面直径在3.5 cm以下的瘤体顺利经食管完整取出,另2例最小横截面直径超过3.5 cm的瘤体在胃腔内分割后通过贲门取出;9例瘤体最大直径小于5.0 cm者术后证实为低度危险胃间质瘤,另1例最大直径大于5.0 cm者证实为高度危险胃间质瘤;随访1年,所有患者未发现局部复发或腹腔转移.2例内镜切除治疗失败者,瘤体最大直径均大于5.0 cm,因术中发生难以控制的大出血而转外科行手术治疗,内镜难以控制的大出血发生率为16.7％ (2/12),术后病理均为高度危险胃间质瘤.结论 内镜下切除最大直径在5.0 cm以下且无转移的胃巨大间质瘤是安全而有效的,最小横截面直径小于3.5 cm的瘤体更适合经内镜切除,可通过贲门顺利取出.但最大直径超过5.0 cm的胃巨大间质瘤,高度危险的可能性大,术中易发生内镜难以控制的大出血,内镜切除应谨慎.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃肠道间质瘤的安全性及疗效观察

目的评价内镜黏膜剥离术治疗胃肠道间质瘤的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析22例确诊为胃肠道间质瘤行内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗的患者资料,包括患者的基本情况、病变部位、大小、临床表现、治疗经过以及病理结果等,统计并发症发生情况及术后随访结果。结果22例患者均顺利完成ESD治疗,病变直径在0．8～4．0cm,均一次性完整切除病变,手术时间（自黏膜下注射开始至完整剥离病变的时间）在35～150min,平均64．5min,术中创面均有少量出血,经氩离子凝固术、电活检钳凝固治疗或金属夹闭合创面止血成功,有4例术中并发穿孔,穿孔发生率18．1％（4／22）,应用金属夹夹闭缝合穿孔,术后经胃肠减压、质子泵抑制剂抑酸、抗炎等治疗后,其中3例腹胀缓解,余1例腹胀严重者追加经腹壁穿刺排气后缓解。22例患者均未出现严重的术后出血,内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗后住院3～10d,平均4．5d,穿孔患者术后1个月胃镜复查见穿孔均闭合,所有患者接受随访3～18个月,未见病变残留和复发。结论内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃肠道间质瘤是安全和有效的,虽然出血和穿孔仍是其主要的并发症,但经积极地对症治疗后可以治愈。     

超声内镜辅助内镜治疗源于胃固有肌层间质瘤的价值探讨

目的探讨超声内镜辅助内镜下治疗源于胃固有肌层间质瘤的价值及安全性。方法收集本院所有内镜下治疗黏膜下肿瘤的患者资料,筛选出2010年12月至2013年10月33例经病理证实为源于胃固有肌层的间质瘤,详细记录临床病理表现、超声所见、内镜切除的方法、并发症发生率以及术后随访资料。结果 33例患者其中22例接受内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD),11例接受内镜下全层切除术(EFR)。其中ESD治疗中有5例穿孔,气胸1例,均内镜下处理以及保守治疗后好转。2例EFR患者因穿孔大转行腹腔镜手术治疗。33例患者术后均接受了3~36月随访,无局部复发以及远处转移。结论超声内镜辅助内镜下治疗源于固有肌层胃间质瘤是安全、有效的。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃固有肌层肿瘤的疗效和安全性

目的 探索内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃固有肌层肿瘤的可行性、疗效及安全性.方法 对胃镜发现并由超声内镜和CT证实的胃固有肌层来源的肿瘤行内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗,若出现穿孔或难以完整切除的情况则给予腹腔镜介入治疗.结果 共对20例患者成功进行内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗,操作时间40～ 120 min,平均74.8 min.切除肿瘤的最大直径1.5 ～3.5 cm,平均2.6 cm.其中3例因出现较大穿孔而需腹腔镜介入进行全层切除.所有患者均无严重并发症.术后病理诊断17例为间质瘤,3例为平滑肌瘤.结论 内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃固有肌层肿瘤是安全有效的方法;部分肿瘤的完整切除需要腹腔镜的帮助.     

