晶状体囊袋张力环植入对高度近视白内障术后后发性白内障发生的影响

目的 评价晶状体囊袋张力环在高度近视白内障联合低度数人工晶状体植入术中的应用价值.方法 将827例(1081眼)高度近视白内障患者随机分为A、B 2组,A组427例(549眼),B组400例(532眼),其中A组患者行超声乳化白内障吸出术及后房型人工晶状体和囊袋张力环植入术,B组患者行超声乳化白内障吸出术及后房型人工晶状体植入术.所有患眼术后均随访18个月,比较术后2组视力、眼压及后发性白内障的发生情况.结果 所有植入的人工晶状体均位于正住,A组患者术后3个月矫正视力>0.8者43眼,0.6～0.8者118眼,O.5者89眼,0.4者101眼,0.3者66眼,0.2者80眼,<0.2者52眼;术后第1天眼压为3～47 mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),一过性高眼压179眼,其中有一眼因术后高眼压药物无法控制而不得不取出囊袋张力环;随访18个月中有5眼因发生后发性白内障而行激光治疗.B组患者术后3个月矫正视力>0.8者40眼,O.6～O.8者110眼,O.5者83眼,0.4者95眼,0.3者69眼,0.2者83眼,<0.2者52眼;随访18个月中有35眼因发生后发性白内障而行激光治疗.2组患者视力比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);后发性白内障发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 囊袋张力环应用于高度近视白内障患者有一定的优势,并能降低术后后发性白内障的发生率,其长期疗效还需进一步观察.     

晶状体囊袋张力环植入在高度近视眼白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入术中的应用价值

目的评价晶状体囊袋张力环（CTR）植入在高度近视眼白内障超声乳化吸除联合低度数人工晶状体手术中的应用价值。方法将827例（1081只眼）高度近视眼白内障患者随机分为A、B两组,A组427例（549只眼）,B组400例（532只眼）,其中A组患者行白内障超声乳化吸出术及后房型人工晶状体和CTR植入,B组患者仅行白内障超声乳化吸出术及后房型人工晶状体植入,所有患眼术后均随访18个月,测视力、眼压,散大瞳孔进行眼前节裂隙灯观察照像。结果所有植入的人工晶状体均位于正位,A组术后3个月矫正视力〉0.8者43只眼,0.6～0.8者118只眼,0.5者89只眼,0.4者101只眼,0.3者66只眼,0.2者80只眼,〈0.2者52只眼;术后第1天眼压为3～47mmHg,一过性高眼压179只眼,其中有1只眼因术后高眼压无法药物控制而取出CTR;随访18个月中有2只眼发生视网膜脱离。B组术后3个月矫正视力〉0.8者40只眼,0.6～0.8者110只眼,0.5者83只眼,0.4者95只眼,0.3者69只眼,0.2者83只眼,〈0.2者52只眼;随访18个月中有9只眼发生视网膜脱离。两组的视网膜脱离发生率比较差异均统计学意义。结论 CTR在高度近视眼白内障超声乳化吸除联合低度数人工晶状体手术中的应用能防止晶状体悬韧带离断,使人工晶状体居中性更佳,并能有效防止视网膜脱离的发生。     

囊袋张力环在高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术中的应用

目的:评价晶状体囊袋张力环在高度近视白内障联合低度数人工晶状体手术中的应用价值。方法:对427例549眼高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化白内障吸出术及后房型人工晶状体和囊袋张力环植入,术后随访3～18mo,测视力、眼压、散大瞳孔进行眼前节裂隙灯观察照像。结果:所有植入的人工晶状体均位于正位,术后3mo矫正视力>0.8者43眼,0.6～0.8者118眼,0.5者89眼,0.4者101眼,0.3者66眼,0.2者80眼,<0.2者52眼;术后1d眼压为3～47mmHg,一过性高眼压179眼,其中有1例患眼因术后高眼压无法药物控制而不得不取出CTR;随访18mo中有2例患眼发生视网膜脱离、5例患眼因发生后发性白内障而行激光治疗。结论:晶状体囊袋张力环在高度近视白内障联合低度数人工晶状体手术中的应用能防止晶状体悬韧带离断,使人工晶状体居中性更佳,并进而能有效防止后发性白内障和视网膜脱离的发生。     

