Percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis: ten-year experience

PurposeTo review the clinical course of patients with acute cholecystitis treated by percutaneous cholecystostomy, and to identify risk factors retrospectively that predict outcome.Materials and MethodsA total of 106 patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis were treated by percutaneous cholecystostomy during a 10-year period. Seventy-one (67%) presented to the emergency department (ED) specifically for acute cholecystitis, and 35 (23%) were inpatients previously admitted for other conditions. Outcomes of the two groups were compared with respect to severity of illness, leukocytosis, bile culture, liver function tests, imaging features, time intervals from onset of symptoms to medical and percutaneous intervention, and whether surgical cholecystectomy was later performed.ResultsOverall, 72 patients (68%) showed an improvement clinically, whereas 34 (32%) showed no improvement or a clinically worsened condition after cholecystostomy. Patients who presented to the ED primarily with acute cholecystitis fared better (84% of patients showed improvement) than inpatients (34% showed improvement; P < .0001). Gallstones were identified in 54% of patients who presented to the ED, whereas acalculous cholecystitis was more commonly diagnosed in inpatients (54%). Patients with sepsis had worse outcomes overall (P < .0001). Bacterial bile cultures were analyzed in 95% of patients and showed positive results in 52%, with no overall effect on outcome. There was no correlation between the time of onset of symptoms until antibiotic therapy or cholecystostomy in either group. Long-term outcomes for both groups were better for those who later underwent cholecystectomy (P < .0001).ConclusionsOutcomes after percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis are better when the disease is primary and not precipitated by concurrent illness.     

Percutaneous cholecystostomy: an alternative to surgical cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis?

Emergency percutaneous cholecystostomy was successfully performed in 39 of 40 attempted procedures in 37 hospitalized patients with possible acute cholecystitis. All cholecystostomies were performed with ultrasound guidance and preferentially with the transhepatic route, and all but four were performed at the patient's bedside. The patients had been hospitalized an average of 27 days before the procedure. Twenty-two of the 37 patients (59%) eventually died during hospitalization because of other medical or surgical problems. Only minor complications related to percutaneous cholecystostomy placement occurred in this series: catheter dislodgment without sequelae (n = 2) and significant abdominal pain (n = 2). Technical problems included guide-wire buckling during catheter insertion (n = 1) and failed attempted cholecystostomy (n = 1). Percutaneous cholecystostomy is a safe alternative to surgical cholecystostomy in the treatment of patients suspected of having acute cholecystitis.     

急性重症胆囊炎的介入治疗

目的评价利用经皮胆囊造口术治疗急性重症胆囊炎的临床疗效。方法97例急性重症胆囊炎患者接受超声及DSA结合导引下的经皮胆囊造口术,并于术中置管引流。结果所有97例患者均一次置管成功,无任何并发症。93例(96%)患者临床体征如右上腹疼痛、发热在72h内缓解;同时,血常规中的WBC及中性粒细胞均于72h内降至正常范围。4例患者由于肝总管内结石合并胆管炎临床症状缓解不明显而于第2天行经皮肝穿胆管引流术,术后临床症状于72h内亦缓解。结论经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术是治疗急性重症胆囊炎安全有效的方法。     

Percutaneous cholecystostomy treatment for acute cholecystitis in high risk patients

Aim

To assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous cholecystostomy in treatment of acute cholecystitis in high risk patients.

Patients and methods

This retrospective study included 21 patients with clinical and sonographic signs of acute cholecystitis and comorbid disease who underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy for management of acute cholecystitis from June 2009 to January 2014.

Results

Percutaneous cholecystostomy was technically successful in 19 patients and showed positive clinical response at 72 h in 17 patients. Bile leakage due to catheter dislodgement in one patient was managed by change of catheter and re-insertion. The second patient had partial rupture of gall bladder, five patients underwent cholecystectomy. After cholecystostomy there were reductions of leukocytosis and C – reactive protein.

