Repeat liver resection after a hepatic or extended hepatic trisectionectomy for colorectal liver metastasis

Objective: A right and left hepatic trisectionectomy and an extended trisectionectomy are the largest liver resections performed for malignancy. This report analyses a series of 23 patients who had at least one repeat resection after a hepatic trisectionectomy for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM).Methods: A retrospective analysis of a single-centre prospective liver resection database from May 1996 to April 2009 was used for patient identification. Full notes, radiology and patient reviews were analysed for a variety of factors with respect to survival.Results: Twenty-three patients underwent up to 3 repeat hepatic resections after 20 right and 3 left hepatic trisectionectomies. In 18 patients the initial surgery was an extended trisectionectomy. Overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates after a repeat resection were 100%, 46% and 32%, respectively. No factors predictive for survival were identified.Conclusion: A repeat resection after a hepatic trisectionectomy for CRLM can offer extended survival and should be considered where appropriate.     

Live donor liver transplantation: staging hepatectomy in a Jehovah’s Witness recipient

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is usually associated with significant blood loss and frequently requires the usage of blood products. OLT has been offered sparingly in Jehovah’s Witness (JW) patients because of their refusal to accept blood products for religious reasons. Several innovations have made surgery safer in these patients. These include the pre-operative use of erythropoietin to increase red cell mass, the use of intraoperative cell salvage and acute normovolemic hemodilution, and judicious postoperative blood testing. Thoughtful perioperative decision-making and careful surgical techniques remain the cornerstone to a successful outcome. We report our experience in a two-stage hepatectomy done for a JW patient who underwent live donor liver transplant from his mother, also a JW, without blood transfusion. The recipient had an unusually enlarged left lateral segment of the liver which was densely adherent to the spleen. Removing these adhesions in the presence of significant portal hypertension would have resulted in considerable blood loss. This was successfully avoided by leaving this portion of the liver attached to the spleen while proceeding with the hepatectomy. The right lobe of the liver from the donor was then implanted uneventfully. Two weeks later the remaining segment of the recipient liver was removed without incident. The two-stage procedure was life-saving in this JW patient.     

Anomalous intrahepatic portal system in a patient with hilar bile duct cancer

We report a case of anomaly of the intrahepatic portal system in a 65-year-old man with hilar bile duct cancer. Preoperatively, percutaneous transhepatic portography demonstrated that there was a right posterior portal vein arising from the main portal vein. In addition, a large portal branch originated from the left portal vein and coursed toward the right hepatic lobe. Following portal embolization of the right posterior branch, the patient underwent an extended right hepatectomy with a caudate lobectomy. Intraoperatively, to the left at the porta hepatis and then it first gave off the right anterior portal vein originated from the left portal vein and coursed toward the right hepatic lobe horizontally behind the gallbladder and then separated into superior and inferior segmental branches to supply the right anterior segment of the liver. The ramification of some major branches without malposition of the gallbladder or round ligament was the important clinical feature of this anomaly.     

Double cancer — hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with a spindle-cell variant

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with a spindle-cell variant is very rare. We report here a surgical patient who had double cancer — hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and ICC with a spindle-cell variant. In this 70-year-old man, who had a history of hepatic resection for HCC about 2 years previously, two large discrete masses were identified in the right lobe of the liver. A right lobectomy of the liver was performed. Pathological findings revealed that one tumor was a typical HCC, and the other was ICC with sarcomatous lesions. Immunohistochemical examinations of the sarcomatous lesions in ICC demonstrated that some of the spindle cells were positive for keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and vimentin, but negative for S-100 protein, desmin, and actin. From these findings, we concluded that the sarcomatous lesions of ICC were not a true sarcoma, but sarcomatous transformation of cholangiocarcinoma cells, that is, a spindle-cell variant of ICC.     

