开放微波消融联合椎体成形和钉棒系统内固定治疗胸腰椎转移瘤

目的:探讨开放微波消融联合椎体成形、钉棒系统内固定在胸腰椎转移性肿瘤治疗中的初步临床效果。方法:对2014年1月至2016年1月收治的12例胸腰椎转移癌行开放微波消融联合椎体成形、钉棒系统内固定治疗的患者进行回顾性分析,其中男6例,女6例;年龄30～75岁,平均55.6岁。转移癌类型:肺转移癌5例,乳腺转移癌2例,甲状腺转移癌2例,肾转移癌2例,肝转移癌1例。转移部位:胸椎转移癌7例,腰椎转移癌5例。Tomita预后评分主要集中在3～6分。脊髓神经功能按ASIA分级:C级3例,D级1例,E级8例。术前的VAS评分为8.3±0.4,术后1、3、6个月以及末次随访时采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价临床效果。结果:12例患者手术出血量500～2 050 ml,平均850 ml。手术时间3.5～5.5 h,平均4.5 h。术中无神经损伤病例。术后发生脑脊液漏3例,经保守治疗后自愈。切口浅表感染2例,经换药后愈合。肺部感染1例。无深部感染、下肢血栓等并发症。术后12例患者均获得随访,时间9～40个月,平均28.6个月。临床症状均有明显改善,下肢运动功能不同程度的恢复,ASIA分级2例C级恢复至D级,1例C级恢复不明显,1例D级恢复至E级。1例患者术后10个月死于原发性肝癌。随访期间1例患者局部肿瘤复发。术后第1、3、6个月以及末次随访时VAS评分分别为2.7±0.6、2.5±0.4、2.6±0.5、2.5±0.5,与术前比较明显改善(P0.05)。结论:开放微波消融联合椎体成形、钉棒系统内固定治疗胸腰椎转移瘤效果肯定,术中出血量较少、手术时间较短、术后疼痛缓解明显、肿瘤复发率低。     

超声引导下微波消融治疗肝转移癌38例

目的分析超声引导下微波消融治疗肝转移癌的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析肝转移癌患者超声引导下微波消融治疗38例患者共78个结节的局部疗效、并发症和远期生存率。结果消融术后肿瘤结节的完全消融率为93．6％（73／78）,局部复发率为6．8％（5／73）,未出现主要并发症。首次消融后患者的1、3、5年累计生存率分别为78．7％、53．6％、42．2％。结论微波消融是治疗肝转移癌安全、有效的手段。     

单纯椎板减压椎弓根螺钉内固定术与联合微波消融治疗脊柱转移瘤的疗效比较

目的:比较单纯椎板减压、椎弓根螺钉内固定术与联合应用病灶微波消融术治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床效果.方法:回顾性分析2017年1月～2020年1月四川大学华西医院及四川省第四人民医院收治的69例脊柱转移瘤伴病理性骨折患者的临床资料,男41例,女28例,年龄27～71岁(52.8±9.7岁),单椎体受累43例,两个及以上椎体受累...     

射频消融辅助开放手术姑息性治疗脊柱转移癌的近期临床疗效

目的:探讨射频消融辅助开放手术姑息性治疗脊柱转移癌的近期临床效果。方法:回顾性总结2012年4月~2015年1月接受射频消融辅助开放手术姑息性治疗的30例脊柱转移癌患者,其中男性17例,女性13例;年龄56±14岁(17~80岁);单纯胸椎17例,单纯腰椎9例,胸腰椎均受累4例;原发肿瘤包括肺癌6例,肾癌5例,肝癌、乳腺癌、多形性未分化肉瘤、前列腺癌、甲状腺癌各2例,其他脏器来源转移癌9例;患者均在后路开放手术过程中接受病灶射频消融。观测患者术中出血量、术后并发症、术后疼痛和神经功能恢复情况及肿瘤局部控制情况。结果:患者平均术中出血量1083±1193ml(250~5400ml),并发症包括脑脊液漏3例、无症状骨水泥渗漏2例、术后血肿形成1例、伤口感染1例,其中脑脊液漏患者经保守治疗后好转,硬膜外血肿行急诊血肿清除后神经功能恢复,伤口感染经清创后痊愈。患者术前平均疼痛VAS评分4.3分,术后1个月时平均1.3分,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0254),共计26例(86.7%)患者术后获得疼痛缓解。所有患者术后神经功能获得改善或保持稳定;平均随访10±8个月,随访期内3例患者脊柱原病灶部位出现进展。结论:射频消融辅助开放手术方式姑息性治疗脊柱转移癌,可以在手术创伤较小的前提下获得较低的并发症发生率、良好的疼痛和神经功能改善及满意的肿瘤局部控制效果。     

