X线平片、多层螺旋CT三维重建及MRI对神经性关节病比较影像诊断

目的:旨在探讨X线、CT及MRI对神经性关节病的比较影像诊断。方法:对20例神经性关节病患者的影像学表现进行回顾性分析。所有患者均行X线检查,9例行CT检查(其中7例行CT三维重建检查),6例行MR检查。结果:神经性关节病表现为增生及吸收2型;X线及二维CT特点:增生型关节骨质增生硬化,部分伴有骨膜新生骨及骨赘形成,关节间隙变窄、积液,内见小骨片;吸收型关节处骨质崩解、吸收,残端呈刀削样改变。上述2型均见软组织不同程度肿胀,其内可见小骨片,关节脱位或半脱位畸形。CT三维重建(3D)除具备上述X线及二维CT影像表现外,还可从多角度、多方位显示病变立体空间结构,明确关节腔及周围软组织内碎骨块位置、大小、形态及具体数目。MRI可清楚显示关节周围软组织肿胀及其内部异常信号影;关节腔内长T2信号积液范围较X线、CT显示更为清晰。结论:X线是神经性关节病的首选诊断方法;CT三维重建有助于对病变的立体改变详细了解,对治疗有指导意义;MRI对软组织结构改变显示良好,是对X线及CT检查的重要补充。     

黏多糖病患者神经系统CT及MRI表现

目的 分析黏多糖病(mucopolysaccharidosis,MPS)患者神经系统CT和MRI表现,探讨其对MPS诊断和不同类型MPS鉴别的意义. 资料与方法 回顾性分析24例MPS患儿中枢神经系统的CT和MRI表现.11例行头颅加脊柱MRI,5例行头颅MRI,4例行CT检查,2例行头颅MRI及MRA,1例行头颅MRI及CT检查,1例行颈部MRI. 结果 Ⅰ-H型6例,Ⅰ-S型1例,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅲ型1例,Ⅳ型5例,Ⅵ型9例,Ⅶ型1例.舟状头3例,脑室扩张5例,脑萎缩4例,脑室旁脑白质、放射冠及胼胝体筛网状改变13例,室旁斑片状长T2信号11例,枕骨大孔狭窄,脊髓受压10例,其中1例髓内示异常长T2信号,双侧颞极蛛网膜囊肿3例,寰枢椎畸形7例. 结论 MPS患者中枢神经系统的CT及MRI表现有一定的特征,对临床诊断MPS和鉴别不同类型MPS有帮助.     

青少年重度脊柱侧凸的影像学评价

目的:探讨青少年重度脊柱侧凸的影像学诊断价值。材料和方法:65例重度脊柱侧凸患者行X线平片、CT、MR I检查。结果:65例脊柱侧凸,X线平片显示主弯术前平均Cobb角102.3,°术后平均Cobb角48.4;°CT测量椎弓根平均深度47mm、椎弓根横径平均6.6m,椎管内纵行骨嵴10例。MR I检查发现脊髓异常26例。结论:青少年重度脊柱侧凸需要进行手术治疗,综合影像学检查可以提供全面的影像资料,为术前诊断提供有用的信息;术后复查根据需要选择X线平片、CT。     

螺旋CT及MRI对先天性脊柱侧弯的应用价值

目的 探讨CT及MRI对先天性脊柱侧弯患者全脊柱畸形的应用价值.方法 比较3组共59例先天性脊柱侧弯患者在脊柱全貌、顶椎及脊髓3方面的显示率,第1组25例于脊髓造影后5～6 h后行全脊柱三维CT重建,第2组20例仅行全脊柱三维CT重建,第3组14例仅行MRI检查.结果 第1组25例在脊柱全貌、顶椎及脊髓显示方面满意度均为100%;第2组20例在显示脊柱全貌、顶椎方面满意度为100%,脊髓显示的满意度为40%;第3组14例脊柱全貌显示满意度为21.4%、顶椎显示满意度为42.8%,脊髓显示满意度为71.4%.结论 对先天性脊柱侧弯患者术前影像学检查中,与磁共振及单纯CT检查相比较,CT全脊柱重建结合CTM能更全面了解脊柱畸形及脊髓异常.     