Atypical Ormond's disease associated with bile duct stricture mimicking cholangiocarcinoma

A 55-year-old woman with suspected hilar cholangiocarcinoma presented with jaundice and dilated intrahepatic bile ducts owing to high-grade hepatic duct confluence stenosis. The suspected tumour and the entire extrahepatic bile duct system were resected and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed. Histological investigations showed perihepatic fibrosis but no signs of malignancy. One year later the patient developed bilateral hydronephrosis caused by ureteral obstruction. Since the patient had a gynaecological history of widespread inflammation, she was referred for transabdominal operative ureterolysis combined with hysterectomy and adnexectomy. Histological investigations as well as fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and computed tomography (CT) findings were compatible with retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond's disease). Treatment with tamoxifen was initiated. To the best of our knowledge, only a few cases of intraperitoneal fibroses mimicking cholangiocarcinoma followed by the typical symptoms of retroperitoneal Ormond's disease have been reported.     

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura induced by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a Jehovah's Witness

We report a case of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura occurring as an allergic response to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy (Bactrim, Septra) in a Jehovah's Witness patient. The patient presented with fulminant microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia within 48 hr of initiating therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Other symptoms of drug hypersensitivity included nausea, vomiting, urticarial rash, and leukopenia. Because of her religious faith, the patient was supported without plasma therapy with use of intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids, rituximab, and erythropoietin.     

Survival benefit of adequate lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing liver resection for clinically node-negative intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

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腹腔镜肝切除术与开腹肝切除术治疗肝内胆管细胞癌患者短期临床疗效研究

目的 研究腹腔镜肝切除术(LH)与开腹肝切除术(OH)治疗肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)患者的短期临床疗效。方法 2018年2月～2021年2月我院诊治的122例ICC患者,被随机分为对照组61例和观察组61例,分别接受OH或LH治疗,随访观察半年。采用ELISA法检测血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、皮质醇(Cor)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)。结果 LH组手术时长、术中失血量、肛门首次排气和术后住院日分别为(232.2±50.4)min、(592.3±164.7)ml、(2.1±0.8)d和(6.5±1.3)d,显著短于或少于0H组【分别为(321.1±69.7)min、(995.5±321.4)ml、(2.7±0.7)d和(8.2±1.7)d,P<0.0 5】;在术后3 d时,LH组血清CRP、Cor和IL-6水平分别为(25.1±4.0)mg/L、(529.6±75.4)mmol/L和(83.5±7.2)pg/ml,均显著低于0H组【分别为(39.8±5.1)mg/L、(654.7±78.1)mmol/L和(97.3±10.2)pg/ml,P<0.05】;在术后7 d时,LH组血...     

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct extending superficially from the intrahepatic to extrahepatic bile duct

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) or liver is a recently noted rare disease, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we present a case of IPNB with an interesting morphology, which was treated by resection of the right hemiliver and extrahepatic bile duct. A 79-year-old woman was found to have a high alkaline phosphatase level and slight dilatation of the right intrahepatic bile duct on imaging studies. The right intrahepatic bile duct became dilated over a 2-year period; however, no solid mass could be detected, and tumor markers were not elevated. Hepatic resection was scheduled because a mucin-producing bile duct carcinoma of the liver was suspected. A right hemihepatectomy was conducted, and the extrahepatic bile duct was also resected after malignant cells were found in the surgical stump of the right bile duct and in the bile itself. Macroscopically, diffuse dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was noted, but no solid component or mucin within the duct was found. Histopathological findings revealed carcinoma in situ, IPNB, in the majority of intrahepatic bile ducts, with no lymph node metastasis, and it extended continuously to the epithelium of the common bile duct. No tumor recurrence or biliary dilatation was observed at follow-up 2 years after surgery. It is important to consider malignancy in the presence of a dilated bile duct and in the absence of any cause of occlusion. Complete resection of IPNB results in a good prognosis and no recurrence.     

