静脉-静脉血液滤过透析对MODS患者血流动力学及氧代谢的影响

目的: 探讨静脉-静脉血液透析滤过(VVHDF)对多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者血流动力学及氧代谢的影响。方法: 24例MODS患者经股静脉留置单针双腔导管,使用Hospal BSM 22 SC血滤系统行床边VVHDF治疗,治疗期间留置Swan-Ganz导管监测VVHDF治疗前后血流动力学变化、动脉和混合静脉血气变化,并计算氧代谢指标。结果: VVHDF治疗6 h后心率、右心房压、平均肺动脉压、肺动脉嵌顿压、肺血管阻力指数均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.001),平均动脉压、体血管阻力指数、动脉血氧分压、动脉血氧饱和度、动脉血氧含量、氧输送和氧消耗均显著增加(P<0.01~P<0.001);而心脏指数、血红蛋白、动脉血二氧化碳分压、混合静脉血氧分压、混合静脉血氧饱和度、混合静脉血氧含量、氧摄取率在VVHDF治疗前后均无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论: VVHDF用于MODS的治疗能改善MODS患者的全身血流动力学状况,提高氧供。     

中心静脉和动脉血气联合分析在脓毒血症患者诊疗中的预警作用

目的探讨中心静脉和动脉血气联合分析在脓毒血症患者诊疗中的应用价值。方法脓毒血症患者46例,定时进行中心静脉和动脉血气分析,记录相关数据,同时记录中心静脉压（CVP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、每小时尿量。根据3d后APACHEⅢ评分是否≥80,分为A组（23例）、B组（23例）,比较入院时的APACHEⅢ评分,动脉血气,静脉血气。根据治疗过程中是否发生休克,分为C组（17例）、D组（29例）,比较休克前一次的动脉和静脉血气。3d后,选择生命体征平稳,疗效较好的患者,设定为E组（16例）,比较每个时段的动静脉血氧饱和度,CVP、MAP、尿量变化。结果A,B二组患者入科时,APACHEⅢ评分、动脉血气分析各项指标无差异,但静脉血气氧分压、二氧化碳分压、pH值、A—VpH（动静脉PH值差）,A—VPCO2（动静脉二氧化碳分压差）差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。D组患者休克发生前血气与无休克患者比较,动脉血气值差异无统计学意义,但是A—VpH,A—VPCO2和静咏血气分析各项数据差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在E组患者中,随着病情好转,A—VpH,A—VPCO2和静脉氧饱和度比MAP、CVP、每小时尿量等数据更快出现改善（P〈0．05）。结论中心静脉和动脉血气联合分析在脓毒血症患者诊疗中,有早期判断预后,提示休克发生,快速判断疗效等几大预警作用。     

Clinical study on hemodynamics, blood gases and hemorheologic monitoring of patients with cor pulmonale

14 patients of cor pulmonale in convalescent stage were studied with Swan-ganze catheter technique. The pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiac output, arterial blood gases, transcutaneous gases tension and hemorrheologic measurement were monitored simultaneously at definite intervals within 24 hours. The results showed that the mean value of the pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (tcPCO2), hematocrit(H), whole blood viscosity (eta b) and plasma viscosity (eta p) were higher at night than those at daytime. While the value of cardiac output (CO), arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) showed a converse result, most of them showed more predominant at daytime and tended to be lowered at night. The MPAP in some of convalescent patients might decrease to normal, but in the pulmonary hypertension group [MPAP greater than or equal to 2.66 Kpa (20 mmHg)] the day and night measurements of MPAP, CO, PaO2, PaCO2, tcPO2, tcPCO2 were fluctuate more obviously than in normal group (P less than 0.01). The day and night hemorrheologic measurements such as H, eta b, eta p etc. showed that the blood viscosity increased more significantly at night than at daytime. The cardiac output (CO, CI) seemed to be a little bit lower in some patients especially in those with high pulmonary arterial pressure and at night. These results suggest that the variation of the day and night measurements of hemodynamics, blood gas, hemorrheologic changes have some rule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