内镜下全层切除术联合OTSC吻合系统在治疗胃间质瘤中的应用研究

目的探究内镜下全层切除术(EFTR)联合OTSC吻合系统治疗胃间质瘤的安全性及有效性。 方法回顾性分析2016年9月至2018年10月经宁夏回族自治区人民医院行EFTR联合OTSC夹闭系统治疗胃间质瘤24例临床资料。 结果24例患者中,成功切除率及闭合率为100%,闭合穿孔直径最小为0.3 cm×0.3 cm,闭合穿孔直径最大为4.3 cm×3.8 cm,平均(2.5 ±1.5)cm,术中有少量渗血,均予以氩离子凝固术(APC)电凝止血,平均操作时间(45±60)min,术后平均住院时间为(3±5)d。术后无气胸、发热,无发生迟发性出血、消化道瘘、继发性胸腹腔感染及其它严重并发症。术后第1、3、6个月随访复查胃镜,观察创面愈合情况,病变均无复发现象,24例病理提示梭形细胞肿瘤及结合免疫组织化学诊断为间质瘤,位于胃底、胃窦及胃体;均为极低度、低度侵袭危险性,建议患者定期复查胃镜。 结论EFTR联合OTSC吻合系统治疗胃间质瘤是一种安全、有效的技术,值得在临床上推广使用。     

手术室内胃镜联合腹腔镜切除胃间质瘤6例报告

目的评价手术室内腹腔镜与胃镜联合治疗胃间质瘤的临床实用价值。方法回顾分析2009年3月至2011年9月胃镜联合腹腔镜治疗胃间质瘤6例的临床资料,评估其临床价值。结果6例病变术前超声内镜检查初步诊断为固有肌层间质瘤,直径约1．2～2．5cm。采用气管插管异丙酚静脉麻醉下手术室完成手术。6例患者中l例直接经胃镜行ESD切除胃内间质瘤病变后,腹腔镜下偶然发现胃壁外浆膜层另一腔外隆起型间质瘤。予以腹腔镜切除．1例胃镜ESD切除穿孔经腹腔镜修补缝合。4例经胃镜辅助定位腹腔镜切除缝合。手术时间平均（104-4-30）min。术中出血量为（40±18）ml,术后平均住院（84-2．5）d。术中术后均无严重并发症发生。病理及免疫组化结果均符合间质瘤。随访6—30个月,无复发及转移。结论手术室内胃镜联合腹腔镜行微创治疗胃间质瘤具有麻醉安全、手术补救及时、手术时间短、创伤小、恢复快等优点,具有较好的临床实用价值。     

Endoscopic therapy for gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria

AIM: To explore endoscopic therapy methods for gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria.METHODS: For 69 cases diagnosed as gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria, three types of endoscopic therapy were selected, based on the size of the tumor. These methods included endoscopic ligation and resection (ELR), endoscopic submucosal excavation (ESE) and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR). The wound surface and the perforation of the gastric wall were closed with metal clips. Immunohistostaining for CD34, CD117, Dog-1, S-100 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) was performed on the resected tumors.RESULTS: A total of 38 cases in which the tumor size was less than 1.2 cm were treated with ELR; three cases were complicated by perforation, and the perforations were closed with metal clips. Additionally, 18 cases in which the tumor size was more than 1.5 cm were treated with ESE, and no perforation occurred. Finally, 13 cases in which the tumor size was more than 2.0 cm were treated with EFR; all of the cases were complicated by artificial perforation, and all of the perforations were closed with metal clips. All of the 69 cases recovered with medical treatment, and none required surgical operation. Immunohistostaining demonstrated that among all of the 69 gastric stromal tumors diagnosed by gastroscopy, 12 cases were gastric leiomyomas (SMA-positive), and the other 57 cases were gastric stromal tumors.CONCLUSION: Gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria can be treated successfully with endoscopic techniques, which could replace certain surgical operations and should be considered for further application.     