Conclusion

As an alternative to surgery, percutaneous cholecystostomy is a safe and effective method of treatment in critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis.     

Percutaneous cholecystostomy for patients with acute cholecystitis and an increased surgical risk

Purpose To evaluated percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients with acute cholecystitis and an increased surgical risk. Methods Thirty-three patients with acute cholecystitis (calculous,n=22; acalculous,n=11) underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy by means of a transhepatic (n=21) or transperitoneal (n=12) access route. Clinical and laboratory parameters were retrospectively studied to determine the benefit from cholecystostomy. Results All procedures were technically successful. Twenty-two (67%) patients improved clinically within 48 hr; showing a significant decreased in body temperature (n=13), normalization of the white blood cell count (n=3), or both (n=6). There were 6 (18%) minor/moderate complications (transhepatic access,n=3; transperitoneal access,n=3). Further treatment for patients with calculous cholecystitis was cholecystectomy (n=9) and percutaneous and endoscopic stone removal (n=8). Further treatment for patients with acalculous cholecystitis was cholecystectomy (n=2) and gallbladder ablation (n=2). There were 4 deaths (12%) either in hospital or within 30 days of drainage; none of the deaths was procedure-related. Conclusion Percutaneous cholecystostomy is a safe and effective procedure for patients with acute cholecystitis. For most patients with acalculous cholecystitis percutaneous cholecystostomy may be considered a definitive therapy. In calculous disease this treatment is often only temporizing and a definitive surgical, endoscopic, or radiologic treatment becomes necessary.     

Percutaneous cholecystostomy as a nonsurgical option for treatment of acute cholecystitis in elderly patients

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) in management of acute cholecystitis in elderly patients.

Treatment of acute cholecystitis in non-critically ill patients at high surgical risk: comparison of clinical outcomes after gallbladder aspiration and after percutaneous cholecystostomy

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the clinical outcome after gallbladder aspiration with that after percutaneous cholecystostomy in non-critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis who were at high risk from surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 53 consecutive non-critically ill, high-surgical-risk patients admitted with acute cholecystitis between July 1995 and July 1999 were reviewed. Thirty-one had gallbladder aspiration and 22 had percutaneous cholecystostomy. The primary outcome measure of clinical response within 72 hr and the secondary outcome measures of overall positive response rate, complication rate, time to resolution, and rate of recurrence of acute cholecystitis were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Gallbladder aspiration and percutaneous cholecystostomy were technically successful in 30 (97%) and 21 (97%) patients, respectively; of these, 23 (77%) and 19 (90%) patients responded clinically within 72 hr (p > 0.2). Complications occurred in three patients (12%) after percutaneous cholecystostomy and in none after gallbladder aspiration (p < 0.05). No significant difference was noted in the other secondary outcome measures of the two groups. CONCLUSION: We found no significant difference in the clinical outcomes of gallbladder aspiration and percutaneous cholecystostomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis in high-surgical-risk patients who are not critically ill. However, we found gallbladder aspiration to be significantly safer. Therefore, gallbladder aspiration should be the procedure of choice in high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis who are not critically ill, and percutaneous cholecystectomy should be reserved as a salvage procedure if gallbladder aspiration is technically or clinically unsuccessful.     

1.0-M gadobutrol versus 0.5-M gadoterate for peripheral magnetic resonance angiography: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial

