可脱球囊栓塞术在海绵窦瘘治疗中的应用 (附 2 7例报告 )

目的　研究微导管可脱球囊技术治疗海绵窦瘘的临床意义。方法 :2 6例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘 (TCCF)患者和 1例大脑前动脉 (A1段 )动脉瘤破裂合并海绵窦瘘患者采用微导管可脱球囊技术进行栓塞治疗 ,以经颅多普勒 (TCD)进行复查 ,所有患者均随访 6月以上。结果 :2 2例CCF患者均成功栓塞瘘口并保持颈内动脉通畅 ,其中 2 0例为一次栓塞成功 ,2例因球囊过早泄漏而行 2次栓塞治疗。对 1例A1段动脉瘤破裂合并海绵窦瘘患者成功施行了双球囊动脉瘤颈孤立术。 4例行颈内动脉闭塞术。本组病例未发生严重并发症。结论 :微导管可脱球囊技术是对海绵窦瘘的一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

颈内动脉海绵窦瘘血管内栓塞治疗的临床价值

目的　探讨颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗。方法　对 18例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘患者 ,全部经皮股动脉穿刺行全脑DSA检查确诊 ,用可脱球囊进行栓塞治疗。结果　 18例患者全部栓塞成功 ,其中 15例同时保持颈内动脉通畅 ,1例CCF瘘口较大 ,2例球囊进入瘘口困难 ,改行闭塞瘘口的同时栓塞同侧颈内动脉。术后除 1例患者眼睛失明未恢复外 ,其余病例临床症状及体征完全消失。结论　血管内栓塞技术是目前治疗CCF的最好方法 ,具有损伤小 ,安全性高 ,疗效可靠等特点     

血管内栓塞治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘

目的　探讨颈内动脉海绵窦瘘 (CCF)血管内栓塞治疗的效果。方法　 5例均经DSA全脑血管造影明确瘘口部位 ,采用可脱性球囊或电致血凝性可脱性铂金弹簧圈 (GDC)进行栓塞。结果　 5例中 ,1例球囊栓塞成功并保持颈内动脉通畅 ;2例表现为假性动脉瘤 ,用球囊闭塞患侧颈内动脉 ;1例因瘘口太小 ,用GDC填塞海绵窦 ;另 1例 2次试放球囊入海绵窦均破裂失败 ,其中 1枚瘪陷球囊滞留于海绵窦 ,患者不愿闭塞患侧颈内动脉未予进一步治疗 ,但患者治疗术后 1周临床症状和体征消失。结论　颈内动脉海绵窦瘘全脑血管造影可明确瘘口部位、大小 ,首选治疗方法是血管内栓塞治疗。     

双球囊技术在外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘治疗中应用探讨

【摘要】 目的 总结双球囊技术（不可解脱球囊辅助可解脱球囊）在外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘（CCF）治疗中的应用经验,分析其适用范围及技术要点。 方法 回顾性分析采用双球囊技术行介入治疗的18例Barrow A型外伤性CCF患者。治疗过程中先在瘘口远心端放置不可解脱球囊,然后放置可解脱球囊靠近瘘口区域,适当充盈不可解脱球囊辅助可解脱球囊进入瘘口,并继续缓慢充盈不可解脱球囊挤压可解脱球囊通过瘘口进入海绵窦内,最后充盈可解脱球囊闭塞瘘口。 结果 18例患者栓塞术后造影证实瘘口均完全闭塞获成,颈内动脉通畅。术后患者颅内杂音即刻消失,球结膜充血、水肿或突眼等症状逐步消除,无颅内缺血、出血等严重并发症。随访12～48个月,1例出现复发,仍予以双球囊技术治愈,随访18个月无复发。 结论 双球囊技术治疗Barrow A型外伤性CCF患者安全有效,具有创新性、可靠、费用低的特点。     

HydroCoil栓塞系统治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘3例并文献复习

目的 评价应用HydroCoil栓塞系统(hydroCoil embolization system, HES)治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘(carotid cavernous fistula,CCF)的安全性和有效性.方法 结合文献复习,回顾性分析3例经可脱性球囊栓塞治疗失败后用HES治疗的CCF病人.3例患者均为外伤性CCF,共3个瘘口,所有病人均有眼部症状,包括:球结膜充血、突眼等.结果 3例患者3个瘘口完全闭塞并保持颈内动脉通畅;术后患者恢复良好,颅内吹风样杂音消失,突眼症状明显减轻,视力有不同程度的恢复.随访4～6个月均无复发,没有神经系统并发症发生.结论 HES对于治疗球囊栓塞失败的CCF病人是安全有效的.     

