小半夏加茯苓汤对顺铂诱发大鼠异食癖的防治作用

目的 观察小半夏加茯苓汤(Xiaobanxia Fuling Decoction, XBFD)对顺铂(cisplatin, DDP)诱发的化疗性大鼠异食癖的防治作用,并探讨其作用机制。     

小半夏汤对化疗性大鼠异食癖的防治作用

目的:观察小半夏汤对化疗性异食癖的防治作用。方法:建立大鼠化疗性异食癖模型,小半夏汤分别灌胃小半夏汤6.4g/kg、3.2g/kg、1.6g/kg,连续3d;阳性药对照组灌胃恩丹西酮1.3mg/kg;腹腔注射顺铂7mg/kg造模,记录大鼠化疗前后高岭土消耗量及一般状况,HE染色观察小肠组织形态学变化,免疫组织化学染色观察小肠5-HT表达。结果:小半夏汤能明显降低化疗大鼠24h摄食高岭土量,减少小肠粘膜5-HT表达。结论:小半夏汤可以抑制化疗性异食癖,提示具有防治化疗性恶心呕吐作用,作用机制与抑制小肠5-HT释放有关。     

小半夏加茯苓汤口服液制备工艺的研究

小半夏加茯苓是东汉张仲景的止吐经典方,该方服用方法仍停留在传统水煎剂方法上,不方便患者服用,本文以药理验证为探讨小半夏加茯苓汤口服液的制备工艺、质量控制等问题,通过药效评价,认为离心方法是一种简便可行的制备方法,使用该方法制备制剂具有成本低廉,质量良好,疗效稳定,澄明度好等优点。     

小半夏加茯苓汤的化学成分研究

目的研究小半夏加茯苓汤的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、反相硅胶柱、薄层色谱和重结晶等方法对小半夏加茯苓汤进行分离、纯化,通过波谱数据对化合物进行结构解析。结果从小半夏加茯苓汤中分离纯化得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为6-Shogaol黄酮(1)、Kaempferol黄酮醇(2)、Leucine氨基酸(3)、β-sitosterol甾醇(4)、Guanosine嘌呤核苷(5)。结论化合物1~5均首次从小半夏加茯苓汤中得到。     

小半夏加茯苓汤治疗呕吐临床应用举隅

目的：研究小半夏加茯苓汤治疗呕吐的临床应用。方法：以《金匮》名方“小半夏加茯苓汤”为主，结合辨证论治治疗呕吐。结果：本办法治疗呕吐临床应用广泛，疗效可靠。结论：小半夏加茯苓汤有明显的镇呕止吐作用，可进一步研究开发。     

小半夏加茯苓汤治疗小儿秋季性腹泻的临床体会

小半夏加茯苓汤源自《金匮要略》,方由半夏、生姜、茯苓组成,是以论治饮邪上逆之证。秋季性腹泻是小儿常见病、多发病,好发于秋冬季节。是以呕吐、大量腹泻为主要     

小半夏加茯苓汤研究进展

小半夏加茯苓汤是一种传统的中药复方,临床上广泛用于妊娠呕吐、化疗呕吐和眩晕的治疗。近年来,对其临床用途的新发现,止吐及抗肿瘤作用机制的深入探索,药效物质基础的揭示,质量控制方法的建立以及工艺配伍方面的研究屡见不鲜。文章对小半夏加茯苓汤自2000年以来的研究成果进行文献综述,并对其进一步现代化研究前景提出展望。     

小半夏加茯苓汤止吐作用的实验研究

用传统公认的致吐剂——硫酸铜灌胃及静脉注射制作呕吐动物模型［１］，观察小半夏加茯苓汤灌胃给药防治硫酸酮致吐的作用，发现小半夏加茯苓汤能对抗硫酸铜引起的呕吐，并发现小半夏加茯苓汤能使小鼠小肠蠕动作用减慢及中枢镇静作用加强。同时发现小半夏加茯苓汤能对抗顺氨氯铂兴奋胃肠平滑肌的作用，使胃肠平滑肌运动频率减慢、强度减弱；使肠平滑肌强直收缩次数及呕吐次数明显减少，使肠平滑肌肌电活动频率、峰电位数和峰电位强度明显降低。     

小半夏加茯苓汤治疗再发性呕吐

再发性呕吐又叫周期性呕吐,是一种顽固性呕吐,多发生于学龄前期和学龄早期.患儿有反复发作呕吐的历史,呕吐程度剧烈,容易引起脱水和电解质紊乱.西医无特效疗法,一般治疗为补充水、电解质及镇静、止吐等对症支持疗法.笔者用小半夏加茯苓汤治疗8例,疗效好,现介绍如下.     