PURPOSE: To perform a quantitative and qualitative comparison of gadobutrol and gadoterate in three-station contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) of the lower limbs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 52 patients with leg ischemia were randomly assigned to one of two groups receiving either gadobutrol (1.0 mmol Gd/mL, 15 mL) or gadoterate (0.5 mmol Gd/mL, 30 mL). Three-station 3D CE-MRAs from the pelvis to the ankles were performed with moving-table technique on a 1.5T MR scanner. Injection time was identical in both groups. Signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were calculated for 816 arteries. Contrast quality in 1196 vessel segments was evaluated separately by two blinded readers on a three-point scale. RESULTS: Mean SNR (61.8 +/- 7.8 for gadobutrol vs. 61.9 +/- 9.1 for gadoterate, P = 0.257), CNR (52.8 +/- 9.1 vs. 52.8 +/- 10.7, P = 0.154), and qualitative ranking (1.41 vs. 1.44, P = 0.21) for all vessels did not differ significantly between the two patient groups. The overall quality was good in 90.4% with gadoterate and 94.2% with gadobutrol (P = 0.462). CONCLUSION: High-concentration gadobutrol allows neither a higher CNR nor any qualitative advantage over the ordinary unspecific Gd agent gadoterate when the same Gd load and injection times are used in multistation CE-MRA of the peripheral arteries.     

CT引导下经皮胆囊造瘘术治疗高龄、危重急性胆囊炎患者

目的 评估CT引导下经皮胆囊造瘘术治疗高龄、危重急性胆囊炎患者的临床价值并对并发症等问题进行探讨。方法 对16例不能进行急诊胆囊切除手术的高龄、危重急性胆囊炎患者行CT引导下经皮经肝穿刺胆囊造瘘术，在胆囊内置放直径为7～8．5F猪尾引流管引流潴留胆汁，观察胆囊造瘘前后患者临床症状、体征及血白细胞计数的变化情况。结果 16例患者CT引导下经皮胆囊造瘘均获得成功。15例术后12～48h临床症状、体征缓解；1例术后无缓解。5例非结石性胆囊炎术后21～28d拔管后康复；10例结石性胆囊炎30～60d行胆囊切除手术。无严重并发症。结论 CT引导下经皮胆囊造瘘术是1种操作简便、安全有效的胆囊造瘘方法，对于治疗高龄、危重的急性胆囊炎患者具有较为重要的临床价值。     

Iliotibial band autograft versus bone-patella-tendon-bone autograft,a possible alternative for ACL reconstruction: a 15-year prospective randomized controlled trial

Purpose

The long-term results after using the iliotibial band autograft (ITB) in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are not fully known. If equal in quality to conventional methods, the ITB graft could be a useful alternative as a primary graft, in revision surgery or multi-ligament reconstruction. The purpose is to assess whether the ITB autograft is a long-term reliable alternative to the bone-patella-tendon-bone (BPTB) autograft, using a prospective randomized controlled trial design.

Methods

From 1995 to 1996, sixty patients scheduled for primary ACL reconstruction were included in a prospective randomized controlled trial. Three senior knee surgeons, experienced in both types of ACL surgery, performed all the operations. A standardized and supervised rehabilitation programme was used for both groups for 6 months. Thirty patients received the ITB reconstruction, and 30 received the BPTB reconstruction. Forty-nine participated at follow-up in 2010 (82 %). Primary outcome was the failure rate after ACL reconstruction. Secondary outcomes were knee injury osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) [pain, symptoms, Sport/Rec, quality of life (QOL), daily living function], Tegner activity scale, anterior knee pain-score, Lysholm score, Rolimeter laxity, extension deficit, single hop and crossover hop for distance.

Results

At 15-year follow-up, no significant difference existed between the groups. Graft failure occurred in 4 ITB subjects (16 %) and 3 BPTB subjects (13 %). KOOS (Sport/Rec) for the ITB group was 75 and 73 for the BPTB group. The KOOS (QOL) was 72 and 68 for the ITB group and BPTB group, respectively.

Conclusion

Similar graft failure rates and KOOS were found when comparing ITB- and BPTB-operated individuals, at 15-year follow-up. The ITB graft had equal long-term clinical results compared to the BPTB graft and is recommended as a reliable alternative autograft for ACL reconstruction.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic studies, Level I.     

Technical report: percutaneous cholecystostomy in acute acalculous cholecystitis.