可脱性球囊栓塞治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘

目的 探讨外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘（ＴＣＣＦ）的神经血管内介入治疗技术。材料与方法 应用法国Ｂａｌｔ公司的同轴可脱性球囊技术,在数字减影（ＤＳＡ）监视下,对１２例ＴＣＣＦ患者施行可脱性球囊栓塞治疗。结果 ９例患者成功地用球囊闭塞了颈内动脉瘘口,同时也保持了颈内动脉通畅;２例由于球囊进入瘘口困难,１例ＣＣＦ瘘在,改行闭塞瘘口同时闭塞了颈内动脉,术后除１例失明未恢复外,其余病例临床症状完全消失。结论 可     

DSA三维重建后处理技术在颈内动脉海绵窦瘘治疗中的应用价值

【摘要】目的：探讨DSA三维重建后处理技术在血管内治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)中的应用价值。方法：回顾性收集67例经血管内栓塞治疗的CCF患者,所有患者均行DSA三维血管重建,采用容积再现（VR）、多平面重组(MPR)等后处理技术显示病变区域,分析瘘口形态、位置、大小等并选择合适的治疗方式,评价患者治疗效果。结果：67例CCF患者经DSA三维血管重建、采用MPR技术处理图像后均能清晰显示瘘口位置及大小。单纯可解脱球囊封堵瘘口45例,弹簧圈加Onyx胶栓塞瘘口21例,闭塞颈内动脉1例。所有患者瘘口栓塞完全,3个月至6年的临床随访中,均无复发。结论：DSA三维重建后处理技术能清晰的显示CCF患者瘘口位置及大小,对CCF治疗方案的选择具有较好的指导价值。     

经动脉途径行外伤后复杂颈内动脉海绵窦痿的血管内治疗

目前血管内治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(carotid-cavernousfistula,CCF)已被广泛接受。经典的方法是经动脉导入一可脱性球囊入海绵窦阻塞瘘口。但某些病例,如外伤性颈内动脉闭塞或既往行结扎或孤立手术(瘘仍经其它吻合支有血供),经动脉途径到达瘘口则不可能。作者报道了3例外伤性复杂CCF(1例为单侧双瘘口型,另外2例因解剖学原因经动脉途径困难)。例1,男,20岁,外伤性右CCF。最初曾行孤立术失败,三年后病人明显突眼。血管造影显示瘘口经后交通动脉供血,并且已结扎的颈总动脉(CCA)仍有持续缓慢的血流通过。用带孔球囊微导管经动脉途径对已结扎的CCA行扩张成形,并     

可脱球囊治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘

目的：研究外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的栓塞治疗。材料与方法：本文对5例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘患者施行了血管内介入栓塞术。所有患者均于手术前行Matas试验。结果：4例患者经可脱球囊栓塞术治疗，颈内动脉海绵瘘消失，颈内动脉保持通畅，颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的临床综合征于治疗后消失。1例由于瘘口较大，球囊不能完整闭塞瘘口，因该患者健侧颈内动脉代偿供应患侧的能力差，故无法栓塞患侧颈内动脉，栓塞术后该患者临床症状及体征有所改善但未能完全消除。结论：栓塞治疗对于外伤性预内动脉海绵窦瘘是一种有效治疗方法。     