高度近视眼白内障术中Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除术

目的 探讨I期后囊膜连续环形撕除术(Posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis,PCCC)对高度近视眼白内障术后后发障的预防作用.方法 对203例(211只眼)高度近视眼白内障行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术,其中70只眼术中行连续环形撕除后囊(A组),植入普通聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)人工晶状体;非PCCC组138只眼进一步分为普通PMMA人工晶状体组(B组)73只眼,光学部边缘直角设计的折叠人工晶状体组(C组)68只眼.B组和C组单纯行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术,保留完整后囊膜.所有患眼术后随访2年以上,观察术后后发障、视网膜脱离等并发症情况. 结果 A组2只眼(2.86%)发生了后发障,B组为18只眼(24.66%),C组8只眼(11.76%),两两对比差异显著具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);A组和C组无视网膜脱离发生,B组仅1只眼发生视网膜脱离. 结论 I期后囊膜连续环形撕除术安全有效,明显减少了高度近视眼白内障术后后发障的发生.     

高度近视透明晶状体乳化吸出人工晶状体植入

目的 观察高度近视透明晶状体及合并白内障超声乳化吸出后房型硬性人工晶状体植入的效果。方法 42例(58眼)。透明晶状体12例(22眼)，合并白内障30例(36眼)。均行晶状体超声乳化吸出，5．5mm自闭式巩膜隧道切口植入PMMA硬性人工晶状体，随访3月～1年，观察术后视力及并发症。结果 透明晶状体组：术后1周及3月～1年，视力≥0．3者分别为100％、95．5％；白内障组视力≥0．3者分别为66．7％，72．2％。并发症：透明晶状体组无特殊并发症；白内障组，1眼后囊破裂，2眼角膜中度水肿，6眼后发障(1眼激光治疗)。结论 高度近视晶状体超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入安全有效。     

超高度轴性近视白内障的晶状体超声乳化吸出术

目的观察超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术治疗超高度轴性近视白内障的效果。方法对105例（105眼）超高度近视白内障行品状体超声乳化吸出术，植入低度数人工品状体，随访3月。结果术中无并发症发生。术后8眼晶状体后囊轻度浑浊，无视网膜脱离者。结论超声乳化白内障吸出术对于超高度轴性近视白内障是一种较好的手术方式，尤其同时植入负、低度数后房型人工晶状体既可为增加眼内组织的稳定性。防止发生视网膜脱离，又可同时进行屈光矫正。     

晶状体半脱位白内障超声乳化术中植入囊袋张力环的临床观察

目的：探讨晶状体半脱位白内障超声乳化术中植入囊袋张力环的疗效.方法：对15例（15眼）晶状体半脱位白内障患者行超声乳化吸出术＋囊袋张力环＋后房型人工晶状体植入术.结果：15例（15眼）晶状体半脱位白内障患者,均顺利植入了囊袋张力环及后房型人工晶状体.术后患者视力均得以提高,人工晶状体位正,后囊膜平整,无皱缩,混浊,无明显手术并发症.结论：在晶状体半脱位白内障患者中植入囊袋张力环可提高手术的安全性,防止术后人工晶状体偏位,降低了后发性白内障的发生率.     

儿童白内障不同术式的临床观察

目的探讨儿童白内障的最佳手术方式.方法对136例(204眼)儿童白内障实施经上方巩膜隧道切口的超声乳化白内障吸出及后房型人工晶状体植入术.根据对后囊不同的处理方法,分为三组:Ⅰ组行后囊抛光,保留完整的后囊;Ⅱ组行后囊环行撕囊;Ⅲ组行后囊环行撕囊联合前部玻璃体切除术.术后随访12～24个月,平均20个月.观察各组术后矫正视力、后发性白内障发生情况及其它并发症.结果三组白内障术后后发障的发生率分别为Ⅰ组66.00%;Ⅱ组31.58%;Ⅲ组1.28%.术后矫正视力≥0.5者Ⅰ组10眼,占20.83%;Ⅱ组48眼,占66.67%;Ⅲ组64眼占80.05%.无黄斑水肿、视网膜脱离等并发症的发生.结论儿童白内障吸出后房型人工晶状体植入术中,行后囊连续环行撕囊联合前部玻璃体切除术可有效预防儿童白内障术后后发性白内障的发生.     

