2018年山东省肥城市户籍居民主要恶性肿瘤死亡及减寿分析

摘 要：［目的］ 分析2018年肥城市户籍居民主要恶性肿瘤的死亡特征及对人群寿命的影响。［方法］ 2018年肥城市户籍居民全死因登记资料和人口资料由肥城市疾病预防控制中心提供,计算主要恶性肿瘤的死亡率、去死因期望寿命、潜在减寿年数等指标,采用2010年全国第六次人口普查数据进行标化。［结果］ 2018年肥城市居民恶性肿瘤的死亡居全死因第2位,死亡率为223.99/10万,标化死亡率为154.47/10万,男性恶性肿瘤的死亡率高于女性,恶性肿瘤的死亡率随年龄的增加而增加（χ2趋势=246.05,P<0.05）;主要恶性肿瘤死亡前5位依次为肺癌、食管癌、胃癌、肝癌和女性乳腺癌;2018年肥城市居民的期望寿命为78.76岁,去除恶性肿瘤死亡后期望寿命增加3.35岁,影响期望寿命增加的前5位主要恶性肿瘤依次是肺癌、食管癌、肝癌、胃癌和女性乳腺癌;恶性肿瘤造成的潜在减寿率为24.05‰,平均潜在减寿年数为12.26年,主要恶性肿瘤中潜在减寿率较高的是肺癌、食管癌、肝癌、胃癌和女性乳腺癌,平均潜在减寿年数最大的是白血病。［结论］ 全人群中肺癌、食管癌、胃癌和肝癌,女性人群中的乳腺癌、少儿中的白血病对寿命影响较大,应针对不同恶性肿瘤死亡的特点采取有效措施进行防控。     

江苏省居民2012年恶性肿瘤死亡率和潜在减寿分析

摘 要：［目的］ 评价2012年江苏省恶性肿瘤的死亡情况和其所致寿命损失特征,为慢性病防控工作提供重要信息。［方法］ 2012年江苏省恶性肿瘤死亡信息来自常规死因监测资料,通过计算死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在减寿年数和潜在工作年数损失分析主要恶性肿瘤的疾病负担和人群分布特征。［结果］ 2012年江苏省因恶性肿瘤死亡133 352例,占总死亡人数的28.81%。恶性肿瘤死亡率和标化死亡率分别为197.24/10万和114.65/10万,肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝癌和结直肠癌是前5位恶性肿瘤,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的75.54%。恶性肿瘤所致PYLL和标化PYLL分别为801 297年和596 306年,所致PYWLL和标化PYWLL分别为511 343年和405 256年,导致PYLL和PYWLL前5位恶性肿瘤依次为肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、食管癌和白血病。［结论］ 呼吸系统癌和消化系统癌是全人群的主要恶性肿瘤死因,乳腺癌是女性居民的重要死因。因此应针对这些癌种高死亡负担人群开展综合防治措施。     

2014 ~ 2018 年成都市双流区恶性肿瘤潜在减寿年数及去死因期望寿命分析

目的：分析 2014～2018 年成都市双流区恶性肿瘤死亡情况及其对居民寿命的影响,为该区恶性肿瘤防控提供科学依据。方法：分析 2014～2018 年成都市双流区肿瘤登记处收集的恶性肿瘤死亡资料,计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在减寿年数（potential years of life lost,PYLL）、潜在减寿率（potential years of life lost rate,PYLLR）、去死因期望寿命。结果：2014～2018 年双流区恶性肿瘤粗死亡率、中标死亡率、世标死亡率分别为 173.84/10 万、123.30/10 万、121.62/10 万,男性死亡率高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。死亡前五位癌种分别是肺癌、食管癌、肝癌、结直肠癌和胃癌。2014～2018 年间恶性肿瘤所致的潜在减寿年数为 48259 人年（男 32 020.5 人年,女 16 238.5 人年）,PYLLR为 17.20‰（男 22.20‰,女 11.90‰）。男性恶性肿瘤 PYLL 高于女性,差异有统计学意义（Z = 15.000,P < 0.05）。潜在减寿年数前五位的恶性肿瘤分别为肺癌、肝癌、食管癌、结直肠癌和胃癌。2014～2018 年间该区居民期望寿命为80.02 岁,男性 77.12 岁,女性 81.91 岁。去除恶性肿瘤死因后期望寿命增值为 3.74 岁。结论：双流区恶性肿瘤疾病负担较重,对居民期望寿命影响严重。应重点防治肺癌、食管癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和女性乳腺癌。     