Tim技术MR全脊柱成像方法及其临床应用

目的:研究Tim(Total image matrix)技术磁共振全脊柱成像的方法及其诊断脊柱及脊髓病变的临床价值。材料和方法:采用西门子Avanto 1.5T超导磁共振成像系统,Tim线圈、自动移床及无缝连接技术,以不同线圈组合行二组成像方法比较,探讨扫描方式的优选应用。对85例可疑脊柱及脊髓病变者行全脊柱成像,并对病变局部行高分辨力成像。结果:63例二步法约10min内完成全脊柱T1WI和T2WI检查,图像质量优良率为96.8%,22例三步法约20min完成检查,图像质量优良率为77.3%;85例中MRI全脊柱成像显示15例正常,46例脊柱病变,24例脊髓病变。结论:二步法明显缩短了扫描时间,图像质量较好,更适用于MRI全脊柱扫描;Tim线圈、自动移床及无缝连接技术MR全脊柱成像解决了大范围、高分辨力的脊柱成像难题,对脊柱、脊髓多发性、弥漫性病变的诊断有较大价值。     

椎动脉型颈椎病的CT和MR成像

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT和磁共振成像对椎动脉型颈椎病的诊断价值。方法:随机抽取CT检查和MRI检查显示异常患者各30例,30例全部行颈部MRI和MRA检查;30例行CTA检查。结果:MRA及CTA均显示椎动脉变细、扭曲、局限性狭窄、闭塞或走行失常等改变;但显示骨质结构CT优于MRI检查;MRI无射线损伤。结论:MRA与MRI联合应用及多层螺旋CTA检查均是诊断椎动脉型颈椎病较为理想的检查手段。     

骶骨发育不全的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨小儿骶骨发育不全的CT和MRI表现,以及CT和MRI对本病的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析19例骶骨发育不全的CT和MRI表现.男8例,女11例.全部患儿行MRI检查,6例同时行螺旋CT检查.结果:19例患儿根据残存骶骨的形态分为3型,Ⅰ型9例,Ⅱ型9例,Ⅲ型1例.有10例合并上段脊柱的畸形;18例合并脊髓畸形,其中12例伴随脊髓栓系.另有6例合并肾脏畸形,2例合并神经源性膀胱.结论:螺旋CT、MRI联合应用能全面、准确地显示骶骨发育不全患儿骶骨、脊髓、神经根及合并的其他畸形,具有很高的应用价值.     

儿童颈椎外伤性无骨折脱位脊髓损伤--附22例报告

目的 :探讨儿童颈椎外伤性无骨折脱位与脊髓损伤的相关性。方法 :2 2例儿童颈椎外伤性脊髓损伤患者 ,均经X线前屈、后伸摄片 ,6例行断层摄片、16例行CT检查、8例行MRI检查。结果 :2 2例脊髓损伤患者 ,均未见骨折脱位影像学变化、均经急救处置。结论 :儿童颈椎弹力性大 ,椎体之间不稳 ,易产生一过性脱位 ,并可造成椎管相对变窄 ,导致脊髓损伤。建议临床体征、CT和MRI检查对儿童颈脊髓损伤的诊断具有重要价值     

MRI在儿童脊髓损伤中的价值

为评价MRI在有急性亚急性脊髓损伤儿科病人中的作用,由三位神经放射专家回顾性复习了在6年期间疑有外伤性脊髓损伤的22例儿科病人的MRI资料。病人年龄8个月～18岁。18例有随访资料(平均于MRI检查后1.2年)。所有病人均作了X线检查;17例在伤后立即行CT扫描。MR检查在外伤后4小时～3周之间进行(平均60小时)。检查用1.5TMR扫描仪,使用标准脊柱线圈。所有病例均作T_1WI矢状和横断面成像、PD和T_2WI矢状面成像。6例以TR400ms,TE15ms、翻转角15°～20°,NEX的参数行梯度回波再聚焦成像。成像所见与记录的查体发现相对照。第一组12例病人有异常MRI表现。其中7N有脊髓内信号异常而诊为脊髓挫伤/水肿。     

