成人甲型H1N1病毒感染性肺炎胸部影像表现

目的:探讨甲型H1N1流感的胸部影像表现.方法:回顾性分析15例临床确诊的甲型H1N1流感患者的成人胸部X线和CT的影像征象.结果:甲型H1N1流感胸部成人平片或CT表现为单侧或双侧弥漫性磨玻璃影5例,实变密度影3例,弥漫性磨玻璃、实变同时存在7例.结论:甲型H1N1流感病变成人患者肺部影像最常见的是双肺外围的弥漫性磨玻璃阴影和实变影.     

15例新型甲型H1N1流感肺炎患者胸部CT及X线表现

目的探讨新型甲型H1N1流感肺炎患者胸部CT及X线表现,以提高诊断准确性。方法回顾分析15例新型甲型H1N1流感肺炎患者胸部CT和X线资料,研究病变影像学特点、部位、数目及演变。结果肺实变13例,磨玻璃9例,支气管气像6例,胸腔积液4例,胸膜增厚3例,纵隔内见多发淋巴结5例,轻症组与重症及危重症组之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05);肺实变及磨玻璃病变部位:双肺多叶10例,单肺单叶5例,轻症组与重症及危重症组之间有统计学差异(P<0.05);肺实变及磨玻璃经治疗后吸收、减轻11例、未见变化2例、加重2例,轻症组和重症及危重症组之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论新型甲型H1N1流感肺炎患者胸部CT和X线表现以肺实变和磨玻璃改变为主,伴胸膜及淋巴结异常等多种表现。     

甲型H1N1流感重症患者3例的胸部影像分析

目的:探讨并发肺部感染的甲型H1N1流感患者的胸部影像表现,提高对本病的认识。方法:回顾分析本院确诊的3例甲型H1N1流感患者的胸部X线、CT表现。结果:3例均累及所有肺叶的多个肺段,表现为大片状阴影、楔形阴影、小斑片影、网格状影及磨玻璃影,胸膜增厚及淋巴结反应性增生常见,1例并发纵隔气肿。结论:本文3例甲型H1N1流感患者的胸部影像表现均以不同范围的肺实变为主,均累及多肺叶多肺段,间质也可受累。     

重症甲型H1N1流感肺炎的影像学表现

目的探讨重症甲型H1N1流感肺炎的影像学表现。方法对经确诊的29例重症甲型H1N1流感肺炎的胸部X线表现及CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果重症甲型H1N1流感肺炎的胸部X线表现为两肺野斑片状密度增高的实变影16例,磨玻璃样阴影11例,两肺间质改变、肺纹理增粗2例。结论重症甲型H1N1流感肺炎主要的胸部影像学表现为两肺支气管周围和胸膜下非对称性、多发斑片状实变影及磨玻璃样阴影。     

甲型H1N1流感的CT征象分析

总结分析甲型H1N1流感(甲流)的影像特征。方法回顾性分析36例甲流疑似住院患者的胸部X线片和CT资料。结果甲型H1N1病毒核酸分离检测(+)病例29例中,胸部X线片或CT呈阴性8例;合并肺炎21例,11例伴胸水。轻度7例表现为肺纹理增粗模糊或中心性小结节,或伴胸膜下轻度间质性炎症;中度6例表现为沿肺纹理或胸膜下多发小叶性补丁状斑片影,可伴空气支气管征的肺段性实变;重度8例表现为两肺弥漫性斑片影融合,伴两下肺实变。甲型H1N1病毒核酸分离检测(-)病例7例中3例出现酷似甲流的胸膜下斑片影,4例节段性实变。结论甲型H1N1流感性肺炎具有较特征CT征象,但胸膜下斑片影并非特异表现,单纯节段性实变常不考虑甲流。     

重症甲型H1N1流感肺炎的CT动态改变

目的:研究重症甲型H1N1流感患者的肺部CT表现的动态改变.方法:回顾性分析经确诊的9例重症甲型H1N1流感患者的一系列胸部CT资料.结果:起病1周内,9例CT平扫均发现双肺斑片状、磨玻璃密度影,合并胸腔积液1例.发病后1～2周病变变化迅速,在磨玻璃密度影内出现结节2例;7例病变开始吸收;胸膜增厚2例.出院前CT检查,...     