胆管细胞癌细胞CD147表达及其临床意义*

目的 探讨CD147在肝胆管结石并发胆管细胞癌（ICC）组织的表达及其临床意义。方法 收集肝胆管结石并发ICC标本30例、对应的癌旁肝组织标本30例和正常肝标本10例。采用qRT-PCR法检测组织CD147 mRNA水平,采用免疫组化法检测CD147蛋白的表达;采用Western-Blotting法检测基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）和9（MMP-9）蛋白的表达;采用肯德尔（Kendall）等级相关分析CD147 mRNA、CD147、MMP-2和MMP-9表达的相关性。结果 经qRT-PCR检测显示,肝胆管结石并发ICC组织CD147mRNA水平为（3.67±1.88）,显著高于癌旁组织【（1.52±0.57）,P<0.01】和正常肝组织【（1.05±0.32）,P<0.01】,癌旁组织高于正常肝组织（P<0.01）;>5 cm ICC组织CD147 mRNA相对水平（2.73±0.97）显著高于<5 cm肿瘤组织【（1.03±0.32）,P<0.01】,有淋巴转移（2.68±0.74）组织显著高于无转移组织【（1.07±0.44）,P<0.01】,肿瘤分化程度低组织（2.71±0.86）显著高于中高分化组织【（1.06±0.42）,P<0.01】;不同年龄和性别患者ICC组织CD147 mRNA水平无显著性差异（P>0.05);经免疫组化检测显示,肝胆管结石并发ICC组织CD147蛋白表达相对水平为（27.95±4.90）,显著高于癌旁组织【（13.34±9.59）,P<0.01】和正常肝组织【（2.18±0.66）,P<0.01】,而癌旁组织高于正常肝组织（P<0.01）;ICC组织MMP2表达量为（1.06±0.13）,显著高于癌旁组织【（0.20±0.03）,P<0.01】和正常肝组织【（0.15±0.02）,P<0.01】,而癌旁组织MMP2表达量显著高于正常肝组织（P<0.01）;肝胆管结石并发ICC组织MMP9表达量为（0.93±0.12）,显著高于癌旁组织【（0.17±0.03）,P<0.01】和正常肝组织【（0.15±0.03）,P<0.01】,而癌旁组织MMP9表达量显著高于正常肝组织（P<0.01）;在ICC组织中,CD147mRNA水平与MMP2蛋白表达呈正相关（r=0.457,P<0.05）;CD147mRNA水平与MMP9蛋白表达也呈正相关（r=0.428,P<0.05）;CD147蛋白与MMP2蛋白表达呈正相关（r=0.543,P<0.05）,CD147蛋白与MMP9蛋白表达也呈正相关（r=0.517,P=0.05）。结论 CD147 mRNA、CD147、MMP2、MMP9均在肝胆管结石并发ICC组织中表达增强,CD147的表达可能促进了MMP2和MMP9的表达上调,它们可能共同参与了胆管癌的发生和发展过程。     

Double primary liver cancer (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma) in a patient with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis

We herein report a rare case of double primary liver cancer, consisting of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A 67-year-old Japanese man with hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis was diagnosed with multiple HCC in S7 and S8 of the liver. We performed a hepatic resection of S7 and S8. The liver tumors in S7 and S8 were pathologically diagnosed as HCC and ICC, respectively. Multiple recurrence of the HCC found 7 years after the surgery was successfully treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Subsequently, this patient has been doing well, without HCC recurrence. Double primary liver cancer is very rare, and only 21 resected cases have been reported, including that in our patient. We reviewed at all cases in the Japanese- and English-language literature to investigate the clinicopathological features. Our literature review revealed that the present patient is the longest survivor among patients who have undergone hepatectomy for double primary liver cancer.     

左肝蒂阻断行左半肝微创手术治疗肝内胆管结石疗效研究

目的 探讨左肝蒂阻断行左半肝微创手术治疗肝内胆管结石患者的疗效。方法 2012年1月~2016年12月收治的肝内胆管结石患者73例,采用左肝蒂阻断行腔镜下左肝外叶切除术治疗40例,采用传统开腹手术行左肝外叶切除治疗33例,比较两组疗效情况。结果 腔镜组和开腹组手术时间分别为（274.0±57.4） min和 （216.0±33.8） min,术后疼痛缓解时间分别为（3.3±1.2） d和（5.2±1.5） d,术后排气时间分别为（22.9±7.5） h和（47.3±11.7） h,术后住院时间分别为（11.8±2.2）d和（16.3±3.1）d,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者手术出血量、并发症和住院总费用比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后,两组肝功能指标变化无显著相差（P>0.05）。结论 左肝蒂阻断行左半肝微创手术治疗肝内胆管结石患者与常规手术治疗比,具有安全可靠、创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快、住院时间短等优点。     

