非小细胞肺癌中P—gp,p53,bcl—2蛋白表达及其相关性研究

目的 研究非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）中ｐ５３、ｂｃｌ－２蛋白以及耐多药基因ＭＤＲ１产物Ｐ－糖蛋白（Ｐ－ｇｐ）的表达及相互关系,探讨它们在ＮＳＣＬＣ发展、预后及耐药中的作用。方法 采用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法,对６０例ＮＳＣＬＣ及其癌旁正常肺组织中ｐ５３、ｂｃｌ－２蛋白和Ｐ－ｇｐ进行检测。结果 ｐ５３、ｂｃｌ－２蛋白及Ｐｇｐ在ＮＳＣＬＣ中表达明显高于癌旁正常组织（Ｐ〈０．０１）。两者都与患者预后显著负相关（     

结肠良,恶性病变中细胞凋亡及其与bcl—2,bax,PCNA蛋白表达？…

目的：了解结肠良、恶性变中细胞凋亡与增殖,及其与相关基因蛋白的表达及其生物学意义。方法应用免疫组织化学Ｓ－Ｐ法检测１４８例结肠良、恶性病变标本中ｂｃｌ－２、ｂａｘ和ＰＣＮＡ蛋白的表达,并对其中７５例标本进行凋亡指数（ＡＩ）和有丝分裂指数（ＭＩ）测定。结果ＰＣＮＡ与ＡＩ和ＭＩ密切相关（Ｐ〈０．０１）;而ｂｃｌ－２和ｂａｘ仅与ＡＩ有关（Ｐ〈０．０１）;ｂｃｌ－２和ＰＣＮＡ蛋白在结肠腺癌和腺瘤中表达率显     

大肠肿瘤中bcl—2及PCNA表达及其意义

目的：研究ｂｃｌ－２及ＰＣＮＡ在大肠肿瘤肆生中的作用及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法分别检测大肠正常粘膜、腺瘤及腺癌中ｂｃ；－２及ＰＣＮＡ表达。结果：Ｂｃｌ－２在正常粘膜基底部上皮细胞表达，在腺瘤（７７．５％）和腺癌中（５６．３％）ｂｃｌ－２表达差异显（Ｐ〈０．０５）。高分化腺癌ｂｃｌ－２表达率（６８．４％）显高于差分化腺癌（４１．７％），ＰＣＮＡ表达在正常粘膜，腺瘤及腺癌中依次递增，     

肺癌中凋亡抑制基因bcl—2蛋白产物表达的研究

应用即用型ＳＡＢＣ免疫组化方法观察凋亡抑制基因ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在６３例肺癌组织中的表达情况以探讨该基因与肺癌发生、发展的关系。结果表明，ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在肺癌有较高表达（５０．８％）；在鳞癌和腺癌中ｂｃｌ－２蛋白和阳性率随着分化程度的降低而下降，高分化与低分化鳞癌、腺癌间ｂｃｌ－２阳性率的差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）；ｂｃｌ－２阳性率的差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）；ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达与肿瘤临床病理分期     

鼻咽癌组织中bcl—2蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原的表达及意义

应用免疫组化ＳＰ法研究４１例鼻咽癌组织中ｂｃｌ－２蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）的表达及意义。结果显示ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在鼻咽癌中出现异常高表达（阳性率为８２．９％），ｂｃｌ－２表达与组织学分级及颈淋巴结转移无显著性关系（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＰＣＮＡ表达随肿瘤分级升高而增高，且与淋巴结转移有关。结果表明ｂｃｌ－２基因对鼻咽上皮的良恶性诊断具有重要的参考价值，ＰＣＮＡ可作为鼻咽癌恶性程度及预后判定的指标之一，同时发现ｂｃｌ－２蛋白与ＰＣＮＡ表达间无相关。     

