变异型心绞痛证候要素提取及其组合与分布规律

目的:提取变异型心绞痛(variant angina pectoris,VAP)证候要素并分析其证候要素组合与分布规律,探讨VAP的病机特点。方法:收集175例VAP患者病历资料,以基于信息熵的复杂系统分划方法提取证候要素,确定症状贡献度,以受试者工作特征曲线建立诊断阈值,通过阈值辨证结果,分析VAP证候要素组合与分布规律。结果:VAP存在气虚、气滞、血瘀、痰浊、火热、痰热、阴虚、阳虚等证候要素,可有单一证候要素或2个、3个及4个以上证候要素组合类型,气虚、阴虚、气滞、血瘀、痰浊在VAP证候要素分布中出现的频率较高。结论:基于信息熵的复杂系统分划方法可以用于提取证候要素,通过分析证候要素组合与分布规律发现VAP病机复杂,气虚、阴虚、气滞、血痰、痰浊是其主要病机因素。     

268例特发性疲劳证候要素应证组合研究

目的研究特发性疲劳的证候要素及常见证候。方法现况调查方法收集专病门诊268例特发性疲劳患者,分析其证候要素及应证组合。结果证候要素共有8个,由高至低依次为气滞、气虚、火热、阴虚、血虚、阳虚、痰、血瘀。主要证候有气滞化火兼气虚162例,气机郁滞兼气虚84例、气阴两虚气滞化火83例,为主要证候组合类型,其他证候组合有气滞化火气虚痰阻、痰热郁滞兼气虚、气滞痰郁化火、气滞兼气(阳)虚、气滞化火气虚血瘀等。结论特发性疲劳临床以气滞、气虚与火热为主要证候要素,气滞化火兼气虚及气机郁滞兼气虚为主要证候。     

基于聚类分析和对应分析的稳定型心绞痛证候要素组合规律的研究

目的：运用聚类分析和对应分析法研究251例稳定型心绞痛的25个常见症状的分类和证候要素组合规律。 方法：收集251例经冠状动脉造影证实的稳定型心绞痛患者，记录中医四诊信息，运用聚类分析和对应分析方法进行证候分类和证候要素组合规律研究。 结果：运用聚类分析法把25个常见症状聚成4类，专家辨证第1类为心气亏虚证，第2类为脾气虚弱证，第3类为气阴两虚证，第4类为痰瘀互阻证，其中心气亏虚证和痰瘀互阻证关系最为密切。应用对应分析法发现气虚和血瘀之间的关系最为密切，其次为痰浊和热蕴以及气虚和阴虚。 结论：气虚血瘀是稳定型心绞痛的核心病机，稳定型心绞痛的常见证候要素组合为气虚＋血瘀、气虚＋阴虚、血瘀＋痰浊、心气虚＋痰浊＋血瘀。同时还提示聚类分析和对应分析是进行证候要素组合规律研究较适宜的方法。     

基于特征加权的冠心病心绞痛证候聚类研究

目的：探讨冠心病心绞痛中医证候分型及分布规律。方法：根据《冠心病心绞痛证候信息采集表》收集符合纳入标准的冠心病心绞痛患者证候信息,并利用Access软件建立冠心病心绞痛证候信息数据库,然后将录入的证候信息导入SPSS进行聚类分析,归纳符合临床的合理证型。结果：通过聚类分析认为冠心病心绞痛证候聚成气虚血瘀证、痰浊内阻证、阴虚痰瘀证、气滞痰热证、寒凝血瘀证、气阴两虚证、阴虚痰瘀证7类比较合理。结论：基于特征加权的聚类分析所得的冠心病心绞痛证候分型与临床有较高的符合度,该方法可以在疾病证候分型研究领域进一步推广。     

基于支持向量机的名老中医治疗冠心病证候要素研究

目的 探索名老中医辨治冠心病的共性规律.方法 以名医诊治冠心病典型医案115例,建立冠心病名医诊疗数据库,运用支持向量机方法进行了证候要素诊断及相关研究.结果 提取到名医诊治冠心病8个主要证候要素:血瘀、痰浊、气虚、阳虚、阴虚、内热、血虚、气滞,并确定了其定量诊断,阐释了证候要素应证组合规律,归纳了名医治疗冠心病8个证候要素的用药规律.结论 证候要素研究揭示了名医证候诊断的内涵及其组方用药规律,对中医辨治冠心病有指导意义.     