Bigbag人工晶状体在高度近视眼白内障手术的临床应用

目的探讨Bigbag人工晶状体在高度近视合并白内障手术的临床应用效果。方法回顾分析2010年1月至2012年12月,患高度近视合并白内障在我院行白内障超声乳化术及Bigbag人工晶状体植入26例(38只眼),观察术后1～6个月术眼的视力、眼压、眼轴、前方深度、后发障情况。结果所有手术均顺利完成,术后视力均有显著提高,术中无后囊膜破裂,见人工晶状体与囊袋紧密相贴,后囊膜未见皱褶,人工晶状体固定良好,随访6个月未发现视网膜脱离。结论 Bigbag折叠式人工晶状体对于白内障合并高度近视的患者是安全有效的选择,通过白内障超声乳化手术不但能够获得良好的视力,而且降低了后囊膜皱褶的发生率,同时也减少了视网膜脱离的发生。     

虹膜拉钩联合囊袋张力环在晶状体半脱位白内障患者术中的应用

目的探讨虹膜拉钩联合囊袋张力环（CTR）在晶状体半脱位白内障患者术中应用的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性病例研究。各种原因晶状体半脱位白内障患者22例（22眼）,其中外伤性白内障13眼,马凡氏综合征4眼,白内障超声乳化术中悬韧带离断3眼,不明原因者2眼。行3.2 mm透明角膜隧道切口及连续环形撕囊,150°穿刺刀做间隔90°的4个角膜缘穿刺切口,用4个一次性虹膜拉钩钩住撕囊边缘,植入CTR,超声乳化摘除白内障,囊袋内植入后房型人工晶状体。结果22例晶状体半脱位白内障患者均顺利植入了囊袋张力环及后房型人工晶状体,术后患者视力得到提高,所有植入的人工晶状体均基本位于正位,无明显倾斜、偏位。术后随访6～36个月,最佳矫正视力0.2～0.4者6眼,0.5～0.8者11眼,0.8以上者5眼,4例患者出现后发性白内障,未见视网膜脱离等其他并发症。结论在晶状体半脱位白内障超声乳化术中运用虹膜拉钩联合CTR植入,能提高手术安全性,减少手术并发症,是一种有效的白内障超声乳化手术辅助工具。     

白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除的临床观察

目的探讨白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术中Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除的临床疗效。方法对53例(60只眼)先天性白内障和后囊混浊的老年性白内障,施行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入,同时行Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除,术后观察眼压、人工晶状体位置、视轴区后发障等情况。结果术中人工晶状体均顺利植入囊袋;54只眼术后视力较术前提高,术后24小时后眼压正常;术后随访3个月~2年,无发生玻璃体疝入前房,未发现人工晶状体异位或夹持,无一例出现后发障、视网膜脱离。结论白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除是可行、安全的,能有效地治疗后囊膜混浊,预防后发障。     

Effect of Nd∶YAG laser treatment for correlative capsular syndrome

ObjectiveTo study the clinical effect of Nd∶YAG laser treatment for correlative capsular syndrome after cataract phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lenses （IOL） implants. MethodsThis was a retrospective case-controlled study. Thirty-three patients （33 eyes） diagnosed with correlative capsular syndrome who underwent cataract phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation were treated with Nd∶YAG laser. Twelve eyes were in the capsular contraction syndrome （CCS） group and 21 eyes were in the capsular block syndrome （CBS） group. In the CCS group, radial cuts were made in 10 eyes for anterior capsular fibrillar contraction rings and posterior capsulotomy with Nd∶YAG laser was used in 2 eyes. Seven eyes with early postoperative CBS underwent peripheral anterior capsulotomy with Nd∶YAG laser and fluid from the capsular bag was drained into the anterior chamber. Two of them had procedures that were combined with posterior capsulotomy. Fourteen eyes in the CBS group with late postoperative CBS underwent posterior capsulotomy with Nd∶YAG laser to liberate fluid from the capsular bag into the vitreous cavity. All cases were followed up for 6 months. ResultsIn the CCS group postoperatively, the anterior capsular fibrillar contraction rings were relaxed, capsular bag contraction disappeared, the anterior capsular transparent zones were enlarged, IOLs were in the central position, the lenses were stretched and there was no deviation in IOL tilt or capsular bag capture. In the CBS group postoperatively, IOLs were in good position, the posterior capsules were attached to the posterior surface of the lenses without spaces, and capsular bag block was relieved effectively. Pupillary block had disappeared, the depth of the anterior chamber had deepened and IOP was normal in all 7 eyes with early CBS. Uncorrected visual acuity （UCVA） improved at different degrees postoperatively in the CBS and CCS groups. ConclusionNd∶YAG laser is a good choice for correlative capsular syndrome after cataract phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation. It has a definite clinical effect and is a simple and safe procedure.     

