翼状胬肉手术中自体角膜缘干细胞移植与生物羊膜移植的对比

目的观察翼状胬肉手术中自体角膜缘干细胞移植与生物羊膜移植的效果。方法72例（84眼）翼状胬肉随机分为自体角膜缘干细胞移植组（A组）和生物羊膜移植组（B组）。术中首先进行翼状胬肉切除,之后分别进行自体角膜缘干细胞移植或生物羊膜移植。随访6～24个月。结果A组术后角膜上皮平均于（3．19±0．65）d愈合,B组术后角膜上皮平均于（6．22±1．35）d愈合,（P〈0．05）。A组术后1眼复发,复发率为2．38％,B组术后3眼复发,复发率为7．14％（P〉0．05）。结论自体角膜缘干细胞移植与生物羊膜移植均能降低翼状胬肉术后复发率,其中自体角膜缘干细胞移植更易于角膜创面愈合。     

丝裂霉素C局部贴敷辅助自体角膜缘结膜移植术治疗翼状胬肉

目的探讨术中局部使用丝裂霉素c贴敷能否进一步提高自体角膜缘结膜移植术治疗原发及复发翼状胬肉的效果。方法将2005年至2009年在天津医科大学总医院眼科门诊确诊为翼状胬肉的114例患者（134眼）按随机数字表法分为A、B2组。A组59例70眼（原发63眼,复发7眼）,采用翼状胬肉切除联合自体角膜缘结膜移植术,并于术中局部使用0．02％丝裂霉素C：B组55例64眼（原发57眼,复发7眼）,采用同样手术方法,但术中不使用丝裂霉素C。比较2组术后角膜上皮生长情况、翼状胬肉复发率、视力及术后并发症。患者平均随访时间（23．3＋8．6）个月（12～65个月）。数据采用独立样本t检验和卡方检验。结果A组病例角膜上皮生长时间平均为（4．0±0．8）d,略长于B组的（3．4±0．6）d（t=3．71,P〈0．05）。2组翼状胬肉复发率均为3％（X2=0．008,19〉0．05）。A组术后视力不变或提高者为74％,B组为65％（X。=1．301,P〉0．05）。术后并发症主要包括角膜上皮延迟愈合,角膜缘结膜植片松脱,角膜缘小凹形成,结膜上皮下囊肿等。A组并发症发生率为6％,B组为5％（X。=0．071,P〉0．05）。结论术中局部应用丝裂霉素C对于自体角膜缘结膜移植术治疗原发及复发翼状胬肉的辅助作用有限．而且可能引起角膜上皮延迟愈合等并发症。     

不同浓度丝裂霉素 C对 LASEK 术后疗效的影响

目的：比较高度近视患者在准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术（ LASEK）中分别使用不同浓度丝裂霉素C（MMC）的效果。方法对52例（104只眼）行LASEK的高度近视患者,分成A、B、C三组,三组术中分别使用0．005％、0．01％、0．02％浓度的MMC棉片覆盖激光切削后的基质床。观察术后裸眼视力、角膜上皮愈合时间及角膜上皮下混浊（ Haze ）的形成情况。结果在术后裸眼视力和Haze形成方面：A组与B组、C组分别比较差异均有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）;B组与C组比较差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）;在角膜上皮愈合时间方面：C组与A组、B组分别比较差异均有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）;A组与B组比较差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）。结论 LASEK术中采用0．01％MMC可以有效抑制Haze的形成,恢复术后良好视力,且不会明显延迟角膜上皮愈合。     

部分永久性睑缘缝合术治疗持续性角膜上皮缺损27例

目的 探讨部分永久性睑缘缝合术治疗持续性角膜上皮缺损的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析2004年1月至2007年4月于山东省眼科医院行部分永久性睑缘缝合术治疗的持续性角膜上皮缺损患者27例(27眼).27眼角膜上皮缺损持续时间均超过7 d,其中,板层角膜移植术后植片上皮缺损11眼,穿透性角膜移植术后植片上皮缺损10眼,热烧伤及化学伤角膜上皮缺损4眼,暴露性角膜炎角膜上皮缺损2眼,所有患者均经药物、羊膜移植或角膜缘干细胞移植术等治疗.结果 行部分永久性睑缘缝合术后,荧光素钠染色显示角膜上皮愈合情况,除l眼外,26眼角膜上皮完全愈合,治愈率为96.3%,愈合时间为术后3～14 d,平均为6 d.除2眼睑缘愈着处患者自行挣裂外,余眼睑切口接合处愈合良好,无其他并发症发生.结论 对于单纯应用药物、羊膜移植或角膜缘干细胞移植术等不能控制的持续性角膜上皮缺损.行部分永久性睑缘缝合术.可以达到治愈的效果.     