甲型H1N1流感胸部X线和CT表现

目的:探讨甲型H1N1流感肺部X线和CT表现。方法:298例经咽拭子血清学证实的甲型H1N1流感病例,回顾性分析常规胸片及部分胸部常规CT。结果:轻型或普通甲流270例,大部分表现正常215例,肺纹理增粗39例,肺叶内小斑片影16例。重症及危重症病例28例,多数为肺实质的渗出性病变,磨玻璃影12例,边缘模糊的实变影16例。结论:重症及危重症甲型H1N1流感的X线表现具有一定的特征性,影像学诊断甲型H1N1流感时,结合病史有利于与其他疾病的区别。     

甲型H1N1流感胸部CT表现与分析

目的探讨甲型H1N1流感胸部CT表现及临床意义。方法回顾性分析33例甲型H1N1流感住院患者的胸部CT影像表现。结果33例甲型H1N1流感胸部CT表现为斑片影33例（100％）,磨玻璃样改变19例（57．6％）,间质性改变21例（63．6％）和实变3例（9．1％）。双肺受累29例（87．9％）,单肺受累4例（12．1％）,其中中下肺受累为主28例（84．8％）,胸膜下受累24例（72．7％）。胸腔积液6例（18．2％）,伴有其他肺部病变8例（24．2％）。结论重型甲型H1N1流感常累及肺部,以双中下肺受累多见。CT以渗出性改变为主。     

重症甲型H1N1流感肺炎的胸部CT表现分析

目的:评价胸部CT对重症甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎的诊断价值?方法:回顾性分析22例甲型H1N1流感重症患者临床及影像资料,对初始期?进展期?消散期患者的临床表现及X线胸片与CT的影像学变化进行分析?探讨?结果:重症甲型H1N1流感胸部CT主要表现为双肺磨玻璃样密度阴影?斑片影及肺实变,双侧弥漫性分布,中下肺野为著,病程初始期肺外带及肺门周围首先受累,病变范围随病程进展扩散至全肺,病灶密度进行性增加,至病程后期趋于消散,同时合并纤维条索影进行性增多,可见胸膜反应?不同时期的胸部CT表现与临床病程存在相关性?结论:相比X线平片,胸部CT显示病变具有独特优势,可用于评价重症甲型H1N1流感的病程进展,对治疗方案的选择有一定的参考价值?     

甲型H1N1流感肺炎胸部CT表现

目的探讨甲流相关肺炎胸部CT表现特征,提高对该疾病的影像学认识。方法回顾分析41例甲流相关肺炎胸部CT特征。结果甲流肺炎的胸部CT病变形态包括磨玻璃状阴影（n=37,90%）,实变（n=12,29%）,单侧肺受累（n=6,15%）,双肺受累（n=35,85%）,主要分布于中下肺（n=37,90%）,肺野中外1/3及胸膜下（n=39,95%）。没有发现肺门或纵膈淋巴结肿大患者。结论甲型H1N1流感肺炎胸部CT以磨玻璃阴影及实变为主,单或双侧中下肺多见,主要累及肺野中外1/3及胸膜下。     

甲型H1N1肺炎的影像学特征

目的 探讨甲型H1N1病毒所致肺炎的影像学特征。方法 回顾性分析27例经实验室证实的甲型H1N1肺炎患者的胸部X线及CT影像学表现。结果 按照甲型H1N1病毒肺炎的受累面积,将27例患者按初诊时肺部的影像改变程度分为轻、中、重度3种类型。轻度者10例,表现为散在分布的、斑片状磨玻璃样阴影;中度者9例,表现为双肺散在分布的、多发片状实变阴影及结节影,5例合并胸腔积液,并伴有轻、中度代偿性肺气肿;重度者8例,表现为双肺大片实变阴影伴有空洞,其中2例合并霉菌球,3例伴有支气管扩张,4例合并纵隔及胸壁皮下气肿,均伴有双侧胸腔积液及中、重度肺气肿。6例死亡病例中,1例为轻度肺炎恶化死亡,1例为中度肺炎转化为重度肺炎后死亡,其他4例为重度肺炎病例。结论 甲型H1N1肺炎表现为多肺段受累的磨玻璃样变和实变,重度者常伴有空洞、支气管扩张、胸腔积液、纵隔皮下气肿及霉菌感染,死亡率高。     

Influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia: an analysis of 63 cases by chest CT

Background  In early April 2009, cases of human infection with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus were identified in Mexico. The virus then spread rapidly to other regions of the world. From October 2009, sporadic imported cases of novel influenza A (H1N1) were continuously confirmed in Suzhou. The aim of the study was to review the chest CT findings in 63 patients with laboratory-confirmed novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) infection.