肝切除和微波消融治疗结直肠癌肝转移的效果比较

目的 比较肝切除和微波消融（microwave ablation,MWA）治疗结直肠癌肝转移（CRLM）的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2020年7月98例CRLM患者的临床资料,根据治疗方法不同分为2组,肝切除组31例,MWA组67例。MWA组共治疗105个病灶,其中特殊部位病灶36个,非特殊部位病灶69个。Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,Log-rank（Mantel-Cox）检验比较两组肿瘤复发率和生存差异。χ²检验比较两组消融不完全率,单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析消融不完全的危险因素。结果 随访截止2020年10月30日,中位随访时间38（4～94）个月。肝切除组中位肝内复发时间22（95%CI 13～49）个月,明显长于MWA组9（95%CI 6～12）个月（P＜0.001）。肝切除组中位生存时间为60（95%CI 33～86）个月,也明显长于MWA组36（95%CI 30～41）个月（P=0.040）。肝切除组和MWA组1、5年累积生存率无统计学差异（100% vs97%,χ² =0.945,P=1.000;36% vs 27%,χ²=0.437,P=0.508）。肝切除组3年累积生存率高于MWA组（74% vs 48%,χ² =6.013,P=0.014）。特殊部位组消融不完全率明显高于非特殊部位[33.3%（12/36）vs 15.9%（11/69）,χ² =4.183,P=0.041]。肿瘤直径≥3 cm、特殊部位、CEA≥200 ng/mL是消融不完全的危险因素,其中肿瘤直径≥3 cm是消融不完全的独立危险因素。结论 可切除性CRLM手术切除的疗效优于微波消融,直径大于3 cm的肿瘤不宜微波消融治疗。     

Percutaneous thermal ablation of primary and secondary lung tumors: Comparison between microwave and radiofrequency ablation

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare microwave (MWA) and radiofrequency (RFA) ablation in the percutaneous treatment of primary and secondary lung tumors.Material and methodsA total of 115 patients with a total of 160 lung tumors (primary, n = 41; secondary, n = 119) were retrospectively included. There were 56 men and 59 women with a mean age of 67.8 ± 12.7 (SD) years (range: 42–89 years) who underwent either MWA (61 patients; 79 tumors) or RFA (54 patients; 81 tumors). The primary study endpoints were local recurrence during follow-up and the incidence of complications during and following thermal ablation. The MWA and RFA groups were compared in terms of treatment efficacy and complication rates.ResultsDemographics were similar in the two groups. Mean tumor diameter was smaller in RFA group (13.1 ± 5.1 [SD] mm; range: 4–27 mm) than in MWA group (17.1 ± 8.3 [SD] mm; range: 5–36 mm) (P < 0.001). Ablation volumes at one month were 24.1 ± 21.7 (SD) cm³ (range: 2–97.8 cm³) in RFA group and 30.2 ± 35.9 (SD) cm³ (range: 1.9–243.8 cm³) in MWA group (P = 0.195). During a mean overall follow-up duration of 488 ± 407 (SD) days (range: 30–1508 days), 9/160 tumors (5.6%) developed local recurrence: six (6/79; 7.6%) in the RFA group and three (3/81; 3.7%) in the MWA group (P = 0.32). Pneumothoraces were more frequent in the RFA group (32/79; 40.5%) than in the MWA group (20/81; 24.7%) (P = 0.049). The mean length of hospital stay was 4.5 ± 3.7 (SD) days (range: 1–25 days) in the RFA group and 4.7 ± 4.6 (SD) days (range: 2–25 days) in the MWA group (P = 0.76).ConclusionsMWA favorably compares with RFA and can be considered as an effective and safe thermal ablation technique for lung tumors, especially in situations where RFA has limited efficacy.     

