Statin use prior to ischemic stroke onset is associated with decreased in‐hospital mortality

Statins can reduce the risk of stroke in at‐risk populations and improve survival after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among patients with previous statin use. This study aimed to investigate the impact of statin use before AIS onset on in‐hospital mortality and identify the factors related to in‐hospital mortality among patients with and without previous statin use. A retrospective cohort study of all patients with AIS attending hospital from June 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008. Data were collected from medical records including demographic information, diagnostic information, risk factors, previous statin use, and vital discharge status. Chi‐square, Fisher’s exact tests, student’s t‐test, and Mann–Whitney U test, whatever appropriate, were used to test the significance between the variables, and multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with in‐hospital mortality. Altogether, 386 patients with AIS were studied, of which 113 (29.3%) had a documented previous statin use. A total of 62 (16.1%) patients with AIS died in hospital. In‐hospital mortality was significantly lower among previous statin users (P = 0.013). The presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) increased in‐hospital mortality among patients with or without previous statin use. The independent predictors for in‐hospital mortality among AIS patients without previous statin use were the presence of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.047), AF (P = 0.045), and renal impairment (P < 0.001). The prophylactic administration of statins significantly reduces post‐AIS in‐hospital mortality. Furthermore, the identification of predictors of in‐hospital mortality might reduce death rates and enhance the application of specific therapeutic and management strategies to patients at a high risk of dying.     

The effect of comorbidity and age on hospital mortality and length of stay in patients with sepsis

Purpose

Sepsis is believed to be responsible for substantial health care burden, but there is limited information about its magnitude and the factors affecting health outcomes in Asian population. The aim of the study was to assess the disease burden of sepsis and to test the usefulness of Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and age as risk-adjusted hospital mortality predictors in patients with sepsis using hospital administrative database.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of hospital discharge database from 2004 to 2007 to identify cases with sepsis, comorbidity, and organ failure using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 9th Revision, Australian Modification codes was conducted.

Results

Of 305?637 hospitalized patients over 4 years, 6929 (2.27%) patients had sepsis, with 1216 (17.5%) patients associated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The mortality rates increased consistently in patients with CCI ranging from none to low, moderate and high grade for both patients with ICU admission (39.4%, 51.6%, 55.9%, and 54.3% respectively; P < .001) and patients without ICU admission (6.4%, 8.7%, 17.1%, and 25.3% respectively; P < .001). Logistic regression analysis showed that CCI (odds ratio, 11.8; high versus none) and age (odds ratio, 8.46; aged 85 years and older versus aged 18-54 years old) were significant and independent predictors of hospital mortality. Similar results were seen with hospital length of stay by zero-truncated negative binomial regression model analysis.

Conclusion

The sepsis-related mortality and resource utilization are high in this population as well. Comorbidities and advanced age were some of the most important contributors to hospital mortality and resource utilization.     

血浆D-二聚体及血小板/淋巴细胞比值对急性缺血性脑卒中青年患者预后的预测作用

目的 探讨血浆D-二聚体(D-D)及血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)对急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)青年患者预后的预测作用.方法 选取接受静脉注射重组组织纤溶酶原激活剂治疗的动脉硬化性AIS患者90例,根据术后3个月的改良Rankin量表(MRS)评分将患者分为预后良好组和预后不良组,计算PLR和测定D-D的水平,分析二者与...     

Effect of early enteral nutrition on critical care outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke

ObjectiveStroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a comorbidity of ischemic stroke related to clinical outcomes. Early enteral nutrition (EEN; within 48 hours) reduces the incidence of infection and length of intensive care unit (ICU)/hospital stay. The relationship between EEN and critical care outcomes, including SAP, in patients with ischemic stroke has been insufficiently studied.MethodsWe recruited 499 patients in this retrospective observational study. We evaluated SAP incidence within 14 days from admission. Patients were divided into an EEN group and a late EN group (LEN; start later than EEN). We compared groups regarding background and length of ICU/hospital stay.ResultsEN was started within 48 hours in 236 patients. SAP was diagnosed in 94 patients (18.8%), with most in the LEN group (28.1% vs. 8.5%). Median [interquartile range] lengths of hospitalization (22 [12–30] days vs. 35 [20–45] days) and ICU stay (4 [2–5] days vs. 6 [3–8] days) were longer in the LEN group. EEN reduced the incidence of SAP. By contrast, consciousness disturbance and worsening consciousness level increased the SAP incidence. Increased age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score were associated with start of prolonged EN.ConclusionsWe found that EEN may reduce SAP risk.     