脊髓亚急性联合变性的MRI影像学特征

目的 评价MRI在脊髓亚急性联合变性(SCD)诊断中的重要价值. 资料与方法 收集经临床确诊的24例SCD患者的MRI资料,所有患者均于确诊前接受脊柱MRI检查,其中5例行增强检查,4例于治疗后复查.分析影像学特点. 结果 24例SCD中18例出现髓内异常信号,阳性率为75%.主要位于颈胸段脊髓后索(12例)或侧索并后索(5例),呈对称性等或稍长T1、长T2信号;1例同时累及后索、侧索、前索和部分灰质后角;脊髓无明显肿胀;增强后有(2/5)或无强化效应(3/5);治疗后4例病变范围均显示减小,甚至消失. 结论 SCD具有一定特征性的MRI影像表现,MRI在早期诊断及观察疗效上具有重要价值.     

儿童隐性脊柱裂的MRI诊断

目的：总结儿童隐性脊柱裂的MR影像，提高对该疾病的诊断水平。方法：搜集1995-2002年经手术病理证实的36例儿童隐性脊柱裂脚资料，分析其MRI表现。结果：本组隐性脊柱裂包括原发性脊髓栓系综合征11例，硬膜下脂肪瘤9例，脊柱纵裂8例，皮毛赛6例，肠源性囊肿2例。结论：MRI是目前诊断儿童脊柱裂最有效的方法，但有其局限性，对于复杂的椎管畸形还须结合CT考虑。     

Three-dimensional computed tomography in the assessment of congenital scoliosis

Objective. Patients with congenital vertebral anomalies frequently are afflicted with kyphoscoliosis, with the curvatures often being severe and progressive. Spinal fusion almost always is the treatment of choice in such patients. This report examines the use of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) in the preoperative investigation of patients with congenital scoliosis. Design and patients. Twelve spinal CT examinations on 11 pediatric patients with congenital scoliosis underwent image processing to produce 3D images. The 3D images were compared with both the axial sections from the CT examinations and multiplanar reformations with regard to the detection of malformations liable to cause progression of scoliosis (i. e., hemivertebrae and unsegmented bars). Results and conclusions.In six of the 12 cases, the 3D images provided improved depiction of the congenital anomalies and their interrelationships compared with planar CT images. This work suggests that 3D CT can be a useful tool in the assessment of patients with congenital scoliosis. Received: 16 February 1999 Revision requested: 19 May 1999 Revision received: 10 June 1999 Accepted: 11 June 1999     

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children with Scoliosis

For many years, orthopaedic surgeons and radiologists have used plain-film radiography for diagnosis, treatment decision-making, and postsurgical evaluation of scoliosis. Recently, the direct visualization of the spinal canal and spinal cord became possible with the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which over a short period of time has become an indicated procedure in children with juvenile-onset idiopathic scoliosis and congenital scoliosis. Children with idiopathic scoliosis associated with neurologic findings on physical examination, with pain or rapid progression of the spine curvature are also being evaluated with MRI, especially if surgery for stabilization of the spine is planned. The use of MRI as a screening modality for all children with scoliosis is still controversial and further studies are needed to evaluate if the examination adds or changes the treatment of these patients.     