自体角膜缘上皮移植和羊膜移植治疗翼状胬肉107例

目的：比较自体角膜缘上皮移植和羊膜移植治疗翼状胬肉的疗效。方法：随机将翼状胬肉患107例117眼分为A组53例57眼采用自体角膜缘上皮移植术;B组54例60眼采用羊膜移植术。术后随访3a,比较两组的治愈情况,视力及角膜散光度。结果：A组55眼治愈,复发率3．6％;B组55眼治愈,复发率8．3％,两差异无显意义。术前后视力及角膜散光度差异有显性(P＜0．05)。结论：采用自体角膜缘上皮移植与羊膜移植治疗翼状胬肉疗效满意。     

羊膜联合自体角膜缘上皮移植重建严重碱烧伤的兔眼表面

目的 探讨利用甘油保存的人羊膜联合自体角膜缘上皮移植,在重建严重碱烧伤后眼表面中的作用。方法 将右眼被碱严重烧伤的新西兰白兔20史20眼随机分为3组：甲组6眼,单纯角结膜病灶切除;乙组7眼,联合羊膜移植;丙组7眼,联合羊膜及自体角膜缘上皮移植。结果 术后乙组14－18天（平均14．20天）、丙组6－8天（平均7．60天）角膜表面上皮完全覆盖,二者在术后临床愈合过程中差异有显著性（P＜0．05）,抑制新生血管的作用丙组优于乙组。结论 人羊膜联合角膜上皮移植重建角膜基底膜和角膜缘部结构治疗碱烧伤后的角结膜损伤是一种合理有效的治疗方法。     

翼状胬肉撕离联合不同角膜缘干细胞移植

目的比较翼状胬肉撕离联合自体游离结膜瓣角膜缘十细胞移植及带蒂结膜瓣角膜缘干细胞移植治疗翼状胬肉的临床疗效。方法91例（97眼）翼状胬肉随机分为A、B两组．A组45例（47眼）行翼状胬肉撕离联合白体游离结膜瓣角膜缘干细胞移植术;B组46例（50眼）行翼状胬肉撕离联合带蒂结膜瓣角膜缘干细胞移植术。术后随访6～30月,比较两组术后角膜缘干细胞植片存活及翼状胬肉复发情况。结果A组5眼移植片脱落,B组植片无脱落,（X2=5．31,P〈0．05）。A组6眼翼状胬肉复发,复发率为12．76％;B组巾1眼复发,复发率仅为2．00％;（X2=5．20,P〈0．05）。结论翼状胬肉撕离联合带蒂角膜缘干细胞移植术,植片存活率高,翼状胬肉复发率低。     

手术切除联合自体血清滴眼液治疗翼状胬肉的疗效观察

目的观察翼状胬肉切除术后局部滴用自体血清滴眼液对创面修复的临床疗效。方法治疗组翼状胬肉16眼采用单纯翼状胬肉切除术联合局部滴用自体血清滴眼液治疗,对照组翼状胬肉16眼采用单纯翼状胬肉切除术治疗。结果治疗组术后3d时自觉症状明显减轻,2周时11眼充血完全减退;对照组4d时畏光、流泪开始减轻,2周时6眼充血完全减退。角膜上皮平均修复时间治疗组（3．34±1．52）d与对照组（4．45±1．49）d相比差异有统计学意义（t=2．09,P〈0．05）。治疗组术后11眼视力有提高,对照组4眼视力提高,两组对比差异有统计学意义（χ^2=5．24,P〈0．05）。治疗组1眼复发,对照组2眼复发,两组均无感染。结论翼状胬肉切除术后局部应用自体血清滴眼液可缩短角膜上皮的修复时间,减少了复发和感染机会。自体血清滴眼液制作简单,患者耐受性好。     