长时间后腹腔镜手术对脑氧供需平衡的影响

目的探讨长时间后腹腔镜手术对脑氧供需平衡的影响。方法选择择期行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术患者30例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,分别于气腹前,气腹后10、60和180min,抽取颈静脉球血和桡动脉血进行血气分析,比较不同时点动脉血pH(apH)、颈静脉球pH(jvpH)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、动脉血糖(aGS)、动脉血乳酸(aLac)、颈内静脉血氧分压(PjvO2)、颈内静脉血氧饱和度(SjvO2)、颅内动静脉氧含量差(A-jvDO2)、颈内静脉血二氧化碳分压(PjvCO2)、血糖(jvGS)和乳酸(jvLac)的变化。结果气腹后10、60min时间点PaCO2、PjvCO2与气腹前相比显著升高(P<0.05);apH、jvpH显著降低(P<0.05);A-jv-DO2、jvLac、aGS、jvGS与气腹前相比无显著变化(P>0.05)。气腹后180min时,血气结果显示apH、jvpH显著降低(P<0.05);PaCO2、PjvCO2与气腹前相比显著升高(P<0.05);A-jvDO2气腹后各时点与气腹前相比显著下降(P<0.05);aLac、jvLac与气腹前相比有升高趋势(P<0.05);aGS、jvGS气腹前、后无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论后腹腔镜手术期间,随着气腹时间延长,脑氧供需逐渐趋于失衡。     

胸膜剥脱术对结核性脓胸患者肺功能的影响

目的: 探讨胸膜剥脱术对结核性脓胸患者肺功能的影响。方法: 对89例单纯结核性脓胸进行胸膜剥脱术,在患者术前、术后9个月进行血气分析检测,选取动脉血氧分压、动脉血二氧化碳分压、动脉血氧饱和度、pH 4项指标进行评价,并测定术前、术后3、6、9个月的肺功能指标,对第1秒用力呼气容积、用力肺活量及二者比值和最大通气量进行监测,了解肺功能变化情况。结果: 所有患者手术顺利,术后恢复良好,术后9个月动脉血氧分压较术前改善明显(P<0.01),动脉血二氧化碳分压、动脉血氧饱和度和pH均无明显变化(P>0.05)。术后3、6、9个月肺功能监测指标均较术前明显改善(P<0.01),术后6个月和9个月各项肺功能指标亦均较术后3个月显著改善(P<0.01),而术后6个月和9个月差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论: 胸膜剥脱术能够有效改善结核性脓胸的肺功能,6个月后基本恢复到最大限度,对于有手术指征的患者应尽早实施胸膜剥脱术,阻止胸廓进一步变形,达到最好的治疗效果。     

围术期静脉血氧定量的应用进展

静脉血氧定量是指通过测定静脉血中血红蛋白的氧饱和度来反映组织氧合程度、组织灌注水平的指标,可动态并准确地反映氧平衡变化和组织氧代谢状态,在反映血容量及心排血量变化方面明显优于其他血气及血流动力学指标。静脉血氧定量的监测方法主要包括混合静脉血氧饱和度和中心静脉血氧饱和度的测定。目前混合静脉血氧饱和度和中心静脉血氧饱和度在临床上主要应用于脓毒症及重大外科手术中通过对全身氧代谢的监测来指导临床治疗。     

复合性颅脑损伤合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征的早期目标性救治的探讨

目的探讨复合性颅脑损伤合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征的早期目标性救治的疗效。方法70例随机分为常规治疗组（A组）和早期目标性救治组（B组）,A组的治疗包括积极治疗创伤,机械通气,脱水止血,保持动脉收缩压〉90mmHg,红细胞压积≥0．21,动脉血氧饱和度≥90％。B组在A组治疗的基础上实施肺保护性通气和镇痛镇静治疗,并要求2～24h内达到以下目标：中心静脉压5～8mmHg,平均动脉压75～110mmHg,尿量〉1．0mL／（kg·h）,红细胞压积≥0．27,中心静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO2）〉70％,脑灌注压65～100mmHg,理想的动脉血气分析,动脉血乳酸（ABL）〈2．0mmol／L。结果与A组比较,B组机械通气时间无差异,而吸气平台压、动脉二氧化碳分压、平均动脉压、中心静脉压、脑灌注压、动脉血氧含量、ABL、ScvO2等指标均有显著性差异,28d的病死率也有明显下降。结论早期目标性救治能够改善患者的预后,可能与改善组织灌注和氧代谢、保护重要脏器功能有关。     

An improved rebreathing method for measuring mixed venous carbon dioxide tension and its clinical application

