A Survey of Stress at Work

A survey was carried out among members of the Society of OccupationalMedicine on their assessment of stress-related illness in industry.It was found that medical officers in organizations estimatedthat over 45 per cent of their managers suffered from some formof psychosocial stress (e.g anxiety, psychosomatic illness,depression), ‘to some or a ereat extent’. Professor C. L. Cooper, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD.     

Stress at Work: a Comparison of Attitudes between Psychiatric and Non-psychiatric Short-stay Patients

In the last decade there has been a disturbing increase in dayslost due to mental illness. Since the 1950s psychological researchin this area has been sporadic and limited, mainly due to methodologicaldifficulties. One particular problem has been the inabilityto identify and diagnose stressed workers at the factory. Inan attempt to circumvent this issue, two groups of working menwho had been short-stay patients were obtained from hospitalrecords. The stressed group comprised psychiatric patients,the control group were patients from the ear, nose and throatdepartment. The results of a questionnaire completed by 182men revealed that the psychiatric group did not differ significantlyfrom the ENT group in their atttitude towards work. However,highly anxious psychiatric men compared with low-anxiety ENTmen reported a frustrating job that lacked variety. The formershowed more uncertainty about their role in the organizationbut less sensitivity to lack of praise for good work. Milan Ardis, BSc, RGN, 28 Newland Park, Hull.     

医院合同护士工作满意度调查与分析

对一家三级甲等综合医院的48名合同护士，采用Likert态度量表形式对其工作满意度进行问卷调查，旨在了解合同护士对工作的满意度现况及其影响因素，从而为降低合同护士的流失率，让她们为患者提供更好的护理服务提出可行性建议。     

地震灾区居民2周内心理应激水平调查

“5·12”四川汶川大地震是我国历史上危害很大的自然灾害之一,不仅波及面广,而且造成严重的人员和财产损失。有关研究表明,幸存者常常会因灾难在一定时间上发生身心反应,     

Sick-listing as a Psychosocial Work Problem: A Survey of 3997 Swedish Physicians

Objectives: To quantify the extent of emotionally straining sick-listing problems among three categories of physicians and find associations with workplace characteristics. Methods: A questionnaire was answered by 3997 physicians (response rate: 71%). Results: A larger proportion of physicians at orthopaedic clinics and, in particular, at Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs), experienced sick-listing problems, compared to physicians at other clinics. Ten percent of PHCC physicians felt threatened by patients, at least once per month, in relation to sickness certification or worried about getting reported to the disciplinary board. PHCC physicians found sick-listing more problematic compared to others (OR 4.9; 95% CI 4.1–6.0). Having a workplace policy on sick-listing was associated with a reduced risk of experiencing several problems (OR 0.5–0.6, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The extent and nature of sick-listing problems warrant further concerns, especially in PHCCs. The nature of perceived threats should be elucidated. Developing workplace policies on sick-listing should be encouraged.     

职业应激对不同类型劳动者工作能力的影响

目的了解职业应激因素与不同类型劳动者工作能力的关系，探讨应激因素对工作能力的影响。方法采用工作能力指数（work ability indes，WAI）调查表和职业紧张问卷，对广州经济开发区某外资企业173名工人进行调查。结果职业应激与工作能力有明显的负相关。不同的劳动类型，工作能力级别不同其应激程度不同，3种类型的劳动者处于好和中等水平工作能力者，其应激强度以中度应激为多，分别为54．17％、40．68％和24．95％。结论职业应激可影响劳动者的工作能力，应针对不同的劳动类型提出不同的干预措施。     

昆山口岸蝇类本底调查报告

〔目的〕掌握昆山口岸蝇类本底情况,为开展蝇类防制和口岸监督工作提供依据。〔方法〕从2006年3—12月采用笼诱法对昆山口岸蝇类的种群组成、季节消长情况进行调查。〔结果〕本次调查共捕获蝇类21754只,经鉴定隶属4科12属15种,其中大头金蝇为优势种,占捕蝇总数的69.49%,其次为丝光绿蝇和黑尾黑麻蝇,分别占捕蝇总数的19.26%和2.63%,不同调查点的蝇类种群构成不完全相同。蝇密度在6月份和10月份形成2个高峰,分别为381.83只/笼·日和561.42只/笼·日。〔结论〕本次调查基本掌握昆山口岸蝇类本底情况,为进一步开展蝇类防制工作提供了科学依据。     

机车司机工作压力及其影响因素

目的通过调查某铁路局机车司机工作压力的相关资料,分析其主要的工作压力及其影响因素,并探讨如何减轻机车司机的工作压力。方法对某铁路局机务段的机车司机进行问卷调查,用付出-回报失衡量表评价机车司机的工作压力,用相关健康量表评价其健康状况等。结果 机车司机的工作压力为中等水平。不同的年龄和学历在不同工作压力中的分布不同,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,其中以26～35岁、大专及以上学历者为著。影响机车司机工作压力的可能因素是职业倦怠、心理健康状况、安全生产/责任、工种、健康所致活动损伤百分比。结论铁路机车司机的工作压力较大,并受多因素的影响。应定期开展职业性健康监护,改善其工作环境,并进一步探讨其压力的形成原因,有针对性地采取相应的预防措施,保护其身心健康。     