羊膜移植或联合自体角膜缘移植治疗翼状胬肉

目的观察单纯羊膜移植与联合自体角膜缘移植治疗翼状胬肉的疗效。方法将翼状胬肉85例（93眼）随机分成两组，A组44例（45眼）行羊膜移植术，B组41例（48眼）行自体角膜缘移植联合羊膜移植术。术后平均随访2年，比较两组的治愈情况及复发率。结果A组有4眼复发，其中有3眼是复发性翼状胬肉，复发率8．89％（4／45）。B组仅1眼复发，复发率为2．08％（1／48）。两组复发率差异有统汁学意义（P〈0．05）。结论自体角膜缘移植联合羊膜移植术有利于翼状胬肉术后的眼表重建，临床疗效优于单纯羊膜移植术。     

两种角膜缘切口白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术后角膜前后表面高阶像差的影响

目的：探讨2．2 mm、3．0 mm两种角膜缘切口白内障超声乳化吸出术联合人工晶状体植入术后角膜前后高阶像差的变化情况。方法回顾性分析我院72例（130只眼）白内障患者根据治疗方法不同分为A组（2．2 mm切口）和B组（3．0 mm切口）各36例患者,分别于术前、术后3个月测量两组患者的角膜前后表面的高阶像差[总的高阶像差（ tHOAs）、慧差（ Coma）、初级球差（ SA）]的变化情况。结果 A组、B组患者手术前、手术后3个月组内、组间角膜前表面的tHOAs、Coma、SA测定值差异均无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）;A组患者术后3个月的角膜后表面SA值较术前显著的提高（ P ＜0．05）,B组患者术后3个月的角膜后表面tHOAs值较术前显著提高（ P ＜0.05）;A组患者术后3个月角膜后表面的SA值大于B组（ P ＜0．05）,B组患者术后3个月的角膜后表面tHOAs值显著高于A组（ P ＜0．05）。结论2．2 mm、3．0 mm两种角膜缘切口白内障超声乳化吸出术联合人工晶状体植入术后角膜前表面高阶像差变化不显著,角膜后表面的高阶像差指标会受到一定程度的影响,这可能与手术质量具有一定的关系。     

Konservative und chirurgische Therapie der neurotrophen Keratopathie

Neurotrophic keratopathy is one of the most challenging conditions among the disorders of wound healing of the ocular surface. In addition to bilateral assessment of corneal sensitivity, tear status and lid function must be analyzed and treated by unpreserved artificial tears and adequate lid surgery. Further conservative treatment options include hyaluronic acid and dexpanthenol as well as autologous serum. Application of recombinant growth factors (especially NGF) represents an interesting perspective. Concerning surgical interventions, temporary or permanent occlusion of the lacrimal punctum may be accompanied by lateral tarsorrhaphy which is easy to perform, potentially reversible, and in most cases successful. Depending on the type of wound healing disorder amniotic membrane transplantation may be helpful either as basal membrane transplant (graft) or as a patch, or in combination (sandwich). A tectonic keratoplasty a chaud should typically be combined with a simultaneous amniotic membrane patch and/or a lateral tarsorrhaphy to avoid persistent epithelial defects.     

高浓度自体血清滴眼治疗眼表疾病

目的：探讨100%浓度自体血清滴眼治疗眼表疾病的疗效。 方法：回顾性分析因各种原因引起的持续角膜上皮缺损或溃疡35例35眼,经常规的药物治疗或联合羊膜移植或板层角膜移植治疗后效果不佳,采用100%浓度自体血清治疗2～6wk,观察其症状及角膜上皮修复情况。 结果：患者35例35眼中,治愈率34.3%,好转率40.0%,无效率25.7%。在病毒性角膜炎和神经营养性角膜炎中治愈率和好转率均为47.6%,95.2%的患者角膜上皮和溃疡在滴用100%自体血清1mo修复。未发生感染及不良反应。 结论：100%浓度自体血清滴眼治疗眼表疾病是安全有效的,可明显促进角膜上皮的修复,对于病毒性角膜炎和神经营养性角膜炎引起的持续角膜上皮缺损或溃疡疗效更佳。     