Q开关Nd:YAG激光治疗后囊膜混浊

目的:探讨Q开关Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术治疗后囊膜混浊的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析行Q开关Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术后囊膜混浊患者165例(193眼),记录手术前后视力、眼压及并发症,并进行统计学分析。结果:①后囊膜一次性切开成功率为100%,所用激光脉冲数平均24±21.7次,激光总能量4~451mJ;②91.2%(176眼)视力较术前提高;③59.6%(115眼)出现一过性眼压升高;手术前后眼压变化与是否植入人工晶状体、所用激光脉冲数以及白内障手术与后囊膜切开术间隔时间有关;④19.3%(32眼)出现人工晶状体损伤。结论:Q开关Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术治疗后囊膜混浊安全、有效,但应严格掌握适应证,并合理选择激光参数。     

Phacoemulsification of the crystalline lens and implantation of an intraocular lens for the correction of moderate and high myopia: four-year follow-up

PURPOSE: To assess the safety of lens extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with high myopia treated for initial lens opacity and/or refractive indications. SETTING: Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. METHODS: This retrospective nonrandomized case series study comprised 44 eyes of 30 consecutive myopic patients who had surgery because of initial lens opacity and/or refractive indications during a 2-year period. In each case, phacoemulsification was performed using an ultrasonic technique and an IOL was implanted in the capsular bag. The patients were seen preoperatively to evaluate retinal pathology. They also had a complete ophthalmologic evaluation that included detailed indirect ophthalmoscopy. All patients were followed at regular intervals. The main outcome measures were preoperative and postoperative spherical equivalent (SE), the incidence of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and the need for capsulotomy, and the incidence of retinal complications. RESULTS: In all eyes, the surgery was uneventful. The mean patient age at surgery was 42.83 years; the mean preoperative SE was -15.77 diopters (D) and the mean postoperative SE, -1.05 D. No eye required preoperative peripheral retinal photocoagulation. Twenty-five eyes (56.8%) had PCO and had a neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy. One eye had a retinal tear 14 months after surgery and was treated with focal photocoagulation. The mean endothelial cell loss was 2.1% during the first postoperative year. Two eyes had an immediate postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) rise, 1 with an inflammatory membrane and the other with corneal edema; both resolved with topical treatment. One eye with elevated IOP and a bad response to medical treatment had argon laser trabeculoplasty. No eye had a retinal detachment during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: With a thorough preoperative ophthalmologic evaluation and uneventful surgery, patients who have phacoemulsification and IOL implantation for the correction of myopia have a satisfactory chance of obtaining good visual results with few complications.     

囊袋张力环植入治疗晶状体悬韧带异常的2年临床效果

目的评价在晶状体悬韧带异常情况下行超声乳化白内障吸除术时植入囊袋张力环（CTR）来提供晶状体囊袋支持的中长期临床效果。方法对2003年1月至2004年7月期间因晶状体悬韧带松弛或部分断裂或合并白内障在我院行超声乳化白内障吸除及CTR和人工晶状体（IOL）植入术的19例患者（22只眼）进行为期2年的随访。随访指标为最佳矫正视力和屈光度数、眼压、CTR和IOL及囊袋复合体的位置、晶状体后囊膜混浊（PCO）和晶状体囊袋的收缩程度。应用眼前节成像系统Pentacam采集各眼的Scheimpflug图像,分析术后1、6、12和24个月IOL的偏心值与倾斜度。结果术后2年随访结果：末次随访最佳矫正视力较术前提高≥2行者20只眼（90.9％）,提高1行者2只眼（9．1％）。CTR位置：21只眼CTR位于囊袋内,1只眼CTR部分脱出于囊袋外。IOL位置：22只眼的IOL均位于囊袋内,术后1个月1只眼轻度偏中心,术后2年5只眼轻度偏中心。PCO情况：末次随访3只眼（13．6％）因重度PCO行掺钇钕石榴石激光后囊膜切开,余19只眼为轻度PCO,无需处理。晶状体囊袋收缩程度：末次随访1只眼囊袋中度收缩。Pantacam检查术后1、6、12和24个月IOL的平均偏心值分别为（0．393±0．094）、（0.406±0．094）、（0.415±0．093）、（0.463±0．172）mm,术后1、6与24个月比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。倾斜度分别为2．637°±0．369°、2．653°±0．349°、2．682°±0.348°、2．714°±0．360°,各组间差异无统计学意义（P=0.220）。结论CTR合并IOL植入治疗晶状体悬韧带异常可获得良好视力。术后2年的随访观察证实CTR的植入抑制了PCO和囊袋收缩的发生,并维持IOL在囊袋内位置的良好稳定性。（中华眼科杂志,2007．43：519-524）     