高原养路工营养调查

<正> 我省地处青藏高原,平均海拔3000m以上,具有低氧,高寒、气候干燥,强紫外线辐射等气候特点。建国以来,我省公路事业蓬勃发展,公路路段大多在3000m以上,养路工人劳动生活环境恶劣,加之气候条件所限,粮食蔬菜不能生长,交通不便又使食物供应较平原困难,因此,调查研究高原养路工膳食结构和营养状况,提出合理的营养改善措施,提高营养水平,对保护高原地区养路工人身体健康,提高劳动生产率具有重要意义。     

Development of Work Stress Scale for Correctional Officers

Introduction: This study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of Work Stress Scale for Correctional Officers (WSSCO). Methods: One hundred nineteen correctional officers (109 males and 10 females) employed in Turkey participated in this study. In addition to WSSCO, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were administered to the participants. Results: The internal consistencies and the item-total correlations were acceptable both for the whole scale and for its subscales; namely, “work overload,” “role conflict and role ambiguity,” “inadequacies in physical conditions of prison,” “threat perception,” and “general problems.” Test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.77 for total scale, and test-retest reliability coefficients ranged between 0.68 and 0.78 for the subscales. The total scale and most of the subscales were positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and hopelessness, and negatively correlated with perceived social support. Furthermore, all subscales significantly differentiated high depressive symptomatology group from the low depressive symptomatology group. Conclusions: The present results revealed that the psychometric properties of WSSCO were quite adequate. The scale can provide a potentially useful tool for research on job stress in correctional officers.     

Measuring Work Ability with Its Antecedents: Evaluation of the Work Ability Survey

Purpose The revised version of the Work Ability Survey (WAS-R) assesses work ability on several sub-scales at the intersection of personal and organizational capacity, thus adding to the measurement of work ability by integrating the holistic model. It, therefore, improves on two features of the current standard measurement tool of work ability, the Work Ability Index (WAI): (1) a ceiling effect and (2) limited detail due to a focus on physical health and personal capacity. Method In two samples (n ₁?=?1093, n ₂?=?359), psychometric properties and the structure of the WAS-R were analyzed. To evaluate construct validity, inter-correlations of the WAS-R and WAI, sickness absence, expected and desired retirement age, and post-retirement work intention were calculated. Results The WAS-R was found to be distributed closer to normality than the WAI. The structural analyses yielded acceptable results for the hypothesized model. The WAS-R was adequately correlated with the WAI, negatively with sickness absence, and positively with desired retirement age. Conclusions The WAS-R extends the measurement of work ability, reflecting organizations’ work demands. Its broad sub-scales lead to high acceptance of the results within the participating companies. In particular, the organizational capacity scales can be used to guide interventions aiming at organizational characteristics to improve work ability.     

Disability at Work: A Look Back and Forward

Purpose This article presents new evidence on employment barriers and workplace disparities facing employees with disabilities, linking the disparities to employee attitudes. Methods Analyses use the 2006 General Social Survey to connect disability to workplace disparities and attitudes in a structural equation model. Results Compared to employees without disabilities, those with disabilities report: lower pay levels, job security, and flexibility; more negative treatment by management; and, lower job satisfaction but similar organizational commitment and turnover intention. The lower satisfaction is mediated by lower job security, less job flexibility, and more negative views of management and co-worker relations. Conclusion Prior research and the present findings show that people with disabilities experience employment disparities that limit their income, security, and overall quality of work life. Technology plays an increasingly important role in decreasing employment disparities. However, there also should be increased targeted efforts by government, employers, insurers, occupational rehabilitation providers, and disability groups to address workplace barriers faced by employees with disabilities, and by those with disabilities seeking to return to work.     

职业紧张与生活压力对铁路女工月经的影响

[目的]探讨职业紧张与生活压力对铁路女工月经的影响。[方法]应用具有较好信度和效度的付出-回报失衡量表和短版本生活压力量表评价1679名铁路女工职业紧张和生活压力状况,并通过体检获得女工月经情况。以EpiDate 3.1建立数据库,采用SPSS 13.0进行数据分析。[结果]1679名女职工中总月经异常为768人,占45.74%。相对于最低职业紧张组,最高职业紧张组的月经异常率较高(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.11￣2.43);而相对于最低生活压力组,较高生活压力和最高生活压力月经异常率较高(OR=1.28,95%CI:1.04￣2.29;OR=1.60,95%CI:1.16￣2.40)。综合两者的作用,相对于低职业紧张-低生活压力而言,低职业紧张-高生活压力、高职业紧张-高生活压力可能与月经异常相关(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.12￣2.37;OR=1.76,95%CI:1.23￣2.58);尤其是高职业紧张-高生活压力可能对痛经有影响(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.10￣2.12)。[结论]职业紧张与生活压力都可能是铁路女工月经异常的重要危险因素。因此,应针对具体情况,采取相应的干预措施,促进职...