溶栓治疗和TOAST、OCSP分型对急性缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后的影响

目的:探讨急性缺血性卒中的患者应用阿替普酶溶栓后的短期预后以及TOAST、OCSP两种分型与急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的关系。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年6月中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院急诊科来诊的急性缺血性脑卒中住院患者193例[其中男性158例,女性85例,年龄(69.46±13.02)岁],其中应用阿替普酶...     

基于Essen卒中风险评分的缺血性脑卒中危险度分层的颈动脉斑块特征研究

目的基于Essen卒中风险评分,利用高分辨MR黑血序列及CE-T1WI比较低风险组与高风险组缺血性脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块负荷及成分的差异。材料与方法对2014年1月至2015年12月福建医科大学附属第一医院的41例急性脑梗死患者在发病一周内行颈动脉3D-TOF成像、高分辨MRI黑血序列及CE-T1WI成像,其中低风险组25例,高风险组16例,并对脑梗死的责任颈动脉进行影像分析,比较低风险组及高风险组急性脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块负荷及成分的差异。结果 (1)低风险组与高风险组患者再发脑梗死、年龄、糖尿病、吸烟及周围血管病发生率两组间差异均具有统计学意义。(2)低风险组及高风险组患者的标准化管壁指数、管腔直径、管壁厚度及管腔狭窄率组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)高风险组斑块内纤维帽破裂发生率、出血发生率、脂质坏死核心(lipid-rich necrotic core,LRNC)发生率及管腔狭窄率50%发生率、LRNC面积、LRNC指数及出血面积、出血指数组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论低风险组和高风险组缺血性脑梗死患者的颈动脉斑块特征存在差异,利用Essen卒中风险评分结合高分辨MRI可以对缺血性脑卒中危险度进行分层,对具有再发风险的高危患者采取针对性的干预措施,以降低脑卒中再发率。     

Relationship between the length of hospital stay after hip fracture surgery and ambulatory ability or mortality after discharge in Japan

Aim:  To examine whether the length of hospital stay after hip fracture surgery is related to patients' ambulatory ability or mortality after discharge.
Methods:  This is a retrospective observational study of patients who had undergone hip fracture surgery at one of three hospitals in Japan. The medical records of patients who were ≥65 years and who had hip fracture surgery within the past 2.5 years were reviewed regarding the demographics, treatments, and health outcomes during the hospital stay. A mail survey, asking about health outcomes after discharge, was sent to the study participants and/or their family members. The response rate of the survey was 70% ( n  = 149).
Results:  The patients who were discharged between 30 and 39 days after surgery had significantly lower current ambulatory ability, compared to the patients who stayed for ≥40 days, after adjusting for patient characteristics, treatments, and hospital. The patients who were discharged within 2 weeks after surgery and the patients who were discharged between 30 and 39 days after surgery had a significantly higher risk of mortality, compared to the patients who stayed in the hospital for ≥40 days, after adjustments were made.
Conclusions:  If patients are discharged to a rehabilitation hospital before they are totally recovered from surgery, the emphasis might be on their rehabilitation without adequate management of their comorbidities. Additional prospective studies are needed to determine the effects of a shorter length of hospital stay after hip fracture surgery on patient outcomes.     

Longitudinal variation of circulating Inc‐ITSN1‐2: A novel biomarker reflecting disease severity,inflammation, recurrence,and death risk in acute ischemic stroke patients

BackgroundLong noncoding RNA intersectin 1–2 (lnc‐ITSN1‐2) regulates inflammation and neuronal apoptosis; meanwhile, the latter two factors participate in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Therefore, this study detected lnc‐ITSN1‐2 at multiple time points, aiming to explore its longitudinal variation and clinical value in the management of AIS patients.MethodsThe current study enrolled 102 AIS patients, then detected their lnc‐ITSN1‐2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) at baseline (D0), day (D)1, D3, D7, month (M)1, M3, M6, and year (Y)1 after admission using RT‐qPCR. Additionally, lnc‐ITSN1‐2 in PBMC of 50 controls was also detected.ResultsLnc‐ITSN1‐2 was up‐regulated in AIS patients than that in controls (p < 0.001). Lnc‐ITSN1‐2 positively associated with NIHSS score, TNF‐α, and IL‐17A (all p < 0.050) but was not linked with IL‐6 (p = 0.093) in AIS patients. Notably, lnc‐ITSN1‐2 was gradually increased from D0 to D3; while it switched to decrease from D3 to Y1 in AIS patients. Lnc‐ITSN1‐2 disclosed similar longitudinal variation during 1 year in non‐recurrent (p < 0.001), recurrent (p = 0.001), and survived patients (p < 0.001), while the variation of lnc‐ITSN1‐2 in died patients was not obvious (p = 0.132). More importantly, lnc‐ITSN1‐2 at D0, D3, D7, M1, M3, M6, and Y1 was higher in recurrent AIS patients than that in non‐recurrent AIS patients (all p < 0.050); moreover, lnc‐ITSN1‐2 at D3, D7, M1, M3, and M6 was up‐regulated in died AIS patients than AIS survivors (all p < 0.050).ConclusionThe dynamic variation of Inc‐ITSN1‐2 could serve as a biomarker reflecting disease severity, inflammatory cytokines, recurrence, and death risk in AIS patients.     