Methods  Chest CT examinations were collected from 63 S-OIV infected patients during their hospital stay. Three experienced radiologists inspected images to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize S-OIV induced image changes. CT scores of lesion severity were calculated based on the percentage of affected area to determine severity of infectious lesions. Patients were divided into two groups based on the leukocyte counts. Lesion patterns, local distributions, and quantitative measures were investigated and compared between the two groups.

Results  Various degrees of bilateral multifocal lesions of ground-glass opacities were found with or without consolidations on the chest CT images. The lesions were both bronchocentric and centrilobular. Patients with elevated leukocyte counts had more extensive lesions, in terms of severity and affected area, than the patients with normal leukocyte counts. The lesion severity scores of patients in the elevated leukocyte group were significantly higher than those of the normal leukocyte group in terms of the entire lung area (P <0.01), and upper (P <0.05) and lower (P <0.01) lobes as well. There were changes in the CT characteristics seen at follow-up as demonstrated by lesions absorption (P <0.01), especially in the upper lobe of the lung (P <0.01), but less so in the middle lobe/lingual and lower lobe of the lung (P >0.05).

Conclusions  The most common CT findings in S-OIV infection patients were bilateral multifocal distributed ground-glass opacities and consolidations. The lesions were located dominantly at bronchocentric and centrilobular areas. Lung lesions were more obviously absorbed in upper lobes between two examinations. The observations and analysis from this study provide information that may be useful in image understanding and patient management for future pandemic influenza.

     

甲型H1N1流感重症患者的临床及影像学特点

目的 探讨甲型H1N1流感（甲流）危重症病例的影像学特征及其临床特点。方法 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院2009年12月—2010年2月共收治13例重症甲流确诊患者,其中男性10例,女性3例;年龄24~59岁,中位年龄50岁。回顾性分析患者的临床症状、实验室检查结果、影像学资料、治疗措施及预后。结果 所有患者均以发热、咳嗽为主要症状。实验室表现为白细胞数量下降,尤其是淋巴细胞数量减少,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平升高。胸部X线片及CT检查主要表现为两肺多发散在斑点或团片状模糊影,部分可融合呈大片状实变影。予以抗病毒、糖皮质激素、抗生素等综合支持治疗后,11例好转,1例并发真菌感染,1例死亡。结论 甲流危重病例的影像学表现为肺叶或间质炎症浸润,病情重、进展快,可导致死亡,早期识别并及时给予积极治疗可取得较好的疗效。     

Early X-ray and CT appearances of severe acute respiratory syndrome：an analysis of 28 cases

Objective To study the early X-ray and CT findings of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).Methods Chest radiography and CT were performed in 28 patients with SARS within one to three days after onset of the disease. CT examinations included conventional spiral CT and high-resolution CT (HRCT). The radiographic and CT findings of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results Abnormal CT findings were noted in all the patients, but abnormal chest radiographic findings in 17 cases (60.7%, 17/28). CT showed single small focal patchy opacities in 23 patients (82.1%, 23/28), including oval ground-glass opacities in 20 patients, Iobular distribution ground-glass opacities in 2 and small patchy consolidation in one. Multi-focal ground-glass opacities were found in 2 patients and extensive opacities in three. In the 28 patients, a total of 31 lesions were found in the upper (7, 22. 6%), middle (3, 9.7%) ,and lower lobes (21, 67. 7%). The diameter of the lesions ranged from 20 to 35 mm.Conclusion The dominant feature of early SARS patients is focal patchy opacity in the lung, and oval small ground-glass opacities are the common morphological findinns an CT.     

甲型H1N1流感相关性肺炎的胸部CT表现及随访观察

目的探讨甲型H1N1流感相关性肺炎的CT表现及其鉴别诊断意义。方法通过回顾分析19例确诊为甲型H1N1流感相关性肺炎患者的胸部CT资料,观察其病变的形态、分布和伴随征象等。由2名医生独立观察完成。结果胸部CT表现:双侧磨玻璃影7例,单侧实变影1例,双侧磨玻璃影并实变影11例。双侧分布18例,单侧分布1例。胸膜下分布为11例,中央性分布为主2例,弥漫性分布为主4例,随机分布为2例。合并胸腔积液7例,其中双侧4例,单侧3例。合并细网状影6例。结论甲型H1N1流感相关性肺炎患者的胸部CT征象具有一定的特点,结合病史及实验室检查在一定程度上可以与其他疾病进行鉴别。     

重症甲型H1N1流感并肺炎的临床和影像学特点分析并文献复习(附39例病例报道)