内镜下胃壁全层切除术对胃间质瘤的治疗价值研究

目的初步探讨内镜下胃壁全层切除术（EFTR）对胃间质瘤治疗的价值。方法2010年1月至2011年7月对33例病灶大、位于固有肌深层胃间质瘤行内镜下胃壁全层切除术治疗,观察疗效及安全性,并与同期行内镜黏膜下切除术（ESD）治疗的34例胃间质瘤病例在有效性、安全性、手术复杂程度等方面进行比较。结果33例EFTR治疗的病例中,2例因病灶过大未能完成手术,其余均顺利切除病灶,术后恢复良好,随访12个月无复发。与ESD治疗病例相比,手术切除率（93．9％比100％）、并发症发生率（6．5％比2．9％）、术后3d平均体温[（37．2±0．4）℃比（37．0±0．4）℃]及血常规白细胞总数[（8．5±8．0）×10^9／L比（6．1±1．7）×10^9／L]、术后恢复时间[（6．1±2．1）d比（5．2±2．8）d],差异均无统计学意义。EFTR组术中钛夹使用个数[（7．0±3．5）比（4．9±3．1）,t=2．55,P〈0．05]及术后禁食天数[（3．4±1．5）d比（2．0±1．0）d,t=4．36,P〈0．05]明显多于ESD组。结论EFTR对胃问质瘤的治疗是安全、有效的,与ESD术式比较EFTR手术风险并未明显增加,但作为ESD手术的扩展,EYrR手术更为复杂。     

EFR治疗胃固有肌层肿物25例

目的探讨内镜全层切除术(EFR)治疗源于固有肌层的胃黏膜下肿物(SMT)的疗效和安全性。方法 25例于2011年1月至2013年9月于我院接受EFR治疗的胃SMT患者纳入研究,肿瘤经EUS和增强CT检查诊断为来源于固有肌层。对其治疗结果、并发症发生情况、近期随访结果等进行回顾性分析。结果 25例均完整切除病灶,病灶长径1.0~5.5 cm,黏膜切开至黏膜切口完整缝合时间为60~180 min,使用止血夹5~30枚,住院天数3~9 d,医疗费用8 000~20 000元。术后病理诊断间质瘤22例,平滑肌瘤2例,神经鞘瘤1例,切缘均为阴性。术后无出血,1例出现腹膜炎。出院后3个月内镜复查未见病变残留、复发。结论 EFR治疗来源于固有肌层的胃SMT安全、有效,可成为胃SMT的治疗选择。     

Endoscopic full-thickness resection for gastric submucosal tumors arising from the muscularis propria layer

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) for the treatment of gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) arising from the muscularis propria.METHODS: A total of 35 gastric SMTs arising from the muscularis propria layer were resected by EFR between January 2010 and September 2013. EFR consists of five major steps: injecting normal saline into the submucosa; pre-cutting the mucosal and submucosal layers around the lesion; making a circumferential incision as deep as the muscularis propria around the lesion using endoscopic submucosal dissection and an incision into the serosal layer around the lesion with a Hook knife; a full-thickness resection of the tumor, including the serosal layer with a Hook or IT knife; and closing the gastric wall with metallic clips.RESULTS: Of the 35 gastric SMTs, 14 were located at the fundus, and 21 at the corpus. EFR removed all of the SMTs successfully, and the complete resection rate was 100%. The mean operation time was 90 min (60-155 min), the mean hospitalization time was 6.0 d (4-10 d), and the mean tumor size was 2.8 cm (2.0-4.5 cm). Pathological examination confirmed the presence of gastric stromal tumors in 25 patients, leiomyomas in 7 and gastric autonomous nerve tumors in 2. No gastric bleeding, peritonitis or abdominal abscess occurred after EFR. Postoperative contrast roentgenography on the third day detected no contrast extravasation into the abdominal cavity. The mean follow-up period was 6 mo, with no lesion residue or recurrence noted.CONCLUSION: EFR is efficacious, safe and minimally invasive for patients with gastric SMTs arising from the muscularis propria layer. This technique is able to resect deep gastric lesions while providing precise pathological information about the lesion. With the development of EFR, the indications of endoscopic resection might be extended.     

