睾丸肿瘤的高频超声诊断

目的总结睾丸肿瘤的高频声像图特征，探讨高频超声在睾丸肿瘤诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的37例睾丸肿瘤的高频超声及彩色多普勒血流声像图。结果36例被诊断为睾丸肿瘤，敏感度为97％。本组睾丸肿瘤具有共同声像特征：睾丸肿大，睾丸纵隔声像扭曲或消失，有占位病灶。睾丸精原细胞瘤、畸胎瘤、睾丸囊肿和表皮样囊肿具有较为特征性的声像图。彩色多普勒超声显示睾丸恶性肿瘤内部及周边血流信号丰富，杂乱，动脉血流频谱PSV5．1～19cm／s，RI0.42～0．82；睾丸良性肿瘤内部无或稀少的血流信号。结论高频超声诊断睾丸肿瘤敏感性高，其声像图较具特征，高频超声结合彩色多普勒血流对鉴别睾丸肿瘤的良、恶性，具有较高的临床价值。     

高频超声诊断毛囊皮脂腺囊肿的临床价值

目的探讨高频超声诊断皮脂腺囊肿的临床价值.方法应用高频超声回顾分析经手术及病理证实的30例皮脂腺囊肿的二维及彩色多普勒血流显像.结果归纳出了皮脂腺囊肿的超声图像特征,结节位于皮下组织内,类椭圆形呈低回声或细点状稍高回声结节,边界清楚,包膜完整,结节周边及内部没有任何血流信号.结论皮脂腺囊肿有较典型的声像图改变,高频超声结合血流显像诊断符合率高,为皮脂腺囊肿提供了可靠的诊断依据.     

彩色多普勒高频超声对胭窝滑膜囊肿的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒高频超声对胭窝滑膜囊肿诊断的声像图特征及临床指导意义。方法分析总结2009年11月-2012年12月经彩色多普勒高频超声诊断为胭窝滑膜囊肿的71例患者的声像图,并对全部患者进行随访。结果71例胴窝滑膜囊肿患者中,经手术及病理证实69例,彩色多普勒高频超声诊断胭窝滑膜囊肿确诊率97．2％,囊肿因较小经抗炎治疗明显缩小、消失2例,未行手术治疗。结论彩色多普勒高频超声对胭窝囊肿的诊断、分型、鉴别诊断有重要价值,能为临床治疗提供可靠信息,并可作为术前超声及术后随访的首选检查方法。     

高频超声在膝部囊肿诊断中的应用

目的探讨高频超声在膝部囊肿诊断中的临床应用。方法回顾性分析膝部囊肿声像图资料,并与手术结果进行对照分析。结果高频超声诊断膝部囊肿符合率为96.5%(22/23),其中窝囊肿符合率94.7%(18/19),腱鞘囊肿符合率100%(4/4)。结论高频超声诊断膝部囊种具有较高的临床应用价值。     

高频超声对体表良性肿块的诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨高频超声在体表良性肿块诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析85N体表良性肿块的超声表现,总结其声像图特征,所有病例均经手术病理证实。结果85例中脂肪瘤46例,皮脂腺囊肿27例,血管瘤19例,纤维瘤8例,腱鞘滑液囊肿5例,神经鞘膜瘤3例,皮肤痣、脂肪坏死、脂膜炙、异物肉芽肿、钙化上皮瘤各1例、每种疾病有各自的声像图特征。结论高频超声在常见体表良性肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断中中具有重要的临床应用价值。     

子宫圆韧带囊肿的超声诊断

目的 了解超声检查在子宫圆韧带囊肿诊断中的应用价值。方法 本文对1组7例子宫圆韧带囊肿患者的临床与超声表现作了回顾性分析。结果 7例均在手术前由超声检出腹股沟区囊性包块，其中2例合并有腹股沟斜疝未被超声检出。子宫圆韧带囊肿的诊断要点有：①超声图像所显示的囊性包块的走行、与周邻结构的关系符合子宫圆韧带的解剖位置；②改变体位时包块触诊可以变小，但不消失，超声图像上包块的大小、形态也不会因体位改变而有明显变化。结论 结合子宫圆韧带囊肿的临床表现，超声可对该病做出明确的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

乳腺囊肿的超声诊断价值

目的 探讨高频超声对乳腺囊肿的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析应用高频超声,探头频率采用7～10 MHz或13～20 MHz,对75例乳腺囊肿位置、形态、大小、边界、内部回声特征进行观察,先常规用二维超声检查,然后用高频超声扫查,两组检查后再用CDF1超声显像技术观察囊肿内外血供情况,同时进行低频与高频超声检查结果对照,分析超声诊断价值.结果 全部病例均经手术病理检查所证实,低频超声检出率66.7%(50/75)高频超声检出率97.3%(73/75),其中单纯性乳腺囊肿58例,占77.3%(58/75)、乳汁潴留性囊肿10例,占13.3%(10/75)、非典型性乳腺囊肿5例,占6.7%(5/75),漏诊2例,占2.7%(2/75).结论 乳腺囊肿具有声像图特征,高频超声检查方法简便、迅速、安全,对识别囊肿与鉴别诊断具有重要临床应用价值.     