外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的诊断及血管内栓塞治疗

目的探讨外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)的诊断方法和血管内球囊及可脱式弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗的效果。方法回顾性研究48例患者共49个瘘口进行51次栓塞治疗,其中49次应用可脱式球囊进行栓塞,2次应用GDC进行栓塞。结果49个瘘口中31个闭塞瘘口同时颈内动脉保持通畅,2例患者2周后复发,应用球囊再次栓塞。18个闭塞患侧颈内动脉,1例患者出现暂时性肢体偏瘫。2例GDC栓塞闭塞瘘口并保持颈内动脉通畅。患者临床症状基本全部消失,部分术前视力下降者恢复不良。结论物理诊断和DSA脑血管造影对TCCF诊断最有意义。可脱式球囊栓塞是治疗TCCF的良好方式,辅助GDC栓塞总体上可以达到更好的结果。     

Double-balloon technique for embolization of carotid cavernous fistulas

Embolization of a carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) by means of a detachable balloon is an established method for treating CCFs while preserving a patent parent internal carotid artery (ICA). However, failure to embolize the CCF may occur on a few occasions, such as when the balloon cannot pass through the fistula into the cavernous sinus by blood flow, or when the inflated balloon in the cavernous sinus retracts to the carotid artery. Under these circumstances, the ICA may have to be sacrificed in order to treat the CCF. Herein we describe a double-balloon technique for embolization of a CCF. By applying this technique, we successfully treated nine of 11 CCFs, without compromise of the parent ICA when the conventional one-balloon technique failed.     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗

目的　探讨不同的栓塞材料在颈动脉海绵窦瘘 (CCF)的血管内栓塞治疗中的应用。方法　回顾分析了 2 3例CCF血管内栓塞治疗病例。其中 2 2例外伤性CCF ,19例使用了可脱性球囊 ,3例使用了金属微弹簧圈作栓塞材料 ;1例自发性CCF ,使用了NB CA胶作栓塞剂。结果　可脱性球囊栓塞 19例 ,均获得临床治愈 ,其中 12例保持了患侧颈内动脉的通畅 ,获得解剖治愈 ;金属微弹簧圈栓塞 3例 ,2例成功 ,1例因弹簧圈异位栓塞于右大脑中动脉的分支 ,导致病人失语和半身不遂 ,1例自发性CCF ,经患侧脑膜副动脉注射NBCA胶 ,部分NBCA进入海绵窦内 ,病人获得临床治愈。结论　CCF首选血管内栓塞治疗 ,而可脱性球囊是一种理想的栓塞材料。由于金属微弹簧圈可控性差 ,不够安全 ,不应再被作为经颈内动脉途径的栓塞材料。     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘合并蝶窦假性动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘合并蝶窦假性动脉瘤的诊疗方法.方法 介入方法诊断和治疗6例创伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘合并蝶窦假性动脉瘤患者.结果 5例出现反复鼻腔大出血;所有患者均行瘘口和假性动脉瘤球囊闭塞,2例颈内动脉保留,1例合并对侧间接型颈动脉海绵窦瘘行经面静脉-眼上静脉瘘口弹簧圈栓塞术.术后颅内杂音均即刻消失,结膜充血水肿2周～3个月内消退.无介入相关并发症.所有患者均行随访,无临床症状复发,均恢复工作.结论 车祸是致颈动脉海绵窦瘘合并蝶窦假性动脉瘤的主要原因;受力部位多集中在患侧眶额部到眶颧部的眶前外侧区;头颅MRI结合临床表现对于术前确诊该病非常有帮助;可脱球囊闭塞瘘口和假性动脉瘤或闭塞颈内动脉是安全、有效的治疗方法.     

Angiographic follow-up of traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas treated with endovascular stent graft placement

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular treatment (EVT) of carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) is based on various techniques, mainly those using detachable balloons. Coronary covered stent grafts have been sporadically used in the intracranial arteries and only 2 traumatic CCFs have been reported in the literature; moreover, there is poor information about the long-term follow-up. We present 8 cases of CCFs treated by the placement of a covered stent, 5 of which have a 1-year clinical and angiographic follow-up. METHODS: Eight patients with posttraumatic CCF were treated by positioning a covered stent in the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) to occlude the fistula. They received periodic clinical and angiographic follow-up to evaluate the patency and the stability of clinical results. RESULTS: In all cases, the symptoms related to the CCF regressed after treatment and did not recur in the follow-up. Two patients presented residual filling of the CCF at the end of the procedure. The angiographic follow-up revealed in 6 patients of 7 a good patency of the ICA; in 1 patient, there was an ICA asymptomatic occlusion. One patient required transvenous coil occlusion of the cavernous sinus. CONCLUSION: When standard treatments fail, covered stent grafts can be used as a valid alternative in the treatment of CCFs, but more data are needed, especially in the long-term follow-up.     