牙线辅助牵引法在内镜全层切除胃底固有肌层肿瘤中的作用

目的 评价牙线辅助牵引法在胃底固有肌层肿瘤行内镜全层切除术（EFTR）中的应用价值。 方法 2016年1—12月,复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心行牙线辅助牵引法EFTR的24例胃底固有肌层肿瘤病例纳入牵引组,按照肿瘤大小1:1配对,收集2015年1—12月行传统EFTR的24例胃底固有肌层肿瘤病例纳入传统组,对比分析两组的肿瘤切除时间、患者住院时间及并发症发生率。 结果 两组在患者平均年龄、性别构成方面,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。牵引组平均肿瘤切除时间（10.8±2.8）min,传统组为（19.0±4.7）min（t=7.298,P<0.05）。牵引组术后平均住院时间（3.2±0.5）d,传统组为（3.2±0.5）d（t=0.291,P=0.772）。两组术后均未发生迟发性出血或迟发性穿孔等并发症。 结论 牙线辅助牵引法EFTR治疗胃底固有肌层肿瘤安全、有效,牙线牵引可以辅助暴露肿瘤边界,实现直视下切割,使手术层次更加清晰,从而简化手术,减少肿瘤切除时间。     

Endoscopic treatments for small gastric subepithelial tumors originating from muscularis propria layer

Minimally invasive endoscopic resection has become an increasingly popular method for patients with small (less than 3.5 cm in diameter) gastric subepithelial tumors (SETs) originating from the muscularis propria (MP) layer. Currently, the main endoscopic therapies for patients with such tumors are endoscopic muscularis excavation, endoscopic full-thickness resection, and submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection. Although these endoscopic techniques can be used for complete resection of the tumor and provide an accurate pathological diagnosis, these techniques have been associated with several negative events, such as incomplete resection, perforation, and bleeding. This review provides detailed information on the technical details, likely treatment outcomes, and complications associated with each endoscopic method for treating/removing small gastric SETs that originate from the MP layer.     

内镜辅助腹腔镜剥离切除术治疗胃窦体固有肌层肿瘤的初步应用

目的评价一种新的胃镜腹腔镜联合方法治疗胃窦体固有肌层肿瘤的临床疗效。方法2013年1月至2014年4月,选择8例胃窦体固有肌层肿瘤,术前超声内镜诊断肿物起源固有肌层,黏膜层良好,胃窦体前壁4例、后壁2例、胃体小网膜囊内1例、胃体大网膜下1例。病变大小1．5～3．5cm,平均（2．4±0．7）cm。先在腹腔镜下分离显露病变,后在内镜进行病变黏膜下注射,最后由腹腔镜剥离切除病变并保留黏膜。随访观察手术情况和治疗效果。结果所有患者成功完成内镜辅助腹腔镜剥离切除,无出血、感染和死亡病例。术后病理证实间质瘤6例,神经纤维瘤2例。所有患者随访6个月后胃黏膜未见异常,胃壁蠕动正常,无复发。结论内镜辅助腹腔镜剥离切除技术是胃窦体固有肌层肿物重要的安全有效的治疗方法,具有操作简便、损伤小、并发症少的优点。     