小半夏加茯苓汤治疗肺心病心衰

肺心病心衰是肺心病治疗中的难点和重点，近年来我们从中西医结合的角度，根据肺心病心衰时的病机特点，在常规治疗的同时，加用小半夏加茯苓汤，治疗４８例，取得了满意的疗效，现总结如下，供同道参考。１一般资料１．１病例来源根据临床研究设计的要求，９６例病例中...     

Xiao-Ban-Xia-Tang inhibits cisplatin-induced pica by down regulating obestatin in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Xiao-Ban-Xia-Tang (XBXT), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been used in China for more than 2000 years, and proved to be effective in various cases of vomiting in the clinic.

Objective

To investigate the inhibitive effect of XBXT on cisplatin-induced pica behaviour and its effective mechanism on obestatin, CCK and CGRP in the pica model of rat.

Materials and Methods

The inhibitive effect of XBXT was investigated in the pica model of rats induced by cisplatin (3 mg kg⁻¹, i.p.) in 72 h observation, the expression of obestatin in the area postrema and ileum was measured by immunohistochemistry and PCR, and the levels of CCK and CGRP in blood were measured by Elisa.

Results

The weight of kaolin eaten in rats induced by cisplatin was significantly reduced by pretreatment with XBXT in a dose-dependent manner during the 0-24 h and 24-72 h periods (P < 0.05). XBXT exhibited effective dose-dependent (P < 0.05) inhibition on the increase of expression levels of obestatin in both the ileum and area postrema, and markedly suppressed the increase levels of CCK and CGRP in blood induced by cisplatin in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

XBXT has good activity against cisplatin-induced eating kaolin in rats possibly by inhibiting central or peripheral increase of obestatin, or the levels of CCK and CGRP in blood.     

小半夏加茯苓汤中鸟苷含量的高效液相色谱测定

目的 建立小半夏加茯苓汤的鸟苷含量测定方法.方法 采用HPLC测定小半夏加茯苓汤中鸟苷的含量.色谱柱C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈:水=(4:96),流速0.7 ml/min,检测波长为260 nm,进样量为10心,柱温为30℃.结果 鸟苷含量在0.49～4.9 μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,回归方程为Y=353 311X+27 1137(r =0.999 9,n=5),平均回收率为99.57％,RSD为1.01％.结论 该法简便可行,结果可靠,重复性好,可作为研究小半夏加茯苓汤中鸟苷含量的方法.     

补阳还五汤对大鼠化疗相关外周神经痛的预防作用及其机制

目的观察补阳还五汤对紫杉醇诱导的大鼠外周神经痛的预防作用,并以脊髓大麻素受体为主要靶点,探讨其作用机制。方法将50只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、预防组、AM630组、AM251组,每组10只。除对照组外,其余各组于实验第1,3,5,7天分别腹腔注射紫杉醇2 mg/kg;预防组在建模的同时每天予补阳还五汤2.5 g/(kg·d)灌胃干预14 d;AM630组在预防组的基础上于每天灌胃前予3 mg/kg大麻素Ⅱ型受体(CBR2)阻滞剂AM630腹腔注射;AM251组在预防组的基础上于每天灌胃前予1.5 mg/kg大麻素Ⅰ型受体(CBR1)阻滞剂AM251腹腔注射。每7 d记录1次各组大鼠体质量,并使用von fery纤维丝测试各组大鼠机械缩足阈值(MWT),共观察28 d;实验观察28 d后使用RT-PCR检测各组大鼠脊髓组织中CBR1、CBR2、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的mRNA表达水平。结果实验第7,14,21,28天,各组大鼠体质量增量比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。模型组实验第7,14,21,28天的MWT均显著低于同期对照组(P均<0.05);预防组、AM251组实验第14,21,28天的MWT均显著高于同期模型组(P均<0.05),但AM630组与模型组比较、预防组与AM251组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。模型组CBR2、CBR1、GFAP mRNA表达水平与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),IL-1β、TNF-αmRNA表达水平明显高于对照组(P均<0.05);预防组和AM251组CBR2 mRNA表达水平明显高于模型组(P均<0.05),IL-1β、TNF-αmRNA表达水平均明显低于模型组(P均<0.05);AM630组与模型组比较、预防组与AM251组比较各相关蛋白mRNA表达水平差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论补阳还五汤可以预防紫杉醇诱导的外周神经痛,机制可能与其激活脊髓CBR2,并进一步抑制脊髓IL-1β、TNF-α等炎症细胞因子的表达有关。     