经动脉入路血管内治疗142例创伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘临床分析

目的 验证经动脉入路血管内治疗对创伤性颈内动脉海绵瘘(CCF)的治疗效果.方法 142例经全脑血管造影确诊为颈内动脉海绵窦瘘,行常规可脱球囊栓塞术,其中7例行球囊栓塞失败,改为全麻下行Jostent覆膜支架成形术.结果 135例患者局麻下成功行可脱球囊栓塞术,7例行球囊栓塞失败后于全麻下成功行Jostent覆膜支架成形...     

Endovascular treatment strategy for direct carotid-cavernous fistulas resulting from rupture of intracavernous carotid aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reported treatments and outcomes in aneurysmal carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) have been admixed with those of cases considered to be symptomatic of intracavernous aneurysm. However, aneurysmal CCFs have clinical features distinct from those of dural arteriovenous fistulas, and treatment strategies similar to those of traumatic CCF are required. We evaluated our experience in placing detachable balloons in the management of spontaneous CCFs due to rupture of an intracavernous aneurysm. METHODS: Six patients (one man, five women; mean age, 64.7 years) were treated for spontaneous direct CCF at our institution between 1995 and 2001. All patients presented with sudden ocular symptoms including exophthalmos, conjunctival injection, chemosis, and ocular motor palsies. Detachable latex balloons were used as the embolic material in five patients, and in one patient the cavernous sinus was packed transarterially with coils. RESULTS: All six patients were successfully treated by means of transarterial embolization, and symptoms improved within a week. CONCLUSION: Although other techniques using a transvenous approach and/or detachable coils may also be useful, embolization with detachable balloons should be a safe and effective method to immediately occlude the fistula.     

直接型颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内治疗

探讨血管内治疗对直接型颈动脉海绵窦瘘的价值。材料和方法：38例患者在治疗前均行脑血管造影检查，所有病例均采用经动脉途径，用可脱球囊导管进行栓塞治疗。结果：38例患者中有36例栓塞成功，其中34例患者瘘口完全闭塞。36例患者中有32例于栓塞后保留颈内动脉，4例行颈内动脉球囊闭塞术。术后36例患者的海绵窦综合症均有不同程度的好转。3例患者曾行经静脉途径可脱球囊栓塞治疗，但由于海绵窦内分隔的阻挡作用，球囊不能进入海绵窦及其瘘口附近而告失败。2例患者由于球囊早脱并移位于大脑中动脉分支血管内，导致患者发生失语和一侧肢体偏瘫。结论：血管内可脱球囊栓塞治疗直接型颈脉海绵窦瘘，其瘘口闭塞率高，死亡率低，是直接型颈动脉海绵窦瘘的首选治疗手段。     

Transsphenoidal computer-navigation-assisted deflation of a balloon after endovascular occlusion of a direct carotid cavernous sinus fistula

SUMMARY: A 49-year-old woman with a direct posttraumatic carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) was treated with detachable balloons via a transcarotid route. After the procedure, her intracranial bruit, conjunctival injection, and orbital congestion were cured, but the preexistent sixth nerve palsy deteriorated. CT showed one balloon positioned in the posterior portion of the right cavernous sinus and was regarded to be responsible for nerve compression. After surgical exposure by use of a transnasal-transsphenoidal approach under 3D navigation control, this balloon was deflated by puncture with a 22-gauge needle. The previously described symptoms resolved after balloon deflation. This report presents a rare complication of endovascular treatment of direct CCF and a new microsurgical approach to a balloon in a case of nerve compression.