内镜黏膜下挖除术治疗胃黏膜下肿瘤65例

目的探讨内镜黏膜下挖除术(ESE)治疗胃黏膜下肿瘤的疗效及安全性。方法对胃镜检查发现、CT证实凸向胃腔生长、超声胃镜提示起源于固有肌层的胃黏膜下肿瘤患者共65例行ESE治疗,完整挖除病变后送病检。所有病例术后1、2、6、12月随访观察。结果 65例病变均完整挖除;术中均有不等程度出血,经内镜下热活检钳或APC电凝或钛夹夹闭后出血停止;术中有5例并发穿孔,用钛夹封闭穿孔创面,均保守治疗成功,未转外科手术治疗。3例发生迟发性出血患者,经急诊内镜止血后,出血停止。术后随访暂未见复发患者。结论对于凸向胃腔内生长的黏膜下肿瘤病变,ESE可以成功挖除,具有创伤小,恢复快等优点,是治疗胃黏膜下肿瘤安全有效的手段。     

无腹腔镜辅助的内镜全层切除术治疗源于固有肌层的胃黏膜下肿瘤

目的探讨无腹腔镜辅助的内镜全层切除术（EFR）治疗源于固有肌层的胃黏膜下肿瘤（SMT）的疗效和可行性。方法2007年7月至2009年8月经辅助检查和前期治疗明确诊断为起源于固有肌层的胃SMT患者20例,择期行全麻下EFR治疗：（1）黏膜下注射生理盐水,预切开肿瘤周围黏膜和黏膜下层,显露肿瘤;（2）采用内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）技术沿肿瘤周围分离固有肌层至浆膜层;（3）应用Hook刀沿肿瘤边缘切开浆膜;（4）胃镜直视下应用Hook、IT刀或圈套器完整切除包括浆膜在内的肿瘤;（5）应用金属夹缝合胃创面。结果20例源于固有肌层的胃SMT中,病灶位于胃底9例、胃体11例。EFR成功切除所有病变,完整切除率为100％,未使用腹腔镜辅助;EFR时间为60—145min,平均85min。切除肿瘤最大直径1．8～3．5cm,平均2．6cm;病理诊断为问质瘤13例、平滑肌瘤4例、血管球瘤2例、神经鞘瘤1例。术后无一例出现胃出血、腹膜炎体征及腹腔脓肿,术后3d造影无一例造影剂外漏和胃排空障碍。住院天数3～8d,平均5．5d。术后随访1～12个月,平均7个月,无一例病变残留或复发。结论EFR治疗源于固有肌层的胃SMT是安全、有效的,可以切除更深的胃壁肿瘤,并提供准确的病理诊断资料,它的开展可进一步扩大内镜治疗的适应证。     

Endoscopic full thickness resection for gastric tumors originating from muscularis propria

AIM: To do systematic review of current literature for endoscopic full thickness resection(EFTR) technique for gastric tumors originating from muscularis propria.METHODS: An extensive English literature search was done till December 2015; using Pub Med and Google scholar to identify the peer reviewed original and review articles using keywords-EFTR, gastric tumor, muscularis propria. Human only studies were included. The references of pertinent studies were manually searched to identify additional relevant studies. The indications, procedural details, success rates, clinical outcomes, complications and limitations were considered. For the purpose of review, data from individual studies was combined to calculate mean. No other statistical test was applied.RESULTS: A total of 9 original articles were identified. Four articles were from same institute and the time frames of these studies were overlapping. To avoid duplication of data, only the study with patients over the longest time interval was included and other three were excluded. In total six studies were included in the final review. In our systematic review, the mean success rate for EFTR of gastric tumors originating from muscularis propria was 96.8%. The mean procedure time varied from a minimum of 37 min to a maximum of 105 min. There was no reported mortality from the technique itself. The most common histological diagnosis was gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyoma. Gastric wall defect closure by either metallic clips or over the scope clip(OTSC) had similar outcomes although experience with OTSC was limited to smaller lesions(3cm).CONCLUSION: EFTR is a minimally invasive technique to resect gastric submucosal tumors originating from muscularis propria with a high success rate and low complication rate.