Bcl-2反义寡核苷酸诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的研究

目的　探讨反义寡核苷酸（ＡＳＯＤＮ） 对ｂｃｌ２ 基因的表达调控及诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的作用。方法　应用ＭＴＴ方法比较两条人工合成的ＡＳＯＤＮ 直接作用及其以脂质体（ＤＯＴＡＰ） 为载体对胃癌细胞的抑制效果。应用流式细胞术和ＲＴＰＣＲ 方法检测ＡＳＯＤＮ 对ｂｃｌ２ 蛋白和ｍＲＮＡ 表达量的调控。应用相差显微镜、电子显微镜、流式细胞术等方法,观察ｂｃｌ２ ＡＳＯＤＮ 诱导ＢＧＣ８２３ 胃癌细胞凋亡的效果。结果　ＭＴＴ实验显示两条ＡＳＯＤＮ 抑制胃癌细胞增殖的作用呈浓度和时间依赖性,且靶位点于ｍＲＮＡ蛋白编码区（ＡＳＯＤＮ２） 和以ＤＯＴＡＰ 为载体的ＡＳＯＤＮ 对胃癌细胞的增殖抑制效果为佳。ＡＳＯＤＮ作用于胃癌细胞,降低ｂｃｌ２ 蛋白和ｍＲＮＡ 表达。ｂｃｌ２ ＡＳＯＤＮ处理胃癌细胞,观察到肿瘤细胞缩小、凋亡小体出现、染色质浓缩、凋亡峰等凋亡特征性改变。结论　ｂｃｌ２ ＡＳＯＤＮ可降低ｂｃｌ２ ｍＲＮＡ和蛋白表达,诱导胃癌细胞凋亡     

肺癌组织中bcl—2的表达及其与细胞凋亡和增殖的关系

探讨凋亡相关基因ｂｃｌ－２在肺癌中的表达及其与细胞凋亡和增殖的关系。方法对３８例肺癌组织及２１例肺部良性组织,应用原位杂交技术检测了ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ表达情况;应用ＴＵＮＥＬ技术对细胞凋亡情况进行了检测;应用免疫组织化学法对增殖核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）等进行检测。并分别定义凋亡指数和增殖指数。结果肺癌组织ｂｃｌ－２基因及ＰＣＮＡ的表达明显高于肺癌良组织,Ｐ〈０．０１,肺癌组织中中凋亡指数和增殖指数（３．     

骨肉瘤细胞凋亡与p53和bcl-2表达的关系

目的：探讨骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的和５３、ｂｃｌ－２表达及细胞增殖的相关性,及其对患者预后的影响。方法：在８０例骨肉瘤标本中,用ＤＮＡ末端标记方法检测细胞凋亡,免疫组化检测Ｐ５３、ｂｃｌ－２和增殖细胞核怕的表达。结果：８０例骨肉瘤中凋亡指数范围为０．６３￣１８．８％,Ｐ５３和ｂｃｌ－２蛋白检出率分别为３７．５％和６０％,ＰＣＮＡ指数范围为１２￣９６％。统计学分析表明,细胞凋亡与Ｐ５３、ＰＣＮＡ表达呈正相关     

鼻咽癌组织中bcl—2及EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白表达与放射诱发细胞？…

目的：探讨鼻咽癌（ＮＰＣ）组织ｂｃｌ－２及ＥＢ病毒潜伏膜蛋白（ＬＭＰ）表达与放射诱发细胞凋亡的关系。方法采用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法及ＴｄＴ酶介导的生物素化ｄＵＴＰ缺口要端标记技术（ＴＵＮＥＬ法）,分别检测３５例ＮＰＣ组中ｂｃｌ－２及ＥＢ病毒ＬＭＰ的表达,以及放疗总量为１０Ｇｙ时ＮＰＣ组织的细胞凋亡率（ＡＲ）。结果ＮＰＣ组织ｂｃｌ－２及ＬＭＰ的表达率分别为７１．４％（２５／３５）、４５．７％（１６／３５）     

bcl—2,53,cathepsin D,PSA表达与乳腺癌预后的关系

目的：探讨ｂｃｌ－２、ｐ５３、Ｃａｔｈｅｐｓｉｎ Ｄ（ＣＤ）和有列朱特异笥抗原（ＰＳＡ）表达与乳腺癌预后的关系。方法：应用免疫组化ＬＳＡＢ方法检测６４例乳腺癌及３０例乳腺良性为的表达。分析ｂｃｌ－２、ｐ５３、ＣＤ和ＰＳ七乳腺癌组织学分级、腋地转移、复发和承后的关系。结果：ｂｃｌ－２、ｐ５３表达之间有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）,呈负相关;ｂｃｌ－２与ＣＤ和ＰＳＡ之间表达之间均无关（Ｐ〉０．０５）,ｂ     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.