听骨链成形术与镫骨成形术-House与Fisch比较

听骨链成形术适用于听骨链中断,镫骨成形术适用于耳硬化症。实施听骨链成形术时House与Fisch在选用人工听小骨与自体砧骨等方面各有标准;实施镫骨成形术时House与Fisch在麻醉方式、是否作外耳道口切口、制作外耳道皮瓣、鼓室暴露范围、镫骨足板开窗步骤顺序、足板开窗大小等均有差异。     

砧镫关节重建术治疗听骨链病变24例报告

介绍以砧镫关节重建术治疗听骨链病变24例。术后语言频率气导听力提高及气骨导差明显缩小者22例,有效率为92％。提出了手术适应证和注意事项。     

外伤性镫骨骨折的诊断及手术治疗

目的：分析外伤性镫骨骨折患者的听力学特点、诊断要点和手术方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科1995年1月～2013年10月经鼓室探查术确诊的5例外伤性镫骨骨折患者的临床资料,根据术中所见采用不同材料行听骨链重建术,比较手术前后言语频率平均气导听阈及气骨导差,分析手术治疗效果。结果5例患者头部外伤后均表现为伤侧耳传导性聋,鼓膜完整,其中3例未引出同侧镫骨肌声反射,术中探查发现镫骨足弓骨折4例,镫骨颈骨折伴颞骨骨折、周围性面瘫1例。2例用自体砧骨、1例用异体砧骨、1例用外耳道前上棘骨片、1例用人工听骨（TORP）重建听骨链,伴面瘫者同时行面神经减压术。术后患者听力均明显提高,言语频率平均气导听阈由术前的61dBHL恢复至30．7dBHL（t＝6．725,P＜0．05）,平均气骨导差由38．7dB缩小为18dB（t＝3．616,P＜0．05）。伴面瘫的患者面瘫等级由HBV级恢复至HBI级。结论镫骨骨折的主要表现为传导性聋,同侧镫骨肌声反射可能引出是特别值得注意的特征之一;通过鼓室探查,行听骨链重建术,可获得满意的听力恢复效果。     

自体骨听骨链重建听力疗效的远期观察

自体骨听骨链重建听力疗效的远期观察何英１刘晓晖１赵趁芬１李苏卫１王希军１△我科自１９９１年以来，用自体骨作听骨链重建材料应用于中耳炎患者，现将其中随访资料完整的病例总结如下。１资料与方法１．１临床资料本组６０例６３耳中，男３１例，女２９例，年龄９～３...     

镫骨骨质缺损对听力传导影响的有限元分析

目的建立完善的鼓膜-听骨链模型,利用有限元初步探讨镫骨前、后脚骨质缺损对听力传导的影响。方法实验数据源于对一名无中耳病史的成年男性左侧颞骨进行Micro-CT扫描,在医学影像处理软件Mimics上进行三维重建,利用Geomagic形成需要的曲面,最后在SolidWorks上将成型的鼓膜-听骨链模型进行切割组装,建立正常听骨链模型以及镫骨前、后脚骨质缺损模型,利用模型分析骨质缺损对听力传导的影响。结果建立的鼓膜-听骨链模型镫骨足板频振曲线符合相关文献报道,在镫骨前、后脚骨质缺损病理模型下,曲线与正常中耳模型曲线接近。结论利用多软件综合处理,可建立可信度较高的中耳听骨链模型;有限元模拟分析结果显示,镫骨前、后脚缺损部分骨质,未对听力传导产生明显影响。     

用皮质骨移植物的听骨链成形术

Ｒ．Ｐ．Ｍｉｌｌｓ在Ｊ Ｌａｒｙｎｇｏｌ Ｏｔｏｌ，１９９３；１０７（８）中，介绍应用自体皮质骨移植物听骨链成形术的手术方法和听力结果；分析移植物重量和听力的关系；比较人工赝复物和皮质骨移植物的费用，指出皮质骨是听骨链成形中一处满意的材料。     

用猪生物骨载体听骨重建兔听骨链

目的：寻找一种理想的生物人工听骨。方法：用猪生物骨载体磨成听骨置换兔锤砧融合骨,重建听骨链。结果：随时间延长,炎症反应消退,听骨同周围组织相容好,听骨无吸收,结构良好。结论：用猪生物骨载体制成的听骨被认为是目前接近人听小骨的最佳材料。     

自体听骨在听骨链重建中的应用及疗效观察

目的探讨自体听骨用于听骨链重建术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析58例(60耳)应用自体听骨行听骨链重建术患者的临床资料,术后随访时间3-18个月,平均11.6个月,分析言语频率的纯音听阈及气骨导差。结果术后无一例自体听骨脱出,3例移位,无鼓膜再穿孔、内陷,所有患者术后均干耳。平均纯音听力气导由术前54.7±6.4 d B提高到术后39.0±9.1d B,骨导由术前28.3±4.6 d B提高到22.2±4.2d B,PTA-ABG由术前26.4±7.9 d B缩小到16.8±8.2 d B,手术成功率(术后PTA-ABG≤20d B)为71.7%(43/60)。结论自体听骨取材方便、费用低、组织相容性好,塑形后用于听骨链重建可取得良好的听力效果,是听骨链重建术的理想材料。     