Amniotic membrane transplantation in refractory neurotrophic corneal ulcers: a randomized, controlled clinical trial

PURPOSE: This study was designed to compare and evaluate the efficacy of amniotic membrane transplantation with the conventional management (tarsorrhaphy and bandage contact lens) in eyes with refractory neurotrophic corneal ulcers. METHODS: Thirty eyes of 30 patients (14 females and 16 males) with neurotrophic corneal ulcers refractory to medical management were included and divided randomly into group 1 (n = 15), who received conventional management with a tarsorrhaphy (n = 11) or bandage contact lens (n = 4), and group 2 (n = 15), who underwent Amniotic Membrane Transplantation. The outcome parameters evaluated were epithelialization time, duration of healing of corneal ulcers, and improvement in best corrected visual acuity. RESULTS: The mean age in our study was 37 +/- 14.71 years. At the end of 3 months follow-up, 10 of 15 patients (66.67%) in group 1 showed complete epithelialization and subsequent healing and 11 of 15 patients (73.33%) in group 2 showed complete epithelialization and healing (P > 0.05). The median time for complete epithelialization was 21 days in both groups. Both groups showed an improvement in the best-corrected visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Both amniotic membrane transplantation and conventional management (tarsorrhaphy or bandage contact lens) are effective treatment modalities for refractory neurotrophic corneal ulcers.     

Single and multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation for persistent corneal epithelial defect with and without stromal thinning and perforation

AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in persistent corneal epithelial defect with or without stromal thinning and corneal perforation. METHODS: 28 patients (28 eyes) with persistent corneal epithelial defect unresponsive to medical treatment were given preserved human amniotic membrane transplants. The patients were divided into three groups: group A, persistent corneal epithelial defect 10 eyes; group B, epithelial defect with stromal thinning 13 eyes; and group C, corneal perforation five eyes. AMT was performed using one layer in group A and multilayers in group B and C. The causes of persistent epithelial defect were neurotrophic keratopathy (24 eyes), limbal deficiency (six eyes), exposure keratopathy (four eyes), and Mooren's ulcer (one eye). RESULTS: Success was noted in 82.1% (23/28 eyes) in all groups, with 80% (8/10 eyes), 84.6% (11/13 eyes), and 80% (4/5 eyes) in groups A, B, and C respectively, with a mean follow up of 10.9 months (1-30 months). The mean epithelialisation time after AMT was 2.1 weeks. The healing times of groups B and C are also significantly shorter than group A (p=0.017 and 0.018, respectively). Corneal stromal thickness was significantly increased in all cases in groups B and C (p=0.006). Those with corneal perforation in group C were completely healed by multilayer AMT. There was no difference in the epithelialisation time between successful cases treated by a single operation (17 eyes) or repeated operation (six eyes). Vision improved in 18.9% (8/28 eyes) and worsened as a result of cataract formation in 2.3% (1/28 eyes). Failure was noted in 17.9% (5/28 eyes), because of corneal infection (two eyes), neurotrophic keratopathy with and without limbal deficiency (two eyes), and intractable corneal perforation (one eye). No patient developed major immediate postoperative complications or graft rejection. CONCLUSION: Amniotic membrane can successfully treat refractory corneal epithelial defect by promoting epithelial healing and thus prevent corneal perforation. It can be used as a treatment for corneal perforation by restoring corneal stromal thickness so that emergency penetrating keratoplasty can be avoided.     

Neurotrophic keratopathy--a post-LASIK case report

BACKGROUND: Neurotrophic keratopathy is a degenerative affection of the cornea caused by impairment of corneal sensitivity and represents a therapeutic challenge for ophthalmologists. The present article concentrates on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapeutic aspects and future therapeutic models for treating neurotrophic keratopathy and will present a case report: Also we evaluate the effects of autologous serum eye drops in bilateral LASIK-induced neurotrophic keratopathy with epithelial breakdown revealed by positive fluorescence and rose bengal staining and reduced tear film break-up time. METHODS: We treated a 42-year-old patient with post-LASIK neurotrophic keratopathy and tear film instability with autologous serum eye drops (5 x daily) and emulsion eye drops (Refresh Endura, Allergan, Irvine, CA, USA) after insertion of punctal plugs. RESULTS: Stabilization of vision, healing of the epithelium and reduction of the previously experienced symptoms like redness, itching and burning were achieved within 6 weeks. 10 months after changing therapy, the patient only complained about slight pain during lid movement. CONCLUSIONS: Severe denervation after bilateral LASIK disrupts ocular tear film dynamics and causes irritation symptoms of the ocular surface. Autologous serum eye drops may be an effective treatment of severe epithelial breakdown and be helpful to reestablish the disturbed ocular surface integrity, as shown by negative vital staining. Therefore, autologous serum eye drops represent a significant approach in the therapy of LASIK-induced severe dry eye and associated pain.     