The mixed venous carbon dioxide tension (PVCO2) can be measured at the bedside by a rebreathing equilibrium technique that is quick, simple and noninvasive. Only one brief period of rebreathing is required. The technique is accurate even when the lungs are not normal, and gives a graphic record that allows verification of the accuracy of the estimate. The PVCO2 is affected mainly by changes in alveolar ventilation and cardiac output. It can be measured instead of the arterial carbon dioxide tension (PACO2) to follow changes in alveolar ventilation when the cardiac output is normal (PaCO2 = 0.8 PVCO2). When the cardiac output is abnormal, measurement of both PaCO2 and PvCO2 is useful in determining how much the cardiac output is reduced. Consideration of the relation between oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production suggests that the equation PaCO2 = 0.8 PVCO2 - 12 indicates a reduction in cardiac output that may impair the oxygen supply to tissues. Simple corrections can be applied to allow for variations in arterial oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration that will affect this relationship.     

Does computer-assisted surgical navigation total knee arthroplasty reduce venous thromboembolism compared with conventional total knee arthroplasty?

INTRODUCTION: The study aims to show that total knee arthroplasty using computer-assisted surgical navigation without intramedullary rodding is safer than conventional intramedullary techniques in preventing venous thromboembolism. METHODS: 30 patients were grouped into groups of 10. Groups A and B had conventional intramedullary rodding of the femur and/or tibia. Group C had no rodding of the femur and tibia using computer-assisted surgical navigation. The degree, duration and size of the embolic shower were captured by a transoesophageal echocardiography probe. The echogenic emboli were graded according to the Mayo Clinic score. Haemodynamic parameters such as pulse oximetry oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide, heart rate and mean arterial pressure were also recorded. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the size of the emboli and the Mayo Clinic score when comparing the groups with intramedullary rodding and those without. There was also a significant difference in the pulse oximetry oxygen saturation and heart rate when the group without intramedullary rodding was compared with groups with rodding. CONCLUSION: Surgical navigation total knee arthroplasty may be safer than conventional total knee replacement with intramedullary rodding in preventing venous thromboembolism.     

纤维支气管镜引导双腔支气管导管插管的临床观察

目的:观察纤维支气管镜对双腔支气管导管插管的引导作用及患者血气分析结果。方法:对30例开胸手术患者在纤维支气管镜引导下行双腔支气管导管插管。并在术前,双肺通气,单肺通气15min,单肺通气30min时取动脉血行血气分析。结果:30例患者血氧饱和度,血氧分压及二氧化碳分压值均在正常范围。结论:在纤维支气管镜引导下的双腔支气管导管插管位置正确,不影响患者气体交换。     

Oxygen as a driving gas for nebulisers: safe or dangerous?

Changes in blood gas tensions occurring when 100% oxygen or air was used as the driving gas for nebulised salbutamol were studied in 23 patients with severe airways obstruction. The patients fell into three groups: nine had chronic bronchitis and emphysema with carbon dioxide retention, seven had emphysema and chronic bronchitis without carbon dioxide retention, and seven had severe asthma (no carbon dioxide retention). When oxygen was used as the driving gas patients who retained carbon dioxide showed a mean rise of 1.03 kPa (7.7 mm Hg) in their pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2) after 15 minutes (p less than 0.001) but the Pco2 returned to baseline values within 20 minutes of stopping the nebuliser. The other two groups showed no rise in Pco2 with oxygen. When air was used as the driving gas none of the groups became significantly more hypoxic. Although it is safe to use oxygen as the driving gas for nebulisers in patients with obstructive airways disease with normal Pco2, caution should be exercised in those who already have carbon dioxide retention.     

无创正压通气治疗 AECOPD 并呼吸衰竭的临床应用研究

目的：评价无创正压通气（NIPPV）治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）的临床疗效。方法将66例 AECOPD 并呼吸衰竭患者分为2组,试验组33例,在常规治疗的基础上予以 NIPPV 治疗;对照组33例仅予以常规治疗。观察指标包括呼吸频率（RR）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SaO2）,动脉血 pH 值（pH）、氧分压（PaO2）、二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）。结果治疗后试验组患者的呼吸频率（RR）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SaO2）、动脉血 pH 值（pH）、氧分压（PaO2）、二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）比对照组明显改善（P<0.05）。试验组总有效率85.3%,对照组总有效率62.5%,试验组有1例死亡,病死率为2.9%,对照组有 3例死亡,病死率为9.3%（P<0.05）。结论 NIPPV 治疗 AECOPD 并呼吸衰竭疗效确切,可降低患者病死率。     

