咽旁间隙肿瘤手术进路探讨

目的颈外进路切除咽旁间隙肿瘤创伤大,并发症多,面部或颈部留有疤痕.为了克服上述缺点,采用软腭进路切除咽旁间隙肿瘤.方法患者仰卧,头向后伸,肩下垫小枕,戴维氏开口器撑开口腔.斜行切开软腭粘膜及粘膜下层,用血管钳钝性分离肌层达肿瘤包膜,沿包膜外用手指分离,待瘤体游离后完整摘除.结果经软腭进路切除咽旁间隙肿瘤3例,均取得了满意的效果.随访6个月～5年无肿瘤复发.结论经软腭进路切除位置较高达颅底、向鼻咽、口咽腔内隆起的咽旁前间隙良性肿瘤,手术经路短,最接近肿瘤,创伤小,损伤血管和神经机会小,手术时间短,可避免面部或颈部手术疤痕,操作简便,安全可行.     

基于磁共振鼻咽癌咽旁间隙侵犯与预后关系的探讨

[目的]探讨基于磁共振鼻咽癌咽旁间隙受侵对预后的影响。[方法]185例M0期鼻咽癌患者,按咽旁间隙的侵犯程度进行划分,无咽旁侵犯记为0级,有咽旁侵犯而无颈动脉鞘区侵犯记为1级,有颈动脉鞘区侵犯记为2级。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Cox模型进行预后多因素分析。[结果]咽旁间隙受侵与颅底骨质破坏有明显相关性（r=0.15,P=0.041）。多因素分析显示咽旁受侵不是独立的预后因素,但颈动脉鞘区受侵是影响鼻咽癌总生存、无远处转移的独立预后因素。[结论]单纯的咽旁受侵不影响预后,颈动脉鞘区受侵是独立预后因素。     

下颌升支截断切除咽旁间隙巨大肿瘤

目的:探讨咽旁间隙巨大肿瘤的最佳手术入路。方法:经颈侧入路,切除腮腺浅叶同时切断下颌升支,切除咽旁间隙巨大肿瘤12例,肿瘤切除后复位固定下颌升支。术后下颌骨X-线摄片。结果:12例均完整切除肿瘤,1例术后出现Horner综合征,暂时性面瘫11例,无永久性面瘫和其他并发症。术后咬合关系正常,下颌骨对位良好。结论:经颈侧下颌升支截断切除巨大咽旁间隙肿瘤,视野良好、易于暴露,手术并发症少。     

咽旁间隙肿瘤的诊断及手术入路

目的：探讨咽旁间隙肿瘤的诊断与手术人路。方法：对1997年-2007年32例咽旁间隙肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：32例中良、恶性肿瘤分别占84．38％、15．62％，其中以神经源性及涎腺来源最为常见。术前CT、MRI明确肿瘤的大小、位置、侵犯范围以及与周围组织关系。手术采用口内径路1例，颈侧径路27例，颈外及下颌骨外侧裂开3例，颈腮腺径路1例。结论：颈部CT、MRI是诊断、鉴别诊断的良好手段，颈侧径路则是最常用且安全有效的手术径路方式。     

Prognostic influence of parapharyngeal space involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

PURPOSE: To assess the prognostic influence of parapharyngeal space involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1987 to December 1994, 197 untreated NPC patients were examined by CT scan before treatment. The parapharyngeal space was separated into pre-styloid and post-styloid compartments on axial images by the styloid process. Potentially significant parameters were analyzed by both univariate and multivariate methods using SPSS 8.0 software. RESULTS: The actual survival, disease-free survival, and local failure-free rates were affected by the presence of parapharyngeal space involvement (p = 0.0115, p = 0.0035, p = 0.0367, respectively). The 5-year actual survival, disease-free survival, and the local failure-free rates in the patients without parapharyngeal space disease, or with pre-styloid and post-styloid compartment involvement were 87.9%, 88.0%, 96.9% and 75.0%, 71.2%, 93.7% and 60.5%, 57.7%, 86.8%, respectively. Parapharyngeal space involvement correlated well with lymphadenopathy and advanced N disease. Distant metastasis is more likely in the presence of obvious post-styloid compartment involvement (p = 0.0153). Age is a strong prognostic factor for survival.CONCLUSION: Parapharyngeal tumor involvement has significant predictive value. The parapharyngeal space involvement affects local tumor failure, regional tumor failure, and distant metastasis. Its survival rate is low     

TUMORS INVADING PARAPHARYNGEAL SPACE : REFINED IMAGING DIAGNOSIS

ＴＵＭＯＲＳＩＮＶＡＤＩＮＧＰＡＲＡＰＨＡＲＹＮＧＥＡＬＳＰＡＣＥ：ＲＥＦＩＮＥＤＩＭＡＧＩＮＧＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＩＳＺｈｕａｎｇＱｉｘｉｎ庄奇新ＣｈｅｎｇＹｉｎｇｓｈｅｎｇ程英升ＹａｎｇＳｈｉｘｕｎ杨世埙Ｓｈａｎｇｋｅｚｈｏｎｇ尚克中ＹａｎＸｉｎｈｕａ...     