89锶治疗前列腺癌骨转移的疗效观察

目的：评价放射性核素^89锶(^89Sr)在前列腺癌骨转移中的治疗效果和不良反应。方法：观察31例前列腺癌骨转移患者使用^89Sr治疗后的止痛疗效、PSA变化、不良反应及血液学不良影响。结果：^89Sr治疗止痛总有效率为90．3％(28/31)．PSA均有下降；不良反应主要为轻度可逆性骨髓造血功能损害；^89Sr对肝肾功能及电解质无明显不良影响。结论：^89Sr治疗前列腺癌骨转移疼痛效果明显．对前列腺癌骨转移灶亦有治疗作用．是一种安全有效的方法。     

腹腔镜超声引导微波消融治疗原发性肝癌的疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜超声引导微波消融术治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效.方法:选取124例原发性肝癌患者,根据手术方式分为观察组(行腹腔镜超声引导微波消融术,n=62)与对照组(行经皮超声引导微波消融术,n=62),对比分析两组术中新发现病灶、术后并发症、肿瘤完全消融率、局部复发率、肿瘤再发率、相关肿瘤标志物、生存率等相关指标.结...     

A systematic review of MIS and open decompression surgery for spinal metastases in the last two decades

ObjectiveThe primary intention of this review being to produce an updated systematic review of the literature on published outcomes of decompressive surgery for metastatic spinal disease including metastatic spinal cord compression, using techniques of MIS and open decompressive surgery.MethodsThe authors conducted database searches of OVID MEDLINE and EMBASE identifying those studies that reported clinical outcomes, surgical techniques used along with associated complications when decompressive surgery was employed for metastatic spinal tumors. Both retrospective and prospective studies were analysed. Articles were assessed to ensure the required inclusion criteria was met. Articles were then categorised and tabulated based on the following reported outcomes: predictors of survival, predictors of ambulation or motor function, surgical technique, neurological function, and miscellaneous outcomes.Results2654 citations were retrieved from databases, of these 31 met the inclusion criteria. 5 studies were prospective, the remaining 26 were retrospective. Publication years ranged from 2000 to 2020. Study size ranged from 30 to 914 patients. The most common primary tumors identified were lungs, breast, prostate and renal cancers. One study ( Lo and Yang, 2017)¹³ reported that in those patients with motor deficit, survival was significantly improved when surgery was performed within 7 days of the development of motor deficit compared to situations when surgery was carried out 7 days after onset. This was the only study that showed that the timing of surgery plays a significant role w.r.t. survival following the onset of spinal cord compression symptoms. Four articles identified that a pre-operative intact motor function and or ambulatory status conferred a higher likelihood of a better post-operative outcome, not just in relation to survival but also in relation to post-operative ambulation as well as a greater tendency towards suitability for adjuvant treatment. Even for the same scoring system e.g. tokuhashi and its effectiveness in predicting survival, results from different studies varied in their outcome. The Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) being the most commonly used tool to assess functional impairment, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status being used in two studies. 23 studies identified an improvement in neurological function following surgery. The most common functional scale used to assess neurological outcome was the Frankel scale, 3 studies used the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale for this purpose. Wound problems including infection and dehiscence appeared to be the most commonly reported surgical complication. (25 studies). The most commonly used surgical technique involved a posterior approach with decompression, with or without stabilisation. Less commonly employed techniques included percutaneous pedicle screw fixation associated with or without mini-decompression as well as anterior approaches involving corpectomy and instrumentation. 9 studies included in their data, the effect of radiation therapy in combination with surgery or as a comparison used as an alternative to surgery in spinal metastases.ConclusionsWe provide a systematic literature review on the outcomes of decompressive surgery for spinal metastases. We analyse survival data, motor function, neurological function, as well as the techniques of surgery used. Where appropriate complications of surgery are also highlighted. It is the authors’ intention to provide the reader with a reference text where this information is ready to hand, allowing for the consideration of means and methods to improve and optimise the standard of care in patients undergoing surgical intervention for metastatic spinal disease.     