卒中单元模式下对脑卒中患者平均住院日和死亡率的影响

目的:探讨卒中单元模式下对脑卒中患者平均住院日及死亡率的影响。方法:选择2008年1月～2009年3月年我院收治卒中单元治疗的221例脑卒中患者为A组,同期接受常规治疗的261例脑卒中患者为B组,对他们的平均住院时间和住院死亡率进行比较。结果:A组患者平均住院日(15±9.2)d,B组患者平均住院日(19±8.7)d,两者比较有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组患者住院日中位数为7d,以7d一分为二,A组患者住院日超过7d的占40.40%,B组占54.80%,两者比较亦有统计学意义(P<0.01)。A组死亡率为5.43%,B组死亡率为14.93%,两组比较,P<0.01。结论:脑卒中单元的建立明显缩短了患者平均住院日和死亡率,大大地改善了患者预后,提高了患者生存质量。     

营养不良通用筛查工具和营养风险筛查2002在炎症性肠病住院患者中应用效果的比较

目的比较营养不良通用筛查工具(malnutrition universal screening tools,MUST)和营养风险筛查2002(nutritional risk screening 2002,NRS2002)在炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)住院患者中的应用效果。方法选择2014年1-7月常州市3所三级甲等医院收治的IBD患者93例,分别应用MUST和NRS2002对其进行营养风险筛查并比较。结果MUST和NRS2002对IBD患者的筛查结果显示,两种方法的营养筛查结果一致性较好(Kappa=0.876,P0.001),IBD患者的疾病严重程度与营养风险发生率呈正相关;除TLC外,无或低危营养风险组的身体质量指数、上臂肌围、腹围、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、红蛋白、白蛋白和前白蛋白均高于有或中高危营养风险组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论 MUST和NRS2002对IBD住院患者的营养风险筛查结果有良好的一致性,疾病严重程度与营养风险发生率存在相关性;传统营养指标是筛查IBD住院患者有无营养风险的比较灵敏的指标。     

缺血性脑卒中患者血清胱抑素C与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系分析

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中患者血清胱抑素C与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选择2019年9月至2020年3月收治的306例缺血性脑卒中患者作为研究对象,均进行颈部血管超声检查。根据颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)检查结果将患者分为观察组(IMT≥1.2 mm或IMT>周围正常值50%以上,动脉硬化,n=193)和对照组(IMT<1.2 mm,非动脉硬化,n=113)。比较两组的各项实验室指标(总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、尿酸及胱抑素C)水平及双侧颈内动脉、颈总动脉的IMT。比较观察组中不同斑块严重程度、不同斑块性质患者的胱抑素C水平。结果观察组的总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、尿酸及胱抑素C水平均高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组严重斑块患者的胱抑素C水平高于轻、中度斑块患者(P<0.05)。经Spearman相关性水平分析,脑缺血患者斑块严重程度与胱抑素C水平呈正相关(r=0.3145,P<0.05)。观察组硬斑、软斑、混合斑患者的胱抑素C水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组双侧颈内动脉、颈总动脉的IMT均大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论缺血性脑卒中患者合并颈动脉粥样硬化时颈动脉IMT会明显增大,检测血清胱抑素C水平可用于预判缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化发生及严重程度,以便及时治疗,防止产生不可逆损伤。     

D-二聚体、NT-proBNP及脂蛋白(a)在急性缺血性脑卒中患者的水平及临床意义

目的研究D-二聚体、N末端-脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)及脂蛋白(a)在急性缺血性脑卒中患者的水平及临床意义。方法选择2013年3月至2015年3月接诊的150例急性缺血性脑卒中患者作为观察组进行研究。并选择同期进行健康体检者50例作为对照组。分别对2组对象的D-二聚体、NT-proBNP及脂蛋白(a)水平进行检测。依据神经功能缺损评分对脑卒中患者进行分组,对3项指标进行统计分析。结果观察组患者的D-二聚体、NT-proBNP及血清脂蛋白(a)水平明显高于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。重型患者的D-二聚体、NT-proBNP及血清脂蛋白(a)水平明显高于轻型和中型,随着病情程度加重,3项指标的水平逐渐升高(P0.05)。腔隙性脑卒中患者的D-二聚体、NT-proBNP及血清脂蛋白(a)水平明显高于非腔隙性组患者(P0.05)。结论 D-二聚体、NT-proBNP及血清脂蛋白(a)在急性缺血性脑卒中患者诊断中临床诊断价值较高,值得广泛应用。     