镫骨手术几个值得关注的问题

镫骨手术的目的是恢复被耳硬化病灶固定的听骨链传音系统。Valsalva于1704年首先发现了镫骨固定与耳聋的关系，直到1893年Politzer对16例耳硬化症患者做了系统的临床观察和尸体颞骨的组织病理学检查后，提出其真正病因为骨迷路包囊的一种原发硬化病变。多位学者报道了镫骨撼动和镫骨全切术，全切术中前庭窗不以替代物覆盖，终因严重的内耳损伤和感染不得不终止此类手术。     

Tympanosclerosis involving the ossicular chain: mobility of the stapes in association with hearing results

Conclusion. The preoperative bone conduction level provides not only prognostic information but also information on the mobility of the stapes in tympanosclerosis. The surgical results depend upon the stapes mobility.

Objectives. We aimed to evaluate operative findings and hearing results of tympanosclerosis involving the ossicular chain, in order to understand the pathophysiology and to establish better surgical treatment of tympanosclerosis.

Patients and methods. Between January 1998 and March 2004, 29 patients (29 ears) with tympanosclerosis involving the ossicular chain underwent tympanoplasty at our hospital. Patients with myringosclerosis only, or with an associated cholesteatoma, were excluded from this study. The clinical and operational records and pre- and postoperative pure tone audiograms were reviewed retrospectively.

Results. Intact canal wall tympanoplasty was applied to all 29 patients. A non-staged operation was performed on 21 patients, and a staged operation was performed on the remaining 8 patients. In 25 patients (86.2%), the sclerotic lesion of the ossicles was located in the epitympanum. In the remaining four, the sclerotic lamella coated only the ossicular chain. On average, the preoperative air conduction hearing level of 57.9 dB was significantly improved to 46.3 dB after tympanoplasty. The success rate of middle ear surgery was 65.5% (19 of 29 patients), according to the criteria of the Otological Society of Japan. In 16 patients (55.2%), the mobility of the stapes was preserved (group A), while in the remaining 13 patients (44.8%), the stapes was fixed (group B). The mean preoperative bone conduction of 25.5 dB in group A was significantly better than that of 37.2 dB in group B. The hearing result significantly improved in group A but not in group B. The success rates were 75% (12 of 16 patients) in group A and 53.8% (7 of 13 patients) in group B.     

耳内镜下听骨链重建探讨及初步疗效观察

目的探讨耳内镜下进行听骨链重建术的可行性。方法对1998年5月至2011年2月应用耳内镜(直径2.7mm,视角为0°或30°)行听骨链重建的52例病人进行回顾性分析,并对其近期疗效初步评估。结果 52例患者全部顺利在耳内镜下完成手术,其中耳硬化症25例,鼓室硬化症19例,听骨链部分缺损8例。耳硬化症患者4例采用镫骨底板部分切除,21例采用小窗技术,7例无需外道后上壁盾板切除,即可在内镜下完成手术。鼓室硬化症8例去除病灶行镫骨撼动,11例切除砧骨及镫骨上结构,采用TORP或Piston进行听骨链重建。听骨链部分缺损采用TORP或PORP人工听骨连接,重建听骨链。经随访6个月以上的病例有40例,其中35例术后听力有明显改善,骨气导差在15dB以内,近期疗效满意。结论根据初步临床应用观察,认为耳内镜可以用于听骨链重建手术,尤其是耳硬化症患者。其优点是创伤小,恢复快,缺点是耳内镜下进行单手精细操作有一定难度,对于外耳道狭窄者不适宜。     

听骨链多层螺旋CT三维重建技术在临床中的应用

随着多层螺旋CT技术的发展,多层螺旋CT可对听骨链进行三维立体重建,从任意角度观察听骨链的完整性及连续性,弥补了传统CT的不足。现对多层螺旋CT听骨链重建技术、临床应用及其局限性等方面进行综述。     

Allograft stapes surgery for conductive hearing loss in patients with ossicular chain anomalies

An allograft stapes was used during surgical intervention for conductive hearing loss due to ossicular malformations in 11 ears of seven patients. The external auditory canal and tympanic membrane were normal in all ears. The surgical findings for the ossicles were stapes fixation (7 ears), stapes fixation with discontinuity of the incudostapedial joint (in both ears of one patient), a deformed incus and stapes crura compressed by the facial nerve (one ear in which the stapes was not fixed) and an anomaly of the incus and stapes combined with a dermoid cyst (in one ear in which the stapes was also not fixed). In all ears, the following procedures were performed: stapedectomy followed by sealing the oval window with a vein graft and placing an allograft stapes between the oval window and the lenticular process of the incus or the handle of the malleus. The allograft stapes was placed with its capitulum on the oval window in all cases, and fibrin glue was used for stabilizing the seal and the allograft stapes. The indications for stapedectomy for conductive hearing loss due to ossicular chain anomalies and the utility of allograft stapes are discussed.     