肝切除术联合微波消融与单纯肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌疗效比较的临床研究

目的 探讨术中肝切除术联合微波消融和单纯肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的疗效差异.方法 选取2005年1月-2013年12月武汉大学人民医院收治的原发性肝癌患者84例,按照手术方式不同分成联合组和单纯组,每组各42例.联合组患者采用术中肝切除术联合微波消融给予治疗,单纯组患者采用单纯肝切除术给予治疗.结果 联合组术中出血量为(323.9 ±93.1) ml,单纯组为(524.5±119.2) ml,P＜0.05.联合组术后肿瘤复发率为14.2％,单纯组为33.3％,P=0.040.联合组1年、3年、5年生存率均分别为96.5％、67％、51％,单纯组分别为84％、49.5％、36.5％,差异均有统计学意义(P =0.036).联合组手术时间为(177.7 ±30.7) min,单纯组为(165.1 ±29.5) min,P=0.058.联合组术后住院时间(15.5±3.7)d,单纯组为(14.0±4.0)d,P=0.068.联合组和单纯组术后第1天肝功能ALT、AST、ALB、TBIL变化,术后并发症发病率(包括胆瘘、发热、胸腔积液、大出血、腹腔感染及其他),差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 术中肝切除术联合微波消融治疗原发性肝癌效果优于单纯肝切除术.     

支气管动脉化疗灌注联合多极射频治疗中晚期肺癌

目的评价支气管动脉化疗灌注联合多极射频治疗中晚期肺癌的临床疗效。方法对32例失去手术机会或放弃手术治疗的中晚期肺癌患者,在进行常规支气管动脉化疗灌注的同时,于首次化疗灌注后2周,在CT引导下对病灶进行多极射频治疗1次。随访并记录术后半年、1年、2年、3年的有效率与患者生存率,与单纯进行常规支气管动脉化疗灌注的38例对照组进行同期有效率与生存率的比较。结果联合治疗组术后半年、1年、2年、3年的有效率/生存率分别为:87.5%/96.9%、71.9%/81.3%、34.4%/46.9%、12.5%/21.9%。对照组有效率/生存率分别为:63.2%/78.9%、36.9%/52.6%、26.3%/36.8%、5.3%/7.9%,联合治疗组有效率与生存率均明显高于对照组,统计学有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论支气管动脉化疗灌注联合多极射频治疗中晚期肺癌,疗效明显优于单纯支气管动脉化疗灌注(P<0.05),同时可明显提高患者的生存率,是一种较为理想、安全有效的综合性治疗手段,值得推广应用。     

经支气管动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融术治疗>5 cm肺癌

目的探讨经支气管动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合射频消融术（RFA）对较大肺癌局部肿块的灭活作用。方法2008年5-11月我科共收治4例肺癌患者（肿瘤最大径均〉5 cm,最大肿瘤为10 cm×8 cm×8 cm）。所有肿瘤均经病理活检证实为低分化腺癌。4例患者中2例介入治疗前曾接受系统化疗＋靶向治疗（NP方案＋恩度）,2例曾接受普通化疗,均因无法耐受化疗反应转而寻求介入治疗。对4例患者均先经支气管动脉行病灶侧TACE,术后3～7天给予CT引导下RFA治疗,均于局麻联合静脉强化麻醉下完成。术后1个月增强CT扫描评价疗效,如有不同程度的肿瘤组织残留或复发征象则再次行TACE＋RFA治疗。所有患者均定期影像随访至本研究结束。结果4例患者均接受2次TACE＋RFA联合治疗,第1次联合治疗后1个月CT增强扫描示均有不同程度的肿瘤组织残留征象;第2次联合治疗后1个月CT增强扫描均未见残存肿瘤组织征象。经2次TACE＋RFA联合治疗后随访至本研究结束6～12个月,影像学随访示局部射频灶均有不同程度的缩小,未见残存或复发征象。结论TACE＋RFA联合治疗可以有效地灭活直径〉5 cm肺癌局部病灶,近期疗效较好,远期疗效有待于长期随访。     