BiPAP呼吸机治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性呼吸衰竭的疗效观察

目的　探讨 (鼻 )面罩双水平气道正压通气 (BiPAP)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)急性呼吸衰竭的治疗作用。方法　 52例COPD急性加重合并呼吸衰竭患者应用BiPAP呼吸机辅助通气治疗 ,记录通气前及通气治疗 2h及 2 4h后呼吸空气条件下患者的血气分析及第 1秒用力肺活量(FEV1)、用力肺活量 (FVC)。结果　治疗前PaCO2 为 (76± 15)mmHg ,FVC为 (1 2 8± 0 2 0 )L ;治疗后2 4hPaCO2 为 (40± 9)mmHg ,FVC为 (1 3 2± 0 2 0 )L ,治疗前、后比较均无显著差异 (P >0 0 5)。治疗前PaO2 为 (48± 12 )mmHg ,FEV1为 (0 67± 0 0 7)L ;治疗后 2 4小时PaO2 为 (88± 16)mmHg ,FEV1为(0 85± 0 2 0 )L ,治疗前、后比较有显著差异 (P <0 0 5)。结论　应用BiPAP呼吸机辅助通气治疗COPD急性呼吸衰竭可改善肺功能 ,提高PaO2 。     

血气分析和肺功能测定在肝肺综合征诊断中的意义

目的　探讨血气分析与肺功能测定在肝肺综合征(HPS)临床诊断中的价值 .方法　选择肝炎后肝硬化伴有HPS(2 3例 )和无 HPS肝硬化患者 (2 5例 ) ,分别进行血气分析和肺功能测定 .结果　 HPS患者呼吸困难、紫绀和杵状指发生率依次为 10 0 %、5 2 %和 6 1% ,而无 HPS的肝硬化患者未发现上述症状 ,同时发现 HPS组蜘蛛痣发生率 (78% )显著高于无 HPS组 (32 % ,P<0 .0 1) .血气分析结果表明 ,HPS组动脉血氧饱和度 (Sa O2 )、血氧分压 (Pa O2 )和 CO2 分压 (Pa-CO2 )均显著低于无 HPS肝硬化组 (P值均 <0 .0 1) ,同时动脉血 p H却显著增高 (P<0 .0 1) .肺功能测定结果显示 ,虽然HPS患者限制性通气功能障碍发生率 (17% )与肝硬化组(2 0 .0 % )比较无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,其肺 CO弥散量(DLCO)却显著低于肝硬化组 (P <0 .0 1) .在吸入空气或10 0 % O2 条件下 ,肺泡 -动脉血氧分压差 (PA- a O2 )和吸入纯氧时的肺内动 -静脉分流量 (QS/ QT)均显著高于肝硬化组 (P<0 .0 1) .结论　 1HPS患者肺弥散功能障碍和肺内静 -动脉分流现象可能是其低氧血症发生的病理基础 ;2血气分析与肺功能测定是 HPS诊断简单、易行地诊断参考指标     

中心静脉血氧饱和度联合静动脉二氧化碳分压差监测感染性休克患者液体复苏效果评估

目的 探讨分析中心静脉血氧饱和度联合中心静脉-动脉血二氧化碳分压差对感染性休克液体复苏的指导意义。方法 选取58例感染性休克患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,均在常规治疗的基础上给予体液复苏,对照组患者复苏目标为ScvO₂(中心血氧饱和度)≥0.70,治疗组患者在对照组控制目标的基础上联合Pcv-aCO₂＜6 mmHg,比较两组患者临床效果、治疗前后观察指标,分析复苏6 h后ScvO₂≥0.70的患者Pcv-aCO₂与6 h乳酸清除率相关性。结果 治疗组患者机械通气时间、ICU住院时间较对照组患者显著缩短,6 h平均补液量较对照组患者显著减少,28 d病死率较对照组患者显著降低,治疗后两组患者MAP、CVP、ScvO₂、乳酸清除率、CI、SCr指标水平均显著改善,且治疗组患者观察指标水平改善更显著,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),复苏6 h后ScvO₂≥0.70的患者Pcv-aCO₂与6 h乳酸清除率呈现负相关(r=-0.754,P＜0.001)。结论 中心静脉血氧饱和度联合中心静脉-动脉血二氧化碳分压差应用于感染性休克患者体液复苏具有重要的指导意义,可有效评价患者的循环血流量,组织灌注状态及缺氧情况。     