国医大师诊治冠心病心绞痛临证医案证机分析

目的明确国医大师临证医案中对冠心病心绞痛的证机认识。方法采用文献研究方法,从已发表论文及专著中收集国医大师诊治冠心病心绞痛的临床医案,构建国医大师冠心病心绞痛临证医案数据库。联合应用描述性统计、主成分分析、因子分析,对冠心病心绞痛医案中的一般资料、临床症状、舌脉信息、辨证进行统计分析,获得其证机特点。结果累计检索60位国医大师公开发表文献5967篇,出版书籍330本,最终纳入国医大师诊治冠心病心绞痛临床病例166则。其主症以"胸闷"最为多见,其次为"胸痛"和"心前区刺痛",构成比分别为54.82%、23.49%、10.24%;血瘀、气虚、痰、阴虚、气滞、阳虚、浊、热为累计频率10%的证候要素。结论冠心病心绞痛患者总体呈现"虚实夹杂、本虚标实"的证候特征,其中,"血瘀""痰""湿"为其常见的实性证候要素、"气虚""阳虚""阴虚"为其常见的虚性证候要素,此研究为临床诊治本病提供到了可靠依据。     

冠心病心绞痛中医证候分布与白细胞介素-6、内皮素-1相关性研究

目的探讨冠心病心绞痛中医证候分布规律及其与白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、内皮素（ET-1）的关系,为中医辨证客观化提供依据。方法对100例经冠状动脉造影诊断为冠心病心绞痛患者参照一定的标准进行证候要素提取,并测定IL-6、ET-1水平,作相关性分析。结果证型分布以本虚标实证居多;证候分布中气虚、痰浊、血瘀三型所占比例较大,关系为血瘀〉痰浊〉气虚;实证较虚实夹杂证IL-6水平明显升高（P〈0.05）;夹痰夹瘀证较夹痰证和夹瘀证ET-1水平明显升高（P〈0.05）。结论冠心病心绞痛中医证型以本虚标实证居多,冠心病心绞痛的基本证候是血瘀、痰浊、气虚;IL-6、ET-1与中医证型分布具有相关性,两者均能作为辨证的客观参考依据。     

基于文献的冠心病心绞痛中医证候要素与冠脉造影结果相关性分析

目的：探讨冠心病心绞痛患者中医证候要素与冠脉造影结果的相关性,寻找冠心病中医辨证分型标准化指标,为中西医结合防治冠心病提供一定的客观依据。方法：对近11年文献中所包含的3021例经冠脉造影确诊的冠心病心绞痛病例进行中医辨证分型,提取证候要素,运用现代医学统计学方法处理数据,观察中医证候要素与冠脉病变程度之间的关系。结果：冠心病心绞痛患者中医证候要素以血瘀、痰浊、气虚、阴虚为主,其他次之;冠状动脉单支病变中以气滞、阴虚证候要素为主,在三支病变中以血瘀、痰浊为主。结论：冠状动脉病变程度不同,其主要中医证候要素不同,提示冠状动脉造影结果与冠心病心绞痛中医证候要素存在一定相关性。     

胃溃疡证候要素分布组合规律文献研究

目的探讨胃溃疡证候要素分布、组合规律。方法检索中国知网数据库1982年1月至2013年12月关于中医药治疗胃溃疡证候分型的相关文献,建立胃溃疡证候文献研究数据库,对其病性、病位证候要素的分布及组合规律进行统计和分析。结果经检索并筛查共纳入325篇文献,共提取病位要素4个,分别为胃、脾、肝、胆;病性证候要素10个,分别为气滞、血瘀、热(火)、气虚、阳虚、阴虚、湿、寒、痰、食积;共挖掘出4对正相关关系的证素对,支持度从高到低依次为气滞-血瘀、湿-热(火)、气虚-气滞、气虚-血瘀。结论胃溃疡的病位证候要素按构成比从高到低依次为胃脾肝胆;病性证候要素按构成比从高到低依次为气滞血瘀热(火)气虚阳虚阴虚湿寒痰食积;证素组合规律中出现频次50次者,由高到低为脾+胃+阳虚肝+胃+气滞气滞+血瘀脾+胃+气虚胃+阴虚。     

冠心病心绞痛血瘀证证候特点及相关影响因素分析

目的：探讨冠心病心绞痛血瘀证证候特点及与相关因素的关联性。方法：制定临床信息采集表,对符合纳入标准的患者进行信息采集,建立证候数据库,对血瘀证的证候特点进行分析,并与相关因素关联性进行 Logistic回归分析。结果：冠心病心绞痛血瘀证在所有证候要素中占85.1%;血瘀合并气虚证1321例,占76.4%,血瘀合并阴虚证713例,占41.3%,血瘀合并痰浊证703例,占40.6%;高血压病对血瘀的影响强度最大。结论：血瘀证是冠心病心绞痛最常见的证候要素,血瘀致病多与气虚、痰浊、阴虚相互兼杂,气虚血瘀是其根本的病机,高血压病与血瘀相关性最强。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.