Lateral tarsorrhaphy: is it preferable to patching?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of lateral tarsorrhaphy for the management of postkeratoplasty epithelial defects. METHOD: Thirty-six patients with persistent postkeratoplasty epithelial defects that did not heal despite topical medical therapy for a period of 96 hours were treated with either a lateral tarsorrhaphy (18 patients) or with tight patching (18 patients). All patients were evaluated daily by slit-lamp examination until complete reepithelialization occurred. RESULTS: The epithelial healing was significantly faster (7.61+/-0.91 days vs. 12.6+/-1.61 days, p<0.5) in the lateral tarsorrhaphy group. Further, the patients with lateral tarsorrhaphies were significantly more comfortable when compared with those of the patching group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Lateral tarsorrhaphy provides quick symptomatic relief and faster corneal epithelial defect healing. Therefore, it may be of benefit in cases of postkeratoplasty persistent epithelial defects.     

复发性翼状胬肉切除联合角膜缘干细胞移植术或羊膜移植术的疗效比较

目的:观察显微镜下复发性翼状胬肉患者自体角膜缘干细胞移植术与羊膜移植术后疗效比较。方法:将复发性翼状胬肉患者90例96眼随机分为A,B两组,A组40例42眼行胬肉切除联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植;B组50例54眼行胬肉切除联合羊膜移植,观察术后患者自觉症状,角膜愈合情况,角膜缘处结膜组织愈合情况,新生血管及2a内胬肉组织增生情况。结果:角膜缘干细胞移植组治愈39眼(93%),复发3眼(7%);羊膜移植组治愈48眼(89%),复发6眼(11%),两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.0456,P>0.05)。角膜创面平均愈合时间角膜缘干细胞移植组为(4.12±1.08)d,羊膜移植组(7.38±1.12)d,两组比较有显著性差异(t=4.307,P<0.05)。结论:角膜缘干细胞移植与羊膜移植均效果良好,复发率低,但角膜缘干细胞移植术具有角膜创面上皮愈合快,患者不适感随之消失较快的优点,值得临床推广。     

Delayed healing of corneal epithelium after phototherapeutic keratectomy for lattice dystrophy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the time period necessary for complete epithelial healing after phototherapeutic keratectomy (o-PTK) carried out for various superficial corneal opacities. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A total of 197 eyes were divided into 9 groups: group 1, Cogan dystrophy including recurrences (n = 15); group 2, Reis Bucklers dystrophy including recurrences (n = 12); group 3, granular dystrophy including recurrences (n = 63); group 4, lattice dystrophy including recurrences (n = 19); group 5, macular dystrophy including recurrences (n = 10); group 6, herpetic scars (n = 5); group 7, corneal scars of nonherpetic origin (including scrofulous, traumatic, central keratoconus, post-pterygium surgery) (n = 31); group 8, Salzmann nodular degeneration (n = 22); and group 9, miscellaneous (such as bullous keratopathy, acute chemical burn, corneal degeneration) (n = 20). After o-PTK, patients were examined daily at the slit lamp using fluorescein and blue light. The time period necessary for complete healing of the epithelial defect was compared among these groups. Delayed healing was considered where the epithelium was not closed after 7 days. RESULT: One hundred sixty-one eyes (95%) healed within 7 days. Overall, 63%, 80%, and 85% of epithelial defects were closed within 3, 4, and 5 days, respectively. Out of 9 eyes that had delayed healing, 6 eyes (67%) belonged to lattice dystrophy category. Mean time taken for healing in group 4 (8.6 +/- 8.4 days) was significantly longer than those in group 1 (3.0 +/- 1.5 days, P = 0.009), group 2 (3.7 +/- 3.1 days, P = 0.03), group 3 (3.1 +/- 1.5 days, P = 0.001), group 5 (2.7 +/- 0.8 days, P = 0.01), group 7 (3.6 +/- 2.4 days, P = 0.007), group 8 (3.3 +/- 1.3 days, P = 0.009), and group 9 (3.0 +/- 1.9 days, P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Eyes with lattice corneal dystrophy suffered from delayed epithelial healing after o-PTK. In addition to adequate counseling, these patients should be followed up closely until complete closure of the epithelium to avoid ulceration, scarring, or even infection. These eyes might need additional treatment such as hyaluronic acid drops, autologous serum drops, simultaneous amniotic membrane patching, or even temporary lateral tarsorrhaphy.     