主要恶性肿瘤对山东省居民寿命的影响

目的 :探讨主要恶性肿瘤对山东省居民寿命的危害。方法 :利用减寿年数和减寿率分析指标对山东省 1990～ 1992年全死因调查中的肿瘤死亡资料进行分析。结果 :山东省恶性肿瘤减寿年数(PYLL)及减寿率男性最高依次为肝癌、胃癌、肺癌 ;女性依次为胃癌、白血病和肝癌。食管癌、胃癌、肝癌及肺癌男性寿命损失量明显高于女性。肺癌和食管癌PYLL及减寿率城乡之间存在显著性差异。结论 :肝癌、肺癌及胃癌是我省需要重点防治的恶性肿瘤     

宜昌市近30年女性恶性肿瘤减寿分析

[目的]研究宜昌市近30年女性居民恶性肿瘤减寿病因的变化。[方法]按照国际疾病分类法ICD-9编码，应用潜在减寿年数(PYLL)和平均减寿年数(AYLL)等指标分析常见恶性肿瘤对寿命的危害程度。[结果]宫颈癌标化死亡率、标化：PYLL呈下降趋势。乳腺癌AYLL、标化PYLL呈上升趋势。至20世纪90年代末期，肺癌标化死亡率居第一位，肝癌PYLL率居第一位。[结论]肝癌、肺癌和乳腺癌应成为宜昌市女性居民恶性肿瘤防治的重点。     

泰州市2010年居民恶性肿瘤死亡及减寿年数分析

[目的]分析泰州市2010年居民恶性肿瘤死亡情况及对人群寿命的影响.[方法]利用死因监测系统收集泰州市居民2010年死亡资料.对2010年的恶性肿瘤死亡资料进行分析,计算死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在减寿年数、减寿率、平均减寿年数等指标.[结果] 2010年泰州市恶性肿瘤死亡率为245.56/10万,标化死亡率为154.05/10万,占全死因构成比的38.10％.恶性肿瘤死亡率男性显著高于女性,男、女性别比为1.77∶1,且随年龄增长呈上升趋势.发病前5位依次为食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、结直肠癌.恶性肿瘤死亡造成居民潜在减寿年数(PYLL)为57 989人年,减寿率为11.74‰,平均减寿年数(AYLL)为5.47年,其中肝癌的潜在减寿年数最高.[结论]泰州市恶性肿瘤呈高发状态,其中食管癌、肝癌、胃癌为主的消化道肿瘤县严重危害当地居民健康最主要的恶性肿瘤,应作为防治重点.     

2010-2012年山东省监测点居民恶性肿瘤死亡及减寿分析

目的 通过分析2010-2012年山东省居民恶性肿瘤死亡及减寿情况,为开展恶性肿瘤的防治提供有效的科学依据。方法 通过计算死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在减寿年数、减寿率和平均减寿年数等指标进行分析。结果 恶性肿瘤死亡率为170.93/10万,标化死亡率为147.22/10万;居民恶性肿瘤死亡的前5位,依次是肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、结直肠癌;恶性肿瘤合计的潜在减寿年数（PYLL）为240 474人/年,减寿率（PYLLR）为1.61‰,平均减寿年数（AYLL）为20.71年。PYLLR排在前5位的依次是肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌和白血病。而AYLL前5位则是白血病、脑恶性肿瘤、乳腺癌、淋巴癌和肝癌。结论 肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌和结直肠癌是对山东省居民危害最大的恶性肿瘤,乳腺癌是女性恶性肿瘤死亡的重要原因,应有针对性的开展防治工作,提高人群的生存质量。     

江苏省江阴市居民2012年恶性肿瘤疾病负担分析

[目的]分析2012年江阴市恶性肿瘤的死亡流行特征及疾病负担,为恶性肿瘤防治提供科学依据.[方法] 2012年江阴市恶性肿瘤死亡信息来自常规死因监测资料,通过计算死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在减寿年数(PYLL)、标化潜在减寿年数(SPYLL)、潜在减寿率(PYLLR)、平均减寿年数(AYLL)、潜在工作减寿年数(PYWLL)等指标,分析主要恶性肿瘤的疾病负担和人群分布特征.[结果] 2012年江阴市因恶性肿瘤死亡2643例,占总死亡人数的31.22％.恶性肿瘤死亡率和标化死亡率分别为218.31/10万和121.49/10万.前5位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌和结直肠癌.前10位恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的86.72％.恶性肿瘤所致PYLL和SPYLL分别为16 311年和11 389年,所致PYWLL和SPYWLL分别为10 141年和7660年,导致PYLL前5位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌和结直肠癌.[结论]呼吸系统肿瘤和消化系统肿瘤是全人群的主要恶性肿瘤死因.因此,应针对这些癌种高死亡负担人群开展综合防治措施.     