咽旁肿瘤切除术(附29例)

目的探讨如何根据术前诊断选择最佳的手术进路,提高疗效,减少并发症和后遗症。方法本组29例,男性16例,女性13例,年龄18~57岁,中位年龄45。均采用手术治疗及术后化疗或放疗。手术进路:口腔入路、颌颈入路、颈侧高位切开下颌骨外旋入路、颌咽入路、上颌骨掀翻入路、上颌骨加咽旁肿瘤切除。结果病理类型:良性21例,恶性8例,随访5年,良性肿瘤均未见复发,骨肉瘤1例术后2个月复发,上颌窦癌1例术后2年复发,口咽侧壁粘液表皮样癌1例术后6年复发,再次术后2年复发,颌下腺腺样囊性癌术后4年复发并肺转移,未继续治疗,恶性淋巴瘤2例化疗后5年无复发。手术均未出现并发症,术后有暂时性的神经功能障碍,均在半年内恢复。结论口腔入路仅适用于紧邻咽粘膜下小肿瘤、颌颈入路适用于咽旁混合瘤、神经鞘瘤和颈动脉体瘤、颈侧高位切开下颌骨外旋入路适用于腮腺深叶肿瘤及高位神经鞘瘤、颌咽入路适用于恶性肿瘤连同下颌升枝一并切除、上颌骨掀翻入路及上颌骨适用于晚期的上颌窦癌及颅底肿瘤侵入咽旁。     

鼻咽癌外照射加腔内近距离超分割推量照射的远期疗效分析

背景与目的:鼻咽癌的后装治疗一般采用鼻咽腔内治疗的方法进行推量照射,适用于局部早期鼻咽癌.福建省肿瘤医院率先开展鼻咽旁插植技术,无颅底破坏的局部晚期鼻咽癌采用后装治疗推量照射.本文分析腔内后装推量照射的远期疗效,探讨常规外照射的合适剂量配合后程超分割后装推量照射的临床价值.方法:1998年1月～2002年12月体外照射加腔内后装超分割推量放射治疗鼻咽癌患者352例,体外常规放射治疗50～70 Gy后进行腔内近距离超分割推量照射,外照射后咽旁间隙肿瘤残留者配合咽旁区插植放疗.采用个体化鼻咽腔内施源器,超分割照射每次2.5～3.0 Gy,2次/天,间隔6 h,总剂量5～32 Gy,中位剂量17 Gy.结果:本组l、2、3、5年生存率分别为97.0%、91.3%、87.6%、84.7%.总体5年生存率Ⅰ、Ⅱ期88.2%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期79.2%(log-rank检验,P=0.016);总体局控率Ⅰ、Ⅱ期94.1%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期91.7%(log-rank检验,P＞0.05).后组颅神经损伤32例(9.4%).结论:鼻咽腔内后装联合咽旁间隙捅植近距离放射治疗鼻咽癌取得良好的局控率和生存率,局部晚期鼻咽癌取得与早期鼻咽癌类似的局控率,咽旁间隙受累者咽旁插植增加颈动脉鞘区照射剂量,后组颅神经损伤发生率较高.     

Relationship between the PCNA expression and CT imaging on parapharyngeal space involved in NPC

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is used widely to assess cell proliferation status. It is proved that PCNA is related to the tumor pathological grade,clinical staging, node metastases and prognosis. To study how the prognosis is affected by the extent of parapharyngeal space involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at molecular level, we discussed the relation between PCNA and the parapharyngeal space involved of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

宫颈癌淋巴结转移高危因素的临床分析

目的 探讨宫颈癌发生淋巴结转移的高危因素.方法 对272例宫颈癌患者临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 272例宫颈癌患者中发生淋巴结转移52例(19.11％),显著独立高危因素包括肿瘤大小、浸润深度、宫旁浸润、脉管癌栓.结论 闭孔淋巴结、髂外淋巴结、内淋巴结为宫颈癌最易受累区域,肿瘤大小超过4 cm、浸润深度超过75％、脉管癌栓阳性、宫旁浸润阳性的宫颈癌患者为发生淋巴结转移的高危群体,在临床治疗中,应确保宫旁切除范围,并实施系统淋巴结清扫.     