目的 探寻新型重症甲型H1N1流感的发病规律,积累诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析中南大学湘雅二医院2009年甲型H1N1流感病房收治的诊断为重症甲型H1N1流感并肺炎的39例患者的临床和影像学特点,并结合文献复习.结果 发病年龄2岁11月～57岁.既往有基础疾病的患者11例(28.2％),肥胖症1例(2 6％),妊娠4例(10.3％).起病均有流感样症状(100％),10( 25.6％)例出现活动后气促.血气分析提示4例为I型呼衰,3例为低氧血症.胸部影像学表现主要为毛玻璃样模糊阴影的背景下,有局部散在、片状的高密度影,既有急性肺间质改变的表现,又有局灶肺实变的表现,但几乎未见典型的大叶性肺炎影像学改变.39例均为确诊病例.入院后立即给予奥司他韦抗病毒治疗,37例病例痊愈,2例患者死亡.结论 年龄较大(大于60岁)的人群中发生重症甲流的病例很少,孕妇在此次甲型H1N1流感病毒流行中感染后较易发展为重症;重症主要并发肺炎,以双下肺野分布的磨玻璃样模糊阴影为其典型的影像学表现;发病时间超过48小时仍不应放弃奥司他韦抗病毒治疗.     

Sixty-two severe and critical patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) in Shanghai, China

Background Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) emerged rapidly in China in May 2009. Preliminary comparisons with seasonal influenza suggest that pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) disproportionately affects younger ages and causes generally mild disease. To characterize disease progress, comorbidities, and treatment outcomes among consecutive severe and critically ill patients in a hospital served as a reference center for the care of patients with H1N1 in Shanghai,China.Methods A retrospective study on 62 severe and critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) was conducted in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. Demographic data, symptoms, comorbidities, disease progression, treatments,and clinical outcomes were collected for analysis.Results Sixty-two severe or critically ill patients were admitted to the hospital with confirmed 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection. The median age of the study cohort was 40 years old with a range from 18 years to 75 years, and 67.7% were males. All patients presented with fever and respiratory symptoms. At presentation, 34 patients (54.8%) had comorbidities such as smoking (29.0%), hypertension (29.0%) and hepatitis B virus infection (9.7%). The median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was 6 days (interquartile-range 3-14 days) and 23 critically ill patients were admitted to Intensive Care Unit after admission. All the patients received neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltaminir), while 60 patients (96.7%) were treated with antibiotics, and 39 (62.9%) with corticosteroids. Twenty-three critical cases received noninvasive mechanical ventilation on the first day of admission, and 3 of them ultimately required invasive ventilation.Four death reports (6.5%) were filed within the first 14 days from the onset of critical illness with the primary causes of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypoxemia, or complications, secondary infection and sepsis,pyopneumothorax and stroke.Conclusions Severe illness from 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection in Shanghai occurred among young individuals. Critical cases were associated with severe hypoxemia, multisystem organ failure, and a requirement for mechanical ventilation. Most patients had a good prognosis.     

Human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A （H7N9） virus： serial chest radiographic and CT findings

Background Rapidly progressive pneumonia infection with H7N9 virus is a novel disease,and limited information is available concerning serial chest radiographic and computed tomography （CT） findings.The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in serial radiologic findings in patients with H7N9 pneumonia.Methods The two institutional ethics review boards approved this retrospective study.This study included 10 patients with H7N9 pneumonia.All patients underwent chest radiologic examinations at different time points.Serial radiologic images were systematically analyzed.Results All patients showed abnormal results on initial chest radiography and CT.The initial radiographic abnormalities were unilateral （n=9） and bilateral （n=1）,including ground-glass opacities （GGOs） （n=5） and consolidation （n=5）.The initial CT findings consisted of unilateral （n=6） and bilateral （n=4）,including consolidation （n=10）,GGOs （n=10）,reticular opacities （n=2）,and pleural effusion （n=3）.Follow-up radiologic findings showed rapid development of consolidation or GGOs within two weeks after illness onset.Pneumomediastinum with secondary subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax were noted in two patients.Follow-up high resolution computed tomography （HRCT） after two weeks showed slow improvement in both size and opacity of the lesions.On HRCT after discharge,patients had substantial residual lesions such as irregular linear opacities,reticular opacities,parenchymal bands,traction bronchiectasis,and cystic lesions.Conclusions The most common radiologic findings at presentation are multifocal or diffuse areas of consolidation and GGOs in H7N9 pneumonia.HRCT in sequence can show more changes in rapid progression of disease and a slow decrease of both size and opacity of the lesions plays an important role in the evaluation of H7N9 pneumonia.