半夏泻心汤对MNNG诱导大鼠前胃鳞癌的防治作用

目的观察半夏泻心汤对N-甲基-N'-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,MNNG诱导大鼠前胃鳞癌的防治作用。方法将140只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,空白组20只、模型组100只、模型中药组20只,采用MNNG联合多因素造模。每4周抽检模型组大鼠4只,观察前胃黏膜组织学变化,确定造模是否成功。造模成功后抽检各组大鼠,并将剩余模型组39只大鼠随机分为4组,模型对照组9只,半夏泻心汤高、中、低剂量组各10只,分别给予0.9%生理盐水、2.29、1.375、0.6875 g/m L的半夏泻心汤灌胃,10 m L/kg,1次/天,连续12周。40周末,处死全部大鼠,观察前胃黏膜组织学变化。结果 28周末前胃鳞状上皮增生、异型增生、鳞癌发生率,空白组为5%、5%、0,模型组为100%、83.3%、50%,模型中药组为0、0、0。40周末前胃鳞状上皮增生、异型增生、鳞癌发生率,模型对照组为100%、100%、77.8%,高剂量组为100%、85.7%、57.1%,中剂量组为100%、44.5%、22.3%,低剂量组为100%、77.8%、66.7%。结论半夏泻心汤对MNNG多因素造模法诱发大鼠前胃鳞癌的发生具有一定的防治作用。     

Preventive and therapeutic effects of acupuncture on bone mass in osteopenic ovariectomized rats

This study was designed to (1) test the preventive and therapeutic effects of acupuncture on osteopenia in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and (2) assess whether treatment of different acupuncture points causes different effects on tibiae, femora or lumbar spines. Thirty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Sham (sham-operated, non-acupuncture); Model (OVX, non-acupuncture); Acp-A [OVX, bilateral needling of points Tsu-San-Li (ST-36) and San-Yin- Chiao (SP-6)]; and Acp-B (OVX, bilateral needling of P'i-Shu (Bl-20) and Shen Shu (Bl-23)). Operations were performed at 8 weeks of age, 1 week later the study was started and continued for 16 weeks. Ovariectomy resulted in decreased bone mineral density (BMD) compared to the sham group over time, and Acp-A tended to have higher BMD than the other OVX groups, especially for tibiae. In addition, the bone ash weight of the Acp groups tended to be heavier than the model group. Deoxypyridinoline, the urinary marker of bone resorption, also appeared to be decreased in both acupuncture groups. Similarly, microarchitecture and bone morphometry of lumbar vertebrae and tibiae, such as bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, mineralizing surface, bone formation rate, mineral apposition rate, number of nodes and number of node-terminus struts, also showed the same improvement in the acupuncture groups as compared to the model control group. Our findings showed that acupuncture may prevent the development of osteopenia in rats induced by ovariectomy. Needling of Tsu-San-Li (ST-36) and San-Yin- Chiao (SP-6) seems more effective than needling of P'i-Shu (Bl-20) and Shen Shu (Bl-23) in bone anabolic regulation.     

Preventive and therapeutic effects of hirudo on incipient acute tubular necrosis in rats]

Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180-250 g and depleted with water for 16 h, were injected with glycerol (im) to induce acute tubular necrosis, and then divided into groups given blood-activating and stasis-removing drug, Hirudo solution (GH) tap water (GW), verapamil (GV) and none (GSDW) in incipient stage separately. It was observed that levels of BUN increased at 24th and 48th h after administration of glycerol and levels of Bcr increased at 3rd, 24th and 48th h after injecting glycerol in GH were significantly lower than those increased in GW and GSDW (P less than 0.05-P less than 0.001), but roughly similar to those in GV (P greater than 0.05-P greater than 0.5). Renal histopathological damage under light microscope and electron-microscope in GH at 3rd and 24th h after administration of glycerol were also less severe than those in GW and GSDW. The results suggested that Hirudo could exert a preventive and therapeutic effects on incipient acute tubular necrosis induced by glycerol in rats.     