Malignant mixed tumor of the salivary gland with bone metastasis: a case report and literature review.

Malignant mixed salivary tumors are rare, accounting for 2%-10% of all mixed salivary tumors. Rarer still are metastasis from a malignant mixed salivary tumor. A case of malignant mixed salivary tumor occurring in the parotid gland and presenting as a parapharyngeal mass; with asymptomatic multiple bony metastasis is presented with a brief review of literature.     

咽旁间隙肿瘤(附61例临床分析)

１９７０－１９８９年间，我院收治了６１例咽旁间隙肿瘤，大部份为良性。ＣＴ扫描对诊断和指导治疗有重要意义。良性肿瘤以手术治为主，本组手术切除４８例，其中良性肿瘤３９例，恶性肿瘤９例，均采取颈外侧进路，５例恶性肿瘤加术后放疗。良性肿瘤术后很少复发，恶性肿瘤的３、５年生存率分别为５３．３％和３６．４％。     

经鼻咽旁插植组织间后装治疗在鼻咽癌放疗后程加量中的应用

背景与目的:后装近距离治疗常常用于早期鼻咽癌放射治疗后程加量,但常规施源器置入方法定位不准、重复性差,无法向咽旁追量.本研究采用存鼻窦内窥镜引导下进行咽旁插植后装放疗的新方法,旨在解决常规后装治疗的上述缺陷.方法:选择2005年9月至2006年8月初治和复发鼻咽癌外照射后仍有鼻咽粘膜下肿瘤残留超过1 cm或/和咽旁浸润但侵犯范围较局限的患者23例,在鼻窦内窥镜引导下经鼻腔进行鼻咽及咽旁施源器插植术,术后经CT扫描定位并确认插植位置合格后,利用三维近距离治疗系统进行鼻咽、咽旁肿瘤靶区勾画、剂量优化和组织问近距离治疗,测量治疗前后施源器植入的深度,并观察近距离治疗的疗效及并发症.结果:施源器均准确插入肿瘤区,插植位置100%合格.插人和拔出施源器时粘膜下植入深度分别为(9.59±2.72)mm和(9.43±2.30)mm,两者差异无统计学意义(t=0.23,P＞0.05);漂移长度为(0.75±0.75)mm.治疗后3个月内肿瘤完全消失,无肿瘤局部复发,无远处转移.随访3～15个月(中位随访时间6个月),随访率100%,无大出血、感染等手术并发症,无腭穿孔、鼻咽坏死等严重后装放疗并发症;3例鼻甲粘连,经分解后完全缓解.结论:经鼻窦内窥镜鼻咽、咽旁插植定位准确,固定良好,安全可行;对鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽、咽旁残留病灶进行组织问近距离治疗近期疗效良好,无严重近期并发症.     

鼻咽癌咽旁间隙受侵对预后的影响

目的 探讨鼻咽癌咽旁间隙受侵对患者预后的影响。方法 1987年1月994年12月间对197例初程治疗的鼻咽半成品 患者进行CT扫描检查，利用SPSS8.0软件进行单因素和多因素分析影响预后的因素。结果 咽旁间隙受侵对实际生存、无瘤生存及局部控制有影响（P=0.0115,P=0.003,P=0.0367)。咽旁间隙阴性患者的5年实际生存率、无瘤生存率和局部控制率分别为87.9%,88.0%和96.9%，茎突前暗隙受侵分别为75.0%、71.2%和93.7%，茎突后间隙受侵分别为60.5%、57.7%和86.8%。结论 咽旁间隙受侵影响生存及局部控制，当茎突后间隙明显受侵时，远处转移的机会增加。     

Solitary fibrous tumor of the infratemporal fossa: A case report

First described as a pleural neoplasm, the solitary fibrous tumor (fibrous mesothelioma) has been reported in a number of extrapulmonary sites, including the Head-Neck region. In the Head-Neck region, it has been described in the sinonasal tract, epiglottis, parapharyngeal, retropharyngeal spaces, parotid and infratemporal fossa. We present the second case of solitary fibrous tumor of infratemporal fossa described in world literature. A complete excision was achieved by transmaxillary approach.     

cTNM vs. pTNM: the effect of not applying ultrasonography in the identification of cervical nodal disease