杭州市居民2010~2012年恶性肿瘤疾病负担分析

[目的]分析2010~2012年杭州市恶性肿瘤的死亡流行特征及疾病负担,为肿瘤防治提供科学依据。[方法]收集2010~2012年杭州市居民病伤死亡原因报表、采用死亡率、潜在减寿年数(YPLL)、标化潜在减寿年数(SYPLL)、潜在减寿率(YPLLR)、标化潜在减寿年数(SYPLLR)等指标对杭州市恶性肿瘤死亡数据进行分析。[结果 ]2010~2012年杭州市总死亡人数120944例,其中死于恶性肿瘤36227例,占全部死因的29.95%。恶性肿瘤死亡率为180.76/10万(标化死亡率106.70/10万),死亡率居于前5位的恶性肿瘤分别为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和食管癌。2010~2012年杭州市居民全死因PYLL为522217人年,其中恶性肿瘤PYLL为227702.5人年,占全死因的43.60%。[结论]肺癌和消化道恶性肿瘤是杭州市居民肿瘤死亡的重要原因。     

2000-2010年肥城市农村居民恶性肿瘤死亡及减寿分析

目的 分析肥城市农村居民2000-2010年恶性肿瘤死亡趋势及对居民健康的危害程度,为肥城市恶性肿瘤防治工作提供依据.方法 利用肥城市农村居民2000-2010年恶性肿瘤登记报告资料,计算恶性肿瘤死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在减寿年数、标化潜在减寿年数、潜在减寿率、平均潜在减寿率、平均减寿年数等指标,运用Prais-Winsten一阶自回归模型对恶性肿瘤死亡率的自然对数转换值进行分析.采用Stata 12.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 2000-2010年肥城市农村居民恶性肿瘤粗死亡率为199.67/10万,其中男性为264.69/10万,女性为137.24/10万;标化死亡率为157.00/10万,其中男性为200.49/10万,女性为101.31/10万.各标化死亡率无明显时间趋势变化.2000-2010年肥城市农村居民男性肺癌、男性结直肠癌、女性肺癌、女性乳腺癌标化死亡率均呈上升趋势(均P＜0.05),女性食管癌标化死亡率呈下降趋势(P＜0.05).2000-2010年肥城市农村居民恶性肿瘤潜在减寿年数为183 685.0人年,标化潜在减寿年数为153091.0人年,潜在减寿率为23.3‰,标化潜在减寿率为19.4‰,平均减寿年数为14.8年.结论 肥城市农村居民恶性肿瘤标化死亡率近1 1年来变化趋势不明显.男性肺癌、男性结直肠癌、女性肺癌、女性乳腺癌标化死亡率呈上升趋势,女性食管癌标化死亡率呈下降趋势.消化系统肿瘤、肺癌和女性乳腺癌是肥城市恶性肿瘤监测和控制的重点.     

Role of acidosis-sensitive microRNAs in gene expression and functional parameters of tumors in vitro and in vivo

Background: The acidic extracellular environment of tumors has been shown to affect the malignant progression of tumor cells by modulating proliferation, cell death or metastatic potential. The aim of the study was to analyze whether acidosis-dependent miRNAs play a role in the signaling cascade from low pH through changes in gene expression to functional properties of tumors in vitro and in vivo.Methods: In two experimental tumor lines the expression of 13 genes was tested under acidic conditions in combination with overexpression or downregulation of 4 pH-sensitive miRNAs (miR-7, 183, 203, 215). Additionally, the impact on proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, necrosis, migration and cell adhesion were measured.Results: Most of the genes showed a pH-dependent expression, but only a few of them were additionally regulated by miRNAs in vitro (Brip1, Clspn, Rif1) or in vivo (Fstl, Tlr5, Txnip). Especially miR-215 overexpression was able to counteract the acidosis effect in some genes. The impact on proliferation was cell line-dependent and most pronounced with overexpression of miR-183 and miR-203, whereas apoptosis and necrosis were pH-dependent but not influenced by miRNAs. The tumor growth was markedly regulated by miR-183 and miR-7. In addition, acidosis had a strong effect on cell adhesion, which could be modulated by miR-7, miR-203 and miR-215.Conclusions: The results indicate that the acidosis effect on gene expression and functional properties of tumor cells could be mediated by pH-dependent miRNAs. Many effects were cell line dependent and therefore do not reflect universal intracellular signaling cascades. However, the role of miRNAs in the adaptation to an acidic environment may open new therapeutic strategies.     