16层螺旋CT三维和多平面重组对儿童先天性脊柱侧弯的评价

目的 运用16层螺旋CT三维（3D）和多平面重组技术对先天性脊柱侧弯患儿进行评估，探讨此技术的优势和临床指导意义。方法 搜集2004年4至10月司27例先天性脊柱侧弯患儿的影像学资料，男13例，女14例，中位年龄3岁。27例均进行了X线片、16层螺旋CT容积3D、标准和曲面多平面重组技术。结果 10例患者有分节异常，6例患者有形成异常，11例患者有复杂的、无法分类的畸形。15例肋骨畸形中，肋骨畸形的主要部分和脊柱旋转在同水平的有7例。8例合并脊髓纵裂，其中6例有完全或不完全的骨性隔。27例中的19例患者，多平面重组和3D图像显示出在常规X线片和常规轴面图像中未发现和认知的畸形并且全面评估了脊柱侧弯的程度，包括11例复杂畸形中7例归类为无法分类的脊柱畸形，4例为单侧未分节的骨桥合并同侧半椎体畸形；4例清晰显示出单侧未分节的骨桥（3例）和双侧骨桥融合（1例）；2例发现了掩蔽的半椎体畸形；2例重新评估了半椎体的类型和数目；27例曲面多平面重组图像更好的显示了椎管形态和脊髓弯曲情况，6例清晰显示椎管内骨性隔的生长方式和形态；4例患者标准多平面重组更好的显示了颅底-C1-C2的解剖和畸形，尤其是颅颈联合部畸形。结论 16层螺旋CT3D和标准或曲面多平面重组图像是诊断先天性脊柱侧弯、分析复杂多发或隐蔽脊柱和肋骨畸形的首选方法，在评价儿童脊柱侧弯的进展、修订手术方案较常规平片和（或）常规CT更具优势和指导意义。     

Computed tomographic myelography in the investigation of childhood scoliosis and spinal dysraphism

The combined investigations of positive contrast myelography and computed tomographic (CT) myelography were performed on 53 consecutive children. Thirty-eight (72%) of these investigations were performed as a routine pre-operative procedure to identify occult spinal dysraphism in patients with childhood scoliosis; the remainder were because of the "orthopaedic syndrome", cervical radiculopathy, back pain and patients with clinical findings to suggest spinal dysraphism. In the 20 patients (38%) with idiopathic scoliosis, there was no case of spinal dysraphism and CT myelography provided no additional information to the myelogram. In the seven patients with spinal dysraphism the plain radiographic abnormalities identified were lumbar vertebral abnormalities (five), thoracic vertebral abnormalities (one), and sacral agenesis (one). Diastematomyelia was found in four patients, a low tethered cord and lipoma in two patients and a large lipoma in one patient. In all of these cases the myelogram indicated the intraspinal abnormalities; however, CT myelography provided more precise anatomical detail. We conclude that CT myelography is not indicated in the initial preoperative assessment of idiopathic scoliosis but should be reserved for patients with congenital or complicated scoliosis where the association with dysraphism is well recognised.     

Spinal osteoblastoma: relationship between paravertebral muscle abnormalities and scoliosis

 Objective. To illustrate the variety of paravertebral muscle abnormalities as seen on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in association with spinal osteoblastomas and correlate the findings with the presence of scoliosis. Design. In a retrospective study the clinical notes, plain radiographic, CT and/or MRI features were reviewed for the presence of scoliosis and paravertebral muscle abnormality (either inflammation or atrophy). Patients. Twelve patients (7 male, 5 female) with a mean age of 17 years were studied. Three lesions occurred in the cervical spine, five in the thoracic spine and four in the lumbar spine. Results and conclusions. Nine patients had scoliosis. All patients with a thoracic or lumbar lesion and scoliosis (n=8) had an associated abnormality of the paravertebral muscles (usually atrophy with fatty replacement). One patient with a lumbar lesion and no scoliosis had normal paravertebral muscles. One patient with a cervical lesion had thoracic scoliosis but no muscle abnormality in the cervical region, while two patients with cervical lesions and no scoliosis showed muscle abnormalities. The results support the clinical hypothesis that scoliosis in patients with spinal osteoblastoma is due to paravertebral muscle spasm, although this would not appear to be the case for cervical lesions.     