腹腔镜下胆囊旁肝癌的微波消融治疗

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下微波消融治疗胆囊旁肝癌的方法及疗效。方法16例有胆囊旁肝癌的病例接受了腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合腹腔镜下微波凝固术治疗,总共27个癌灶中的18个被彩超和/或CT证实为贴近胆囊。观察术后并发症的发生,并作术后随访观察疗效。结果本组病例均无严重并发症和死亡病例。术前AFP升高的12例患者在术后1个月时9例显著降低,3例无改变;术后1个月复查超声造影和增强CT,25个病灶完全坏死,2例残留癌灶,1例新发癌灶,再次行经皮微波凝固术后完全坏死。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合腹腔镜下微波凝固术使胆囊旁肝癌患者获得了微创治疗的机会,扩大了微波消融术治疗肝癌的范围。     

腹腔镜联合同期开放手术与全开放手术治疗同时性结直肠癌肝转移临床对比研究

目的对比腹腔镜结直肠癌切除(LCS)联合同期开放肝转移灶切除术与同期全开放切除术(TOS)治疗同时性结直肠癌肝转移(sCRLM)的临床疗效,探讨LCS联合同期开放肝转移灶切除术的安全性、短期及中长期疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年3月于海军军医大学附属长海医院肛肠外科行同期切除的sCRLM病人的临床病理资料,其中84例病人行LCS联合同期开放肝转移灶切除术,108例病人行同期TOS,采用倾向得分匹配方法(PSM)对两类病人进行1∶1匹配,最终LCS组(LCS联合同期开放肝转移灶切除术)和TOS组(行同期TOS)两组分别纳入69例病人,对两组病人的临床结果进行对比分析。结果所有病人无90 d内死亡病例。LCS组无中转开放手术病例。LCS组与TOS组相比,术后进食流质时间缩短[(3.54±1.43)d vs.(4.74±1.29)d,t=-5.186 P<0.001],术后住院天数减少[(8.58±4.23)d vs.(13.33±5.21)d,t=-5.880 P<0.001],并发症发生率降低[14例(20.3%)vs.33例(47.8%),χ^2=11.648 P=0.01],术中出血量[(433.77±423.45)mL vs(.422.46±292.37)mL,t=0.182 P=0.855]及手术时间[(277.54±81.88)min vs(.265.80±82.56)min,t=0.839 P=0.403]差异无统计学意义。3年存活率差异无统计学意义(60.0%vs.54.7%,χ^2=1.979,P=0.160),术后无瘤存活率差异无统计学意义(χ^2=3.542,P=0.076)。结论LCS联合同期开放肝转移灶切除术用于治疗sCRLM安全可行,相比传统同期TOS,短期疗效更优,且不影响中长期肿瘤学预后。     

经皮微波和射频消融治疗肝细胞性肝癌的临床比较研究

目的探讨经皮微波和射频消融治疗肝癌临床效果的差异。方法以相同的纳入标准,回顾性比较了肝细胞性肝癌经超声引导经皮微波消融49例98个结节和射频消融53例72结节的局部疗效、并发症和远期生存率。结果微波组与射频组比较,肿瘤完全消融率分别为94.9%(93/98)和93.1%(67/72)(P=0.75),局部复发率为11.8%(11/93)和20.9%(14/67)(P=0.12)。主要并发症发生率分别为8.2%(4/49)和5.7%(3/53)(P=0.71)。1、2、3年无瘤生存率微波组分别为45.9%、26.9%和26.9%,射频组为37.2%、20.7%和15.5%(P=0.53)。1、2、3、4年累积生存率微波组分别为81.6%、61.2%、50.5%和36.8%,射频组为71.7%、47.2%、37.6%和24.2%(P= 0.12)。结论经皮微波和射频消融治疗肝癌的局部疗效、并发症和远期生存率无显著差别,均为安全有效的肝癌治疗手段。     