胸科非心脏手术围麻醉期并发心律失常的临床分析

目的通过分析916例胸科手术患者围麻醉期间并发心律失常的情况,探讨非心脏开胸手术心律失常的原因及防治措施。方法术中连续监测患者血氧饱和度、心电图、心率、有创动脉压、呼末二氧化碳分压和间断血气分析,并记录患者术中心律失常发生的类型、治疗措施及效果。结果胸科非心脏手术围麻醉期发生心律失常的概率大于72%,其诱发因素主要有患者年龄、心脏原发病、心电图异常、血氧饱和度低、手术操作、电解质异常相关合并症等,麻醉期间应予重视。结论胸科非心脏手术围麻醉期发生心律失常发生概率较高,术前应积极纠正病因,术中严密监护和及时处理诱发因素等是防止和治疗心律失常的关键措施。     

Fast-track method in cardiac surgery: evaluation of risks and benefits of continuous administration technique

INTRODUCTION: Fast-track is a method proposed to decrease medical costs through the reduction of patients' length of stay in the hospital. This study was carried out to assess the risks and benefits of conducting the fast-track method in cardiac anaesthesia and to evaluate the role of continuous infusion of short-acting anaesthetics in a successful fast-track protocol. METHODS: 100 cases were divided into two groups. In the fast-track group, fentanyl and propofol infusions were started at induction time and atracurium one hour later. No bolus drug was administered during the operation. Fentanyl infusion was continued up to 12 hours after surgery. The conventional extubation group received fentanyl and pancuronium as bolus doses. The two groups were evaluated for time of alertness and extubation in the intensive care unit, total analgesic dosage administered during the 24 hours after operation, arterial blood gas and peripheral saturation of oxygen before and after extubation. RESULTS: Time period between intensive care unit admission and alertness was significantly different in the fast-track (1.3 hours) and control (3.3 hours) groups (p-value is less than 0.001) as well as total time of intubation in the intensive care unit (4.3 hours vs. 7 hours) (p-value is less than 0.001). No patient of the fast-track group experienced low pressure of arterial oxygen, low saturation of arterial oxygen, high pressure of arterial carbon dioxide or need for reintubation in the first 24 hours after surgery. CONCLUSION: Continuous infusion of drugs in the fast-track method facilitates earlier extubation. It maintains continuous sedation and analgesia without increasing respiratory complications.     

肺纤维化住院患者睡眠呼吸分析

目的 分析肺纤维化住院患者睡眠呼吸情况及其临床意义。方法 采用多导睡眠图监测肺纤维化住院患者睡眠呼吸情况及觉醒时对患者行血气分析、肺功能检查，并分析其相互关系。结果 肺纤维化住院患者睡眠事件虽无明显增加，但深睡和快眼动期减少、睡眠碎片增多，心率增快；均存在着不同程度的夜间睡眠低氧血症，其大多与觉醒时血氧饱和度、入睡前静息时动脉血氧分压及氧饱和度正相关，而与其他血气指标及肺功能无关。结论 肺纤维化住院患者睡眠呼吸情况均有异常．加以关注将有利于治疗和预后分析，夜间氧疗有一定价值。     

Is sedation without desaturation possible?

The correlation between the depth of sedation and the degree of oxygen desaturation was studied in 52 patients presenting for surgery under regional anaesthesia. After establishing successful regional anaesthesia, patients were sedated with incremental doses of intravenous midazolam. The various levels of sedation were scored from 0 to IV. Continuous pulse oximetry allowed for correlation of sedation and saturation. Each patient's presedation oxygen saturation served as the control value. This was compared with the saturation at sedation levels II, III and IV and was found to be significantly higher (p less than 0.001). There was also a significant drop in saturation as patients progressed from sedation level II to III (p less than 0.02) and from level III to IV (p less than 0.001). The incidence of saturation falling to less than 90% was 4.35%, 14.71% and 40% at sedation scores of II, III and IV respectively.