Phacoemulsification without intraocular lens implantation in patients with high myopia: long-term results

PURPOSE: To estimate the cumulative incidence of postoperative retinal detachment (RD), rhegmatogenous retinal lesions requiring argon laser treatments, anterior (ACO) and posterior (PCO) capsule opacification, and neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy in patients with high myopia who had phacoemulsification without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. METHODS: Seventy-three eyes of 57 patients with high myopia who had phacoemulsification without IOL implantation from 1993 to 1996 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean postoperative follow-up was 62.3 months and the mean axial length, 30.22 mm (range 29.10 to 33.70 mm). The incidence of RD and preoperative and postoperative prophylactic argon laser photocoagulation for rhegmatogenous retinal lesions were assessed. Between 1997 and 2000, ACO was evaluated subjectively and PCO was evaluated using the EPCO photographic image-analysis system. The incidence of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was noted. RESULTS: Argon laser photocoagulation was performed in 8 eyes (10.9%) preoperatively and 3 eyes (4.1%) postoperatively. One RD (1.3%) was observed 26 months after surgery; no preoperative or postoperative prophylactic argon laser photocoagulation or Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was performed in this eye. At 1 year, 49 eyes (67.1%) had mild ACO and 24 (32.8%) had anterior capsule fibrosis. The data did not change during subsequent follow-up visits. At 6 years, the mean PCO grade was 1.109 (range 0.972 to 2.931); an Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was performed in 12 eyes (16.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other studies that evaluated the outcomes of highly myopic patients who had cataract surgery with posterior chamber IOL implantation, our patients, who did not have IOL implantation, had a lower incidence of postoperative rhegmatogenous retinal lesions requiring argon laser treatments and a similar incidence of postoperative RD and visually significant PCO.     

张力环植入与人工晶状体囊袋内单襻缝线固定两种手术方式的对比研究

目的　比较白内障超声乳化联合囊袋张力环及人工晶状体囊袋内植入术,与白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体囊袋内单襻缝线固定术两种手术方式治疗白内障合并晶状体不全脱位的临床效果。方法　收集白内障伴晶状体不全脱位33例（41眼）,按手术方式分为两组,其中A组行囊袋张力环及人工晶状体囊袋内植入术,共14例17眼;B组行人工晶状体囊袋内单襻缝线固定术,共19例（24眼）。对两组术后视力、眼压、手术并发症及IOL稳定性等资料进行统计学分析。结果　A组术后最佳矫正视力为0.66±0.15;1眼（5.9%）发生低眼压;5眼（29.4%）发生高眼压;8眼（47.1%）发生人工晶状体-囊袋张力环复合体脱位;12眼（70.6%）发生后发性白内障。B组术后最佳矫正视力为0.72±0.14;8眼（33.3%）发生低眼压;1眼（4.2%）发生高眼压;18眼（75.0%）发生后发性白内障。两组术后最佳矫正视力差异无统计学意义（t=-1.150,P=0.257）;术后低眼压发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.377,P=0.036）;术后高眼压发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.077,P=0.024）。结论　两种手术方法均能有效改善患者视力,达到相似的临床效果。     

钇铝石榴石激光治疗白内障摘除术后并发症的临床研究

目的探讨白内障摘除术后钇铝石榴石(yttriumaluminumgarnet,YAG)激光的应用范围,激光后囊膜切除术的方法、疗效和并发症.方法超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体(intraocularlens,IOL)植入手术4600只眼,术后YAG激光治疗451只眼,其中行后囊膜切除380只眼,切除方法采用连续环状切开及后推膜瓣二步法;连续环状切开时平均单脉冲能量为(1.21±0.31)mJ,平均总能量为(52.44±14.62)mJ;后推膜瓣时平均单脉冲能量为(2.12±0.43)mJ,平均总能量为(50.88±10.32)mJ.IOL前膜切除42只眼,脉冲能量为1.0～1.4mJ,平均总能量为(56.28±32.74)mJ.治疗其他术后并发症29只眼.结果白内障摘除术后行YAG激光治疗451只眼(9.8%).后囊膜切除手术率为8.3%;1次激光手术成功率为96.3%;平均裸眼视力提高0.26,矫正视力为0.85;未出现明显的IOL损伤和移位;362只眼(95.3%)眼压正常;2只眼视网膜脱离.结论YAG激光无需切口可在眼内完成精确的分割手术,且操作方便、安全,疗效好、并发症少、应用范围广.