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare tumor of uncertain malignant potential arising from mesenchymal cells with pericytic differentiation. It accounts for 3-5% of soft tissue sarcomas and 1% of vascular tumors. It usually presents in 5^th to 6^th decade of life. Most common sites are limbs, pelvis and head and neck. About 20% of all hemangiopericytomas are seen in head and neck, mostly in adults. Usually it presents in orbit, nasal cavity, oral cavity, jaw, parotid gland, parapharyngeal space, masticator space and jugular foramen. Long term follow up is important because of imprecise nature of the histological criteria for prediction of biologic behavior. We report herein a case of HPC in 66-year-old man, who presented in our department with headache, nasal obstruction and dysphagia. A neck computer tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large left parapharyngeal mass bulging into nasopharynx and oropharynx with extension to pharyngeal mucosal surface and causing narrowing of airways and total obstruction of left posterior nostril. Angiography showed a highly vascular neoplasm. Initially he was managed as a case of schwannoma and embolization was done but with no response. An attempt to do complete surgical resection was made, but due to its critical position, it was not possible. During surgery, highly vascularised tumor was found. The histopathologic examination revealed a vascular tumor consistent with hemangiopericytoma G-II. The patient had normal postoperative course of healing and was given adjuvant radiation. He is on regular follow up without signs of recurrence or metastases. In summary, parapharyngeal space is a rare site of presentation for hemangiopericytoma which is highly vascular tumor, requiring extensive work up including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan and angiography. Complete surgical excision should be attempted. Postoperative radiation is indicated in cases of incomplete resection.     

鼻咽癌颈 部淋巴结转移与咽旁间隙受侵的关系

作者对本院1985年12月至1988年8月首次治疗前的196例鼻咽癌临床及CT扫描发现的资料进行了分析。单侧或双侧颈部淋巴结转移灶≥3cm者,咽旁间隙及颈动脉鞘受侵率分别为65.42％(70/017)及62.62％(67/017),但颈部淋巴结转移灶<3cm者,咽旁间隙及颈动脉鞘受侵率仅为15.63％(5/32)及12.5％(4/32),二者具有显著性差异(P<0.005);咽旁间隙及颈动脉鞘受侵者,颈部淋巴结转移率分别为84.27％(75/89)及84.52％(71/84)。4例后组颅神经受累者全部有咽旁间隙受累,其它颅神经受累者咽旁间隙受侵者仅为35.71％(10/28)。我们的资料表明,颈部淋巴结转移灶与颈动脉鞘关系密切,颈部淋巴结转移可能是原发灶直接侵犯颈动脉鞘后产生的。在缺少CT扫描的情况下,根据颈部淋巴结大小,我们提出鼻咽癌放疗设野的建议。     

鼻咽癌咽旁受侵不同射野放射治疗长期疗效比较

目的评价鼻咽癌咽旁受侵不同射野放射治疗的长期疗效。方法从１９８８年３月至１９９２年３月，经ＣＴ诊断鼻咽癌咽旁受侵的病人１０１例。所有病人均经病理确诊，被随机分为２个组。一组采用面颈联合野，另一组采用双耳前野加面前野。鼻咽部外照射总肿瘤量均为ＤＴ６８～７２Ｇｙ，照射３４～３６次，６８～７２周。所有病例均随访５年以上。生存曲线按寿命表法计算后绘制，经ｌｏｇ－ｒａｎｋ检验。结果２个组生存曲线比较：面颈联合野组高于非面颈联合野组（Ｐ〈０．０５）；无复发生存曲线比较：面颈联合野组显著高于非面颈联合野组（Ｐ〈００１）。咽旁茎突后区受侵，面颈联合野放射治疗的生存曲线明显高于非面颈联合野（Ｐ〉００５）；单纯茎突前区受侵的病人，面颈联合野与非面颈联合野放射治疗的生存曲线差异无显著意义（Ｐ〉００５）。非面颈联合野组发生１例放射性颈脊髓损伤，２个组急性和慢性放射损伤差异无显著意义。结论对鼻咽癌咽旁受侵的病人宜选用面颈联合野放射治疗。     

Parapharyngeal Schwannoma

Tumours of the parapharyngeal space are rarely encountered in routine practice. The commonest among them are salivary gland tumours followed by neurogenic tumours. The first case of parapharyngeal neurilemmoma was reported in 1933 by Figi. In a series of 73 lesions over 15 years experience Maran et al (1984) report only one case of Schwannoma of the parapharyngeal space. Because of the rarity of the tumour we report a case of Schwannoma of the parapharyngeal space, for clinical interest.     

Imaging of parotid gland primitive neuroectodermal tumor

A seven-years-old boy presented with recurrent episodes of right parotid gland swelling that was presumptively being treated as sialoadenitis. Interrogation with ultrasonography, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneous mass occupying the right parapharyngeal space, imperceptibly merging with adjoining parotid gland, scalloping the vertical ramus of the mandible and involving the base skull with widening of the foramen ovale. The findings at surgery and histopathology provided a final diagnosis of parotid gland primitive neuroectodermal tumor. This report emphasizes on the imaging findings of this rare tumor occurring in such an unusual location.