听骨链修复与功能重建的理论与实践

旨在消除或缩小气骨导差的中耳重建技术起自20世纪初,Matte（1901）首先报道的鼓膜一镫骨连接技术（nlyringostapediopexy）被认为具有标志性意义,此后”j现了很多旨在建立鼓膜和内耳淋巴液间联系的方法。直到20世纪50年代,Zollner（1955）和Wullstein（1956）的工作使之成为公认的现代听骨重建技术的奠基者。与之相伴的外科技术以及材料科学的进步,使得中耳重建手术的效果逐步提高。虽可明品改善患者听力水平,但欲获得稳定的远期疗效仍面临许多问题。术后感染、局部粘连、排斥反应以及耳咽管功能障碍等成为影响效果的主要因素。     

乳突切开术并一期听骨链重建的临床疗效分析

目的：评估乳突切开术并一期行听骨链重建的临床疗效。方法：对2008-01～2011-06期间在我科住院行乳突切开术并一期钛人工听骨植入手术并且有完整随访资料的患者139例进行回顾分析,其中置入部分听骨赝复物（PORP）者91例,置入全听骨赝复物（TORP）者48例,随访时间为2～5年,纯音测听法（PTA）检测患者术前及术后听力,比较手术前后的气导听阈（0．5、1．0、2．0、4．0kHz四个频率气导之平均值）及气骨导差（ABG）,分析钛人工听骨在同期听骨链重建术的听力重建效果。术后ABG≤20dB为听力提高有效。结果：PORP植入患者术前气导平均听阈为（53．97±11．32）dB,术后为（36．80土11．68）dB,平均降低（17．17±5．79）dB;术前ABG平均为（31．84±6．17）dB,术后为（15．13±7．22）dB,平均缩小（16．71±5．50）dB;TORP组患者术前气导平均听阈为（58．05±11．35）dB,术后为（44．53±13．15）dB,平均降低（13．52±7．81）dB;术前ABG平均为（35．67±5．73）dB,术后为（21．48±7．01）dB,平均缩小（14．18±7．53）dB;各组术前术后的差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。PORP组术后ABG≤20dB者（术后听力提高有效）共68例,有效率为74．73％;TORP组术后ABG≤20dB者共26例,有效率为54．13％;总有效率为68．63％,两组之间的差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：乳突切开术并同期钛人工听骨植入取得了良好的听力效果,PORP比TORP的听力改善效果好。     

外伤性听骨链中断和脱位的诊断及治疗

目的:探讨常见外伤性听骨链中断和脱位的诊断治疗及术后疗效。方法:8例(8耳)外伤性听骨链中断,其中6例为单侧传导性聋,2例混合性聋且以传导性为主;8耳均行鼓室探查,并行听骨链重建术,其中1耳行全听骨(TORP)重建术,4耳行部分听骨(PORP)重建术,2耳行听骨链复位,1耳用人工砧骨重建,通过术前术后气骨导差比较疗效。结果:术前听力检查示平均气骨导差为42.9dB,术后3周平均气骨导差为22.3dB,较术前缩小20.6dB(t=22.10,P<0.01),术后6～8个月平均气骨导差为18.6dB,较术前缩小24.3dB(t=12.813,P<0.01)。结论:外伤性听骨链中断或脱位引起的传导性听力下降,根据术中情况采用不同听骨链重建术可以明显提高听力,治疗首选手术。     

Mechanics of the TORP/stapes interface

The gain in hearing as a result of ossicular prosthesis (TORP) placement on the stapes footplate was evaluated in 10 patients during actual middle ear reconstructive surgery. The patients with radical mastoidectomy cavities were operated on under local anaesthesia and intra-operative hearing was tested with the TORP shaft in three positions with regard to the stapes footplate: anterior, central and posterior. The anterior position of the shaft provided greater hearing improvement than the posterior position, with the central position falling approximately midway.     

The sandwich cartilage shoe technique for ossicular reconstruction in a case of an unsecure stapes footplate

This article describes a new surgical method for total ossicular reconstruction in a case of a broken stapes footplate. We developed the technique of the "cartilage shoe sandwich," which consists of two surgical steps. First, the closure of the oval window is achieved by a cartilage shoe without a central perforation. During this surgical intervention, the prearrangement of a secure placement of a total ossicular replacement prosthesis is provided by a second cartilage with a central hole that is plugged with silicone. In a staged procedure, the silicone plug is removed and the ossicular reconstruction can be performed. The audiological results of the first patients show a stable inner ear function with an air-conduction gain of 9 dB. The technique described herein has proven to be safe and reliable in total ossicular reconstruction in the event of an unsecure stapes footplate.