高频超声诊断甲状腺癌

目的 探讨甲状腺癌的高频超声声像图特征及诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术或穿刺活检病理证实的32例甲状腺癌患者的声像图表现.结果 根据声像图甲状腺结节的边界、内部回声、微钙化、血流信号特征及颈部淋巴结对甲状腺癌进行诊断,超声诊断符合率为87.5％ (28/32),4例误诊为甲状腺囊腺瘤.结论 甲状腺癌的超声表现具有一定的特征性,高频超声对甲状腺癌具有重要的诊断价值.     

高频超声对腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症的诊断价值

目的探讨高频超声对腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症的诊断价值。方法对25例临床怀疑为腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症患者(剖宫产术后24例,附件巧克力囊肿切除术后1例)进行高频超声检查,并分析其声像图特征。结果 25例患者均经手术或穿刺活检病理证实为腹壁子宫内膜异位症。声像图表现为腹壁切口处探及边界不清、形态不规则、内部不均匀的低回声,彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)示21例包块周边见点状、条索状血流信号而内部无明显血流信号,2例包块周边见半环状血流信号而内部见少许星点状血流信号,2例包块内部及周边均未见明显血流信号;脉冲多普勒(PW)表现为低速高阻动脉频谱:峰速流值5.4～19.2 cm/s,阻力指数0.71～0.85。结论结合临床资料,高频超声诊断腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症准确率高,具有很重要的临床应用价值。     

小儿急性阑尾炎的高频及彩色多普勒超声诊断和分型

目的 分析不同病理分型小儿急性阑尾炎的高频声像图和彩色多普勒血流特征并评价其诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析102例经手术病理或临床证实的急性阑尾炎患儿应用高频彩色多普勒超声诊断。结果 小儿急性阑尾炎超声诊断符合率97．06％，各型阑尾炎诊断符合率相似。声像图特征：单纯性及化脓性阑尾炎显示不同程度阑尾增粗，壁增厚，黏膜回声中断、毛糙或缺失；坏疽性阑尾炎阑尾结构紊乱，壁层次不清或中断；各型阑尾炎阑尾血流分别呈丰富、中等、稀疏、消失四级。结论 高频彩色多普勒超声诊断不同分型小儿急性阑尾炎有较高实用价值，诊断应以高频声像图为基础，结合彩色多普勒血流丰富程度分析。     

Mullerian cyst of the uterus misdiagnosed as ovarian cyst on pelvic sonography

Mullerian cyst of the uterus, also known as endosalpingiosis, is rare and often can be misdiagnosed as adnexal cyst on pelvic sonography. A 47‐year‐old woman was referred for an incidental finding of a right adnexal mass on pelvic sonography, suspected to be an ovarian cyst. During laparoscopy, a pedunculated cystic mass arising from the right anterior uterine wall was seen. The mass was resected laparoscopically and histologic examination showed a benign Mullerian cyst of the uterus. Diagnosis of Mullerian cyst of the uterus can be challenging. However, with increased awareness, preoperative diagnosis of this condition should be possible sonographically. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42 :183–184, 2014     

Sonographic evaluation of a leiomyoma of the broad ligament of the uterus.

Leiomyomas of the uterus generally have a characteristic ultrasound appearance. We present a case of leiomyoma of the broad ligament of the uterus. A 46-year-old woman who had previously undergone a hysterectomy had a pelvic mass with a whorled appearance and acoustic shadowing suggestive of a leiomyoma on sonography. Based on the sonographic appearance, a preoperative diagnosis of a leiomyoma was made despite the unusual location. Histologic examination of the excised mass revealed leiomyoma originating from the broad ligament.     

Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of round ligament varicosities during pregnancy

Round ligament varicosities during pregnancy are an important differential diagnosis of complicated inguinal hernias and have been reported only rarely. Diagnosis is reassuring and may prevent unnecessary surgical exploration. We describe a case of round ligament varicosities presenting during pregnancy that was readily diagnosed with Doppler sonography.     