Expression of thrombomodulin in astrocytomas of various malignancy and in gliotic and normal brains

Summary A total of 22 surgical specimens, 16 astrocytomas with various malignancy, 3 brains adjacent to tumor and 3 brains with non-neoplastic lesion, was investigated immunohistochemically for the expression of thrombomodulin (TM). This membrane protein is localized on the vascular endothelium of nearly every human tissue and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of antithrombotic property of the endothelial cells. Although the normal cerebral vessels were negative for TM, the tumor vessels were positive for TM. The increased expression of TM was, however, demonstrated not only in glioblastomas but also in low-grade astrocytomas. Furthermore, the vessels in the brains adjacent to tumor and gliotic brains were also positive for TM. Those observations suggested that the tendency of intratumoral bleeding, which is rather characteristic of glioblastomas, is not simply explained by the altered expression of vascular endothelial TM. In two cases of glioblastoma, not only the blood vessels but also the tumor cells were positive. Considering the mitogenic activity of thrombin, a ligand for TM, the increased expression of TM might be related to the tumor neovascularization and also the tumor growth.     

The role of alcohol in oral and pharyngeal cancer in non-smokers, and of tobacco in non-drinkers

Data from a hospital-based case-control study of oral and pharyngeal cancer conducted in Northern Italy were used to analyse the risk associated with alcohol in non-smokers and with tobacco in non-drinkers. Out of a total of 336 cases (291 males and 45 females) and 1,652 controls (1,272 males and 380 females) 27 cases and 572 controls described themselves as lifelong non-smokers. Odds ratios (ORs) were 1.5 for 14-55 vs. 0-13 alcoholic drinks per week and 2.2 for 56 or over; the trend in risk was statistically significant. Among 19 cases and 213 controls who described themselves as non-drinkers, the ORs were 3.8 and 12.9 for smokers of less than 15 and greater than or equal to 15 cigarettes per day, with a highly significant trend. This study therefore confirms that tobacco has an independent role in the aetiology of oral and pharyngeal cancer, and suggests that alcohol may have an independent role as well, even where, as in Northern Italy, wine is its predominant source. Indeed, ORs were similar to those for tobacco and alcohol individually, each adjusted for the other factor, in the overall data-set.     

Nitrate and nitrite in saliva and urine of inhabitants of areas of low and high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand

Cholangiocarcinoma is one of the main liver diseases in northeast Thailand. Associations with exposure to liver fluke and N-nitrosodimethylamine in formation of the tumour have been demonstrated in animals. This study was carried out to compare possible endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds in inhabitants of areas with low and high incidences of cholangiocarcinoma by examining the levels of nitrate and nitrite in their saliva and urine. Thirty-two subjects (16 males and 16 females) living in the north-east (high incidence) and 12 volunteers (6 males and 6 females) in Bangkok (low incidence) were allowed to take regular meals, and their saliva and urine were collected before, and 30, 60 and 120 min after each meal. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations in saliva of the group in the high-incidence area were significantly higher than those of the group in Bangkok: salivary nitrate was 2-2.8 times higher and nitrite 2-5.6 times higher in the north-eastern group when compared with levels at each corresponding time interval in the low-incidence group. Nitrate levels in urine were also significantly higher in the north-eastern group at some time intervals, but urinary nitrite levels were similar and very low in both groups throughout the day. This finding may indicate a greater possibility of in-vivo formation of N-nitroso compounds in the north-east area than in Bangkok and might be associated with the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma in north-east Thailand.     

Synergistic anti-cancer effects of immunotoxin and cyclosporin in vitro and in vivo

Background:

The clinical use of immunotoxins (ITs) has been hampered by hepatotoxicity, and the induction of a strong human-anti-IT response. The human-anti-IT response results in neutralisation of the immunoconjugates, rendering repetitive treatment inefficacious.

Methods:

We evaluated the combination of cyclosporin A (CsA) with various Pseudomonas exotoxin A-based ITs in human breast, cervical, and prostate cancer cell lines measured by protein synthesis, cell viability, and TUNEL assay. Furthermore, expression of essential proteins were analysed by western blot. We used cervical cancer model in nude rats to evaluate the anti-metastatic effect of the combination. The anti-immunogenic response by the CsA treatment was investigated in immunocompetent rats.

Results:

The combination of CsA with ITs caused remarkable synergistic cytotoxicity, in several cancer cell lines, characterised by protein synthesis inhibition, decreased cell viability, and an increased apoptotic index. Furthermore, the combination strongly inhibited formation of metastases in a cervical cancer model in nude rats with a statistically significant increase in median survival time of the combination-treated animals, as compared with those receiving a suboptimal dose of IT alone. Notably, we found in immunocompetent rats that the anti-IT immunoresponse elicited by repeated administration of IT was efficiently abrogated by CsA; notably the antibody responds towards the highly immunogenic PE was shown to be prevented.

Conclusion:

The combination of ITs and CsA might constitute a significant improvement in the clinical potential of systemic IT treatment of cancer patients.