腹腔镜与开腹肝切除术治疗肝内胆管细胞癌患者疗效与安全性研究

目的 比较腹腔镜肝切除术(LLR)与开腹肝切除术(OLR)治疗肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)患者的疗效与安全性。方法 2015年1月～2018年6月我院诊治的ICC患者74例,其中32例接受LLR手术,另42例接受OLR手术。随访3年。结果 两组年龄、性别、腹部手术史、血清CA19-9和CEA水平、神经侵犯、微血管侵犯、肿瘤低分化、肿瘤直径和淋巴结肿大等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LLR组术中失血量、手术切口长度、肝门阻断、术后住院日、输血和胃肠道功能恢复时间分别为325(250,475)ml、5(3.5,6.5)cm、9例(28.1%)、7(5,12)d、2例(6.2%)和2(2,4)d,与OLR组【分别为500(375,750)ml、20.5(17.0,25.0)cm、31例(73.8%)、10(7,15)d、7例(16.7%)和4(3,6)d】比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组1 a生存率(81.2%对76.2%)和3 a生存率(46.8%对33.3%)无显著性差异(P>0.05);术后,两组均未发生严重并发症。结论 在当前情况下,采取OLR或LLR...     

Hepatectomy for cholangiocarcinoma complicated with right umbilical portion: anomalous configuration of the intrahepatic biliary tree

The right umbilical portion (right‐sided round ligament) has been discussed as an intrahepatic portal venous anomaly associated with “left‐sided gallbladder” in several reports. We treated two patients with right umbilical portion (RUP) associated with cholangiocarcinoma. Left hepatectomies were performed, preserving the residual hepatic blood flow and biliary continuity. From our experience in these patients we propose the presence of anomalous configuration of the intrahepatic biliary tree in RUP, because both patients showed medial segmental bile ducts ramified from the right and left hepatic ducts. In general, although the medial segmental bile duct ramified from the left, we surmised that this abnormal bilateral drainage pattern may not be a rare phenomenon in RUP. Special attention may be required to focus on the anatomy of the portal tributaries and biliary ramifications in RUP.     

Liver transplantation in patients with incidental hepatocellular carcinoma/cholangiocarcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma:a single-center experience

BACKGROUND: Reports of liver transplantation (LT) in pa-tients with mixed hepatocellular carcinoma/cholangiocarci-noma (HCC/CC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are modest and have been mostly retrospective after patho-logical categorization in the setting of presumed HCC. Some studies suggest that patients undergoing LT with small and unifocal ICC or mixed HCC/CC can achieve about 40%-60%5-year post-transplant survival. The study aimed to report our experience in patients undergoing LT with explant pathology revealing HCC/CC and ICC.METHODS: From a prospectively maintained database, we performed cohort analysis. We identified 13 patients who un-derwent LT with explant pathology revealing HCC/CC or ICC. RESULTS: The observed recurrence rate post-LT was 31%(4/13) and overall survival was 85%, 51%, and 51% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Disease-free survival was 68%, 51%, and 41% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. In our cohort, four pa-tients would have qualified for exception points based on up-dated HCC Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network imaging guidelines.CONCLUSIONS: Lesions which lack complete imaging char-acteristics of HCC may warrant pre-LT biopsy to fully eluci-date their pathology. Identified patients with early HCC/CC or ICC may benefit from LT if unresectable. Additionally, incor-porating adjunctive perioperative therapies such as in the case of patients undergoing LT with hilar cholangiocarcinoma may improve outcomes but this warrants further investigation.     

Living-donor liver transplantation for Caroli's disease with intrahepatic adenocarcinoma

A 36-year-old woman who had Caroli's disease with refractory cholangitis and complicated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was successfully treated with living-donor liver transplantation. Preoperative computed tomography and ultrasonography showed a small nodule in the dilated intrahepatic bile duct. In the resected liver specimen, a small papillary tumor was located in the dilated intrahepatic bile duct of the right lobe. The pathological finding revealed a well differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma without invasion to the parenchyma. The patient is currently doing well 2.5 years after transplantation, with no signs of recurrence of the disease. For Caroli's disease, we believe we can achieve good results with liver transplantation, not only for cholangitis but also for the carcinoma when it is localized in the liver and the patient is carefully followed up.