Paraovarian cyst: MR imaging features

BACKGROUND: Paraovarian cysts are common intrapelvic neoplasms, but the magnetic resonance (MR) findings of paraovarian cyst have never been reported. We investigated the spectrum of MR imaging features of paraovarian cyst. METHODS: MR images of 18 paraovarian cysts in 16 patients were reviewed retrospectively. MR images were evaluated for the size and location of paraovarian cysts, single or multicystic, signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images, and visualization of the normal ovary on the affected side. RESULTS: The normal ovary of the affected side was recognized in 13 lesions. Four of these 13 cysts were separated from the ipsilateral ovary. In seven cysts, the normal ovary was abutted by cysts but maintained its shape. In two cysts, the beak sign was recognized at the interface between the cyst and the ovary. Most other MR features were nonspecific. CONCLUSION: Most paraovarian cysts were homogeneous cystic masses near the ipsilateral round ligament and the uterus. Demonstration of a normal ipsilateral ovary close to, but separated from, the adnexal cyst may be an important MR finding for the diagnosis of paraovarian cysts.     

子宫肌层囊性病变的超声图像及病理类型分析

目的 探讨子宫肌层囊性病变的超声图像及病理类型。方法 经腹部或阴道超声检查后行全子宫切除22例，送病理检查。结果 22例超声图像上表现为低回声区、液性暗区，或在中低回声或回声紊乱区内的液性暗区。病理类型包括子宫肌瘤变性、内膜样囊肿、纳氏囊肿、中肾管瘤样增生、中肾管囊肿、副中肾管囊肿、血管瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、植人性胎盘。结论 子宫肌层的囊性病变较少见，但病理类型较多，易误诊，应结合病史尽量作出正确的超声诊断。     

经直肠超声在前列腺囊肿诊断中的价值

目的探讨经直肠超声前列腺检查对前列腺囊肿的早期诊断价值。方法全部病例均行经腹超声(TAS)及经直肠超声(TRUS)对比检查。结果110例前列腺疾患者,TAS检出7例(6%)前列腺囊肿,TRUS检出24例(22%)前列腺囊肿,两种方法的检出率及不同年龄组的患病率有明显差异。结论TRUS对前列腺囊肿的探测敏感性高于TAS,而且可进一步帮助定性诊断,是诊断前列腺囊肿的理想方法。     

Bilateral round ligament varicosities mimicking an inguinal hernia in pregnancy: case report

A 22-year-old pregnant woman presented with a painful swelling in the right groin. Sonography was performed to confirm a presumptive diagnosis of inguinal hernia based on physical examination. Gray-scale sonography examination revealed bilateral inguinal cystic lesion expanding with the Valsalva maneuver. Color Doppler imaging demonstrated multiple prominent vessels with retrograde venous flow during Valsalva maneuver. Bilateral round ligament varicosities were diagnosed and inguinal hernia was excluded by sonographic findings. Round ligament varicosities should be considered in the differential diagnosis of groin swelling during pregnancy.     

Cysts of the canal of Nuck: A rare sonographic diagnosis

The canal of Nuck is a remnant of a peritoneal evagination associated with the round ligament in women. Rarely, the canal of Nuck can remain patent allowing for development of cysts. These cysts are difficult to diagnose due to their rare incidence and because they are often mistaken for other causes of inguinal pain in women. This case series of three women presenting with groin or labial masses highlights the role of sonography as the primary imaging modality in the diagnosis of canal of Nuck cysts. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45 :175–178, 2017     

腹腔镜诊治妇科急腹症的临床探讨

目的:探讨腹腔镜在妇科急腹症诊治中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析应用腹腔镜诊断和治疗666例妇科急腹症的临床资料。结果:362例输卵管妊娠、111例黄体破裂、56例急性盆腔炎、76例卵巢囊肿蒂扭转、53例巧克力囊肿破裂、5例子宫穿孔、3例出血性输卵管炎,662例成功进行腹腔镜手术治疗,中转开腹4例。结论:应用腹腔镜诊断、治疗妇科急腹症是一种安全、有效、实用、微创的方法。     

Sonography of various cystic masses of the female groin.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this presentation is to review the pathologic spectrum of cystic masses that may involve the female groin region, with a correlation of the lesions with their sonographic appearance. METHODS: We reviewed the sonographic findings of palpable groin masses showing a cystic pattern in female patients. The groin region is best depicted with a high-frequency (7.5- to 12-MHz) linear array transducer. Color Doppler sonography and an extended field of view are helpful in the differential diagnosis of variable groin masses. RESULTS: There are various cystic masses involving the female groin, such as round ligament cysts, varicosities of the round ligament, inguinal herniation of the ovary, cystic lymphangiomas, epidermal inclusion cysts, abscesses, and pseudoaneurysms. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography with color Doppler imaging is helpful for the differential diagnosis of the pathologic spectrum of cystic masses involving the female groin.