某地区健康成人血清总蛋白及清蛋白测定结果的分析

目的了解响水地区健康成人血清总蛋白(TP)、清蛋白(ALB)及A/G比值的水平情况。方法对响水地区1 115名健康体检者的血清TP、ALB进行检测,计算A/G比值,并对测定结果进行统计分析。结果适合响水地区的参考范围:总体TP:63.38～81.84g/L,ALB:39.73～49.53g/L,A/G:1.20～2.04。男性参考范围TP:63.62～81.70g/L,ALB:39.78～49.64g/L,A/G:1.19～2.07。女性参考范围TP:62.99～82.09g/L,ALB:39.64～49.36g/L,A/G:1.19～2.03。结论本地区健康成人的血清蛋白质水平与原有的参考范围已发生了变化,笔者认为有必要建立和使用适合本地区的TP、ALB、A/G参考范围。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值、脑侧支循环与神经功能缺损的关系研究

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者机体中单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)、脑侧支循环与患者神经功能缺损的关系。方法选取2020年7月至2021年6月我院收治的急性缺血性脑卒中患者118例,按患者神经功能缺损程度分为轻度组53例、中度组38例、重度组27例,观察三组MHR、脑侧支循环情况,分析与患者神经功能缺损的关系。结果三组间单核细胞计数、MHR比较,重度组>中度组>轻度组,HDL-C、脑侧支循环评分比较,轻度组>中度组>重度组(P<0.05);单核细胞计数、MHR指标与神经功能缺损程度呈正相关,HDL-C水平、脑侧支循环评分与神经功能缺损程度呈负相关(P<0.05); MHR与脑侧支循环评分联合诊断轻中度和中重度神经功能缺损的曲线下面积分别为0.988、0.832,均高于MHR指标曲线下面积(P<0.05)。结论 MHR、脑侧支循环及神经功能缺损能有效反映AIS患者机体炎性反应、病灶区血流代偿能力,对预测患者神经功能缺损情况有一定的指导意义和价值。     

Neutrophil percentage‐to‐albumin ratio and monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as predictors of free‐wall rupture in patients with acute myocardial infarction

BackgroundsFree‐wall rupture (FWR) has a high mortality rate. We aimed to find sensitive predictive indicators to identify high‐risk FWR patients by exploring the predictive values of neutrophil percentage‐to‐albumin ratio (NPAR) and monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR) on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods76 FWR patients with AMI were collected, and then 228 non‐CR patients with AMI were randomly selected (1:3 ratio) in this retrospective study. The independent influencing factors of FWR were evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to evaluate the predictive value of NPAR and MLR for FWR.ResultsAccording to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.094–0.751, p = 0.012), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) treatment (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.044–0.659, p = 0.010), NPAR (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.031–7.044, p = 0.043), and MLR (OR = 5.99, 95% CI: 2.09–17.168, p = 0.001) were the influencing factors of the FWR patients with AMI, independently. Additionally, the NPAR and MLR were the predictors of FWR patients, with AUC of 0.811 and 0.778, respectively (both p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn summary, the emergency PCI and ACEI/ARB treatment were independent protective factors for FWR patients with AMI, while the increase of MLR and NPAR were independent risk factors. What''s more, NPAR and MLR are good indicators for predicting FWR.     

盐酸小檗碱对急性缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能及血清丙二醛的影响

目的探讨盐酸小檗碱对急性缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能及血清丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）的影响。方法将102例急性缺血性脑卒中患者随机分为盐酸小檗碱组52例和对照组50例。对照组给予改善循环、营养神经、抗血小板聚集及调脂等基础治疗;盐酸小檗碱组在对照组治疗基础上加用盐酸小檗碱片0.5 g,每日3次,连续应用14 天。均在入院治疗前和治疗后7天、14 天抽取卧位静脉血,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测血清中MDA的水平;均在入院治疗前和治疗后7天、14 天采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)进行神经功能缺损评分。结果治疗后小檗碱组及对照组NIHSS评分及血清MDA较治疗前均有下降,但小檗碱组NIHSS评分及MDA均低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论盐酸小檗碱可以降低急性缺血性脑卒中降低MDA表达水平,改善神经功能缺损程度。