注射用消障素对家兔实验性萘性白内障的防治作用

目的研究注射用消障素对家兔实验性萘性白内障的防治作用.方法以30%萘混悬液2.65 mL/(kg·d)给家兔ig,连续8 d,制作成萘性白内障模型.注射用消障素预防治疗起始于造模前4 d,高、低剂量组为0.1及0.05mL原液/眼,隔日球结膜下注射1次,共6次.每日以裂隙灯显微镜追踪检查家兔晶状体混浊度的变化.于实验结束之日进行裂隙灯显微镜摄影;并对其晶体状SOD活性及GSH的含量进行测定.结果注射用消障素高剂量组能显著抑制家兔萘性白内障晶状体混浊度的进展(P＜0.05);并有增加晶状体GSH含量(23.3%)及阻止SOD活性下降的趋势.低剂量组未见显效.结论注射用消障素球结膜下注射,对家兔萘性白内障的发生发展有明显的延缓作用.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸预防亚硒酸钠诱导大鼠白内障的研究

目的：对亚硒酸钠诱导白内障大鼠采用N-乙酰半胱氨酸进行预防性治疗,探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸对白内障大鼠模型氧化损伤和晶状体浑浊程度的影响。方法30只SD乳鼠随机分为3组,模型组ip 3.46 mg/kg亚硒酸钠溶液造模后,ip 0.1 mL/10 g生理盐水;实验组ipN-乙酰半胱氨酸10 mg/g,30 min ip亚硒酸钠溶液造模;对照组ip 0.1 mL/10 g生理盐水。所有动物均为隔日注射,连续6次。比较大鼠晶状体浑浊程度和SOD活性、NOS活性和MDA水平。结果在晶状体核区、后囊区、前囊区＋后囊区、前囊区＋皮质区＋核区＋后囊区中,实验组与模型组比较得分差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;实验组SOD活性和MDA活性与模型组比较差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 N-乙酰半胱氨酸能够预防后囊和核区白内障的发生,其作用是通过减少MDA水平、提高SOD活性、改善氧化应激实现的。     

大黄及芒硝对重症急性胰腺炎患者胃肠功能衰竭的防治作用

目的探讨大黄、芒硝对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者胃肠功能衰竭的防治作用。方法将88例SAP患者随机分为治疗组44例和对照组44例,对照组予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用大黄、芒硝治疗。观察2组患者腹痛缓解时间、首次排便时间、消化道出血率、并发症发生率及治疗失败率。结果治疗组腹痛缓解时间、首次排便时间、消化道出血率及并发症发生率较对照组均有显著性差异(P均<0.05),治疗失败率比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论SAP患者在进行常规治疗的同时使用大黄、芒硝治疗,对防治胃肠功能衰竭有明显效果,能有效改善胰腺炎的预后。     

肝龙胶囊对大鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤的防治作用研究

目的: 研究肝龙胶囊对大鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤的防治作用及作用机制。 方法: 采用梯度浓度乙醇灌胃12周建立慢性酒精性肝损伤模型。检测大鼠血清中ALT,AST,TG,CHO,TNF-α水平和肝组织中GSH,SOD,MDA,ADH和Alb的水平,以及肝脏病理学检查,并对其损伤程度进行病理分级。 结果: 肝龙胶囊能降低肝损伤大鼠血清中ALT,AST,CHO,TG, TNF-α和肝组织中MDA的含量(P<0.01),提高肝组织中抗氧化剂GSH和SOD的活性(P<0.01);病理切片观察可见,模型组大鼠肝小叶结构大部分被破坏,肝细胞索紊乱,胞浆内出现弥漫性大小不等的脂肪空泡,可见灶状坏死和炎性细胞浸润;各治疗组大鼠肝损伤均有不同程度的减轻。 结论: 肝龙胶囊对大鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤有显著的防治作用。