儿童先天性感音神经性聋的影像学评估

目的:研究先天性感音神经性聋(SNHL)患儿的颞骨影像,分析内耳畸形的发生率及其类型,了解内耳畸形与耳蜗神经发育的关系,探讨部分患者是否仅行CT检查即可而无需进行MRI检查.方法:回顾性分析101例临床拟诊先天性SNHL的儿童颞骨CT和MRI影像资料,观察其内耳、蜗神经的结构.101例中,95例为重度或极重度双侧性SNHL,6例为单侧性SNHL.结果:196例患耳中,内耳畸形66耳:耳蜗不发育3耳;耳蜗发育不良5耳;不完全分隔I型7耳,不完全分隔II型10耳;前庭导水管扩大24耳;蜗神经不发育或发育不良19耳.10耳内听道狭窄均伴有蜗神经畸形.单侧性聋的6例患者中,均有蜗神经畸形.130例CT示内耳正常者,MRI也示蜗神经正常.结论:影像学诊断先天性重度或极重度双侧性SNHL内耳畸形发生率(31.6%)较单侧性SNHL者(100%)低,较为常见的畸形是前庭导水管扩大和耳蜗畸形,内耳畸形严重程度与蜗神经发育异常的发生率有一定相关性;对于双侧性耳聋者,CT诊断有严重内耳畸形者必须行MRI扫描,以排除蜗神经发育畸形;CT示耳蜗结构正常且内听道无狭窄者可无需行MRI扫描;单侧性耳聋者必须同时行CT和MRI扫描.     

磁共振3D重建技术在脊柱侧弯中的应用

目的:探讨磁共振3D重建技术在脊柱侧弯中的应用价值。方法:对16例脊柱侧弯的患者,在磁共振扫描中,采用自旋回波T1WI及快速自旋回波T2WI序列,扫描完成后,将各序列分别进行3D重建,在1幅图像上显示整个脊柱及椎管内脊髓全貌。结果:16例均可在1幅图像上完整显示扭曲的脊柱及椎管内脊髓全貌,了解脊柱侧弯的程度,椎管内脊髓受压变形改变及脊髓内的病变和其完整的范围。结论:磁共振3D重建技术的应用,准确直观的诊断了脊柱畸形病变,对临床治疗和手术方案的制定有比较大的指导作用。     

Central nervous system tumors in children: detection by magnetic resonance imaging

Fifty-one pediatric patients who were suspected of having central nervous system (CNS) tumors underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using a 0.35 T Diasonics MT/S system. Pulse intervals (TR) ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 seconds with echo delays (TE) of 28 and 56 msec. The ability of MR and contrast-enhanced CT to detect focal lesions, determine lesion extent, and evaluate associated abnormalities was compared. In most patients in whom there was suspected spinal cord disease, comparison with myelography was made. Thirty-three intracranial lesions were detected with at least one imaging modality in 43 cranial examinations. MR was judged superior to CT in 14 of these cases and CT superior to MR in only one. Of eight spinal examinations, there were six that demonstrated abnormal findings. MR was superior to CT in all six cases and better than myelography in four of five cases where myelography was performed. Spin echo (SE) sequences with long pulse intervals were the most sensitive, but in some cases short pulse intervals permitted further characterization of the lesion. Patient motion was not a problem; sedation was routinely used in children younger than five years of age. MR imaging has rapidly become a valuable diagnostic modality in neuroradiology. The lack of ionizing radiation and the ability to evaluate the spinal cord noninvasively makes it particularly attractive in examination of children.     

急性颈椎外伤的MRI诊断

目的 分析急性颈椎外伤的MRI征象,评价MRI在急性颈椎外伤诊断中的价值及限度。方法收集急性颈椎外伤150例,均有MRI检查和X线平片,15例有CT片,采用14个参数进行分析记录。结果150例中MRI检出骨折51个,小关节脱位30个,椎体脱位35个;外伤性椎间盘突出40个,硬膜外血肿2例;脊髓损伤69例;脊髓受压迫20例;前、后纵韧带损伤21例;棘间韧带和黄韧带损伤15例;椎前血肿或水肿30例;椎旁和背侧软组织损伤40例;X线平片发现椎体骨折55个,椎体脱位35个;小关节脱位35例,附件骨折25个,椎前软组织肿胀20例。15例CT均发现骨折,小关节脱位,椎管狭窄。结论MRI在显示脊髓、韧带、椎间盘和软组织损伤方面优于CT和X线平片。MRI能全面反映颈椎各种损伤的病理特征,为评估颈椎稳定性提供充分的依据;MRI和X线片的骨折检出率没有明显差异,CT应该用于复杂的颈椎骨折检查。