Amniotic membrane transplantation for severe neurotrophic corneal ulcers

AIMS: To evaluate whether amniotic membrane transplantation can be an effective alternative treatment for neurotrophic corneal ulcers. METHODS: Amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in 16 eyes of 15 patients with neurotrophic corneal ulcers and vision equal to or worse than 20/200. The neurotrophic state was developed following keratoplasty (four eyes), herpes zoster ophthalmicus (four eyes), diabetes mellitus (four eyes), radiation (two eyes), removal of acoustic neuroma with neuroparalysis (one eye), and herpes simplex keratitis (one eye). RESULTS: During a mean follow up period of 18.8 (SD 13.0) months, one to three layers of amniotic membrane with or without additional membrane as a patch were used for 17 procedures in 16 eyes for persistent neurotrophic corneal ulcers. All but four (76.4%) instances of amniotic membrane transplantation achieved rapid epithelialisation in 16.6 (9.0) days. Of the four eyes showing delayed healing, three eyes healed by tarsorrhaphy, and the remaining one eye with corneal perforation required penetrating keratoplasty and tarsorrhaphy. Two eyes gained vision better than 20/200. The healed corneal surface was accompanied by reduced inflammation. CONCLUSION: Amniotic membrane transplantation can be considered an effective alternative for treating severe neurotrophic corneal ulcers.     

Tarsorrhaphy: clinical experience from a cornea practice.

PURPOSE: To evaluate indications, success rate, and complications of tarsorrhaphy in a cohort of cornea and external disease patients. METHODS: In this study, charts of patients who underwent tarsorrhaphies from January 1, 1995, to September 30, 2000, were retrospectively evaluated. Information reviewed included patient age and sex, indication for tarsorrhaphy, duration of signs and symptoms before tarsorrhaphy, time to epithelial healing after tarsorrhaphy, type of tarsorrhaphy (temporary/permanent), complications, timing of tarsorrhaphy removal, recurrence of signs and symptoms after complete or partial opening of the tarsorrhaphy, number of tarsorrhaphies needed to be replaced or extended, and duration of follow up. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients were included in this study. Indications for a tarsorrhaphy were persistent epithelial defects or other ocular surface problems associated with neurotrophic ulcers, penetrating keratoplasty (PK), postinfection, exposure keratopathy, surgery other than PK, dry eye syndrome, radiation keratopathy, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, entropion, and application of tissue adhesive. The epithelial defects in 70 (90.9%) of the 77 eyes completely resolved. Overall, the mean duration of signs and symptoms before tarsorrhaphy was 89.8 +/- 27.8 days, and time-to-healing after tarsorrhaphy was 18.0 +/- 2.0 days. The difference between the duration of the signs and symptoms before tarsorrhaphy and time-to-healing after tarsorrhaphy was statistically significant ( p = 0.01). Of the 77 tarsorrhaphies, 24 (31.2%) were temporary and 53 (68.8%) were permanent. Complications after tarsorrhaphy included trichiasis, adhesion between upper and lower lids after tarsorrhaphy lysis, premature opening of the temporary tarsorrhaphy, pyogenic granuloma, and keloid formation of the eyelid. CONCLUSION: Tarsorrhaphy is a very effective and safe procedure in the management of nonhealing epithelial defects and other surface problems, with a 90.9% success rate and only minor complications.