肺癌脊柱转移瘤的手术疗效分析

目的探讨肺癌脊柱转移瘤的手术治疗效果。 方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年5月在浙江大学附属第二医院骨肿瘤中心及浙江省嘉兴市第二医院骨科住院治疗且病理诊断明确的肺癌脊柱转移瘤患者72例。其中男性48例（66.7%）,女性24例（33.3%）,平均年龄（61±4）岁,39例（54.2%）术前生存期评分为6分,27例（37.5%）7分,6例（8.3%）8分。随访并比较患者手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）及Frankel分级变化情况,评价手术疗效。 结果65例患者获得满意随访（90.2%）。随访时间6~12个月,平均（8.5±1.6）个月,VAS评分由术前（5.9±1.1）分降至术后（2.7±1.2）分,差异有统计学意义（t=21.24,P<0.05）。术后Frankel分级明显改善,差异有统计学意义（Z=-4.978,P<0.05）,42例术前有神经功能障碍者5例未恢复,37例部分恢复,差异有统计学意义（Z=-4.978,P<0.05）。 结论手术治疗肺癌脊柱转移瘤可有效缓解患者疼痛程度,改善神经功能。     

腹腔镜下微波消融剜除术治疗肾脏肿瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下微波消融肾肿瘤剜除术治疗肾脏肿瘤的疗效与安全性.方法 本组84例肾肿瘤患者,予以腹腔镜下辅助微波消融,尔后手术剜除肾肿瘤,记录术中出血量、手术时间,观察术中、术后并发症及疗效与安全性.结果 84例患者手术均顺利完成,术中均未阻断肾动脉,无术中大出血或中转开放手术,出血量为50~350 ml,手术时间为70~120 min.术后病理诊断为肾透明细胞癌60例,血管平滑肌脂肪瘤16例,嗜酸性细胞瘤4例,嫌色细胞癌2例,乳头状肾细胞癌2例.术中血管平滑肌脂肪瘤普遍出血较多.术后血管平滑肌脂肪瘤出血1例.全部病例随访12个月,无肿瘤复发、远处转移或死亡病例.结论 腹腔镜下微波消融肾肿瘤剜除术是一种安全有效的保留肾单位的手术方式,具有出血量少、手术时间短、术后并发症少等优点.     

Percutaneous and laparoscopic approaches of radiofrequency ablation treatment for liver cancer

Background/Purpose. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) have been gaining acceptance as a standard method in the management strategy of liver cancer, for reasons of minimally invasive techniques and effective results. We present our experience of RFA and MCT in patients with liver cancer, and analyze retrospectively the advantages and disadvantages of both of the percutaneous and laparoscopic approaches. Methods. Thirty-two consecutive patients (23 men and 9 women) with 19 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), 12 metastatic liver cancers, and recurrent cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC), were enrolled in this study. Out of these 32 patients, as a prior laparotomy, 19 underwent hepatectomy, colectomy, gastrectomy or cholecystectomy, and 15 were treated with the laparoscopic approach, 17 treated with the percutaneous approach, and 2 treated with the combined approach of those two. All of these procedures were carried out under general anesthesia with ultrasound guidance. Seven and 30 days after these procedures, an assessment helical computed tomography was done. Results. No sign of the residual tissues was noted in all patients except only one case. Conclusions. The percutaneous approach was thought to be a more practical and less invasive method regardless previous laparotomy. For the laparoscopic approach, tumors located at the hepatic surface or margin were preferable candidates.     

Temporal evaluation of the microwave ablation zone and comparison of CT and gross sizes during the first month post-ablation in swine lung

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development and evolution of the microwave ablation (MWA) lesion in the normal lung by using a swine model at various time points and to compare post-procedural computed tomography (CT) and gross pathologic findings during the first month post-ablation.