Acute acalculous cholecystitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with other serious illnesses (Howard, 1981) and the mortality rate after surgical cholecystostomy may reach 15% (McGahan and Lindfors, 1989). Radiologically controlled percutaneous cholecystostomy is a safe, minimally invasive, procedure which may be curative (McGahan and Lindfors, 1989; Berger et al., 1989). Both cases described here were successfully treated by percutaneous cholecystostomy. A modified Seldinger technique was used in one and a direct 'trocar' puncture in the other. Percutaneous cholecystostomy, which is technically relatively straightforward, is now the treatment of choice for acute acalculous cholecystitis.     

B超定位胆囊穿刺造瘘术治疗高龄急性胆囊炎78例报告

目的：探讨B超定位胆囊穿刺造瘘术对高龄急性胆囊炎患者的疗效。方法：分析2003—08～2006—08我科以B超定位胆囊穿刺造瘘术治疗的78例高龄（≥70岁）急性胆囊炎患者的临床资料，78例入院前合并各种疾病者72例（92．3％）。结果：78例全部成功施行穿刺造瘘（100％），无出血、胆瘘等并发症发生，74例治愈出院（94．9％），4例（5．1％）死亡，出院51例（65．4％）3个月后行腹腔镜胆囊切除，术后患者恢复好。结论：B超定位胆囊穿刺造瘘可迅速缓解高龄患者急性胆囊炎引起的危急症状，避免急诊开腹手术带来的风险，具有微创、方便、安全等优势，可明显降低死亡率，值得推广。     

Effectiveness of aspiration in knee joint effusion management: a prospective randomized controlled study

Purpose

Knee effusion is a common symptom in various knee disorders of both traumatic and non-traumatic aetiology. Although intra-articular aspiration is a widespread treatment approach, its beneficial effect has not been confirmed by a randomized controlled study. The purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of joint aspiration in acute knee effusion, in relation to traumatic or non-traumatic aetiology.

Methods

One hundred and sixty-seven consecutive patients with acute knee joint effusion were allocated in a randomized controlled fashion into two groups. In the first group, joint aspiration was performed, while in the second group, no aspiration was performed. Range of motion, pain relief, use of analgesics and oedema were evaluated post management. The Knee Society Score and the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Evaluation Form were also obtained. In addition, a subgroup analysis of our results in relation to the presence of trauma or not was performed.

Results

Aspiration exhibited a temporary improvement in all clinical parameters evaluated, especially in the post-traumatic effusion. However, this improvement lasted only for the first week, due to the early re-accumulation of the effusion. There was no difference between the different groups regarding the clinical outcome in neither trauma or non-trauma patients at the end of the follow-up period. Aspiration aided in earlier establishment of the diagnosis in the non-trauma cases of effusion.

Conclusions

Aspiration resulted in only temporary improvement of the outcome in the treatment of traumatic or not traumatic knee effusion. Aspiration is suggested in effusions of unknown origin in order to establish the diagnosis and for immediate clinical relief. However, aspiration should be performed with consideration in the presence of trauma.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic study, Level I.     

Percutaneous fibrin sheath stripping versus transcatheter urokinase infusion for malfunctioning well-positioned tunneled central venous dialysis catheters: a prospective, randomized trial

PURPOSE: To compare central dialysis catheter patency rates after stripping procedures with those after urokinase (UK) infusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven tunneled catheters with either (i) flow rates less than 250 mL/min and established baseline flow rates > or = 300 mL/min or (ii) flow rates 50 mL/min less than higher established baseline flows were prospectively randomized to undergo stripping procedures (n = 28) or UK infusion (n = 29) at 30,000 U/h via each port concurrently, for a total 250,000 U. Success and patency were determined by dialysis at normal flow rates (> or = 300 mL/min) or at the previously established higher baseline rate. Flow rates were monitored weekly. Primary patency ended with catheter malfunction or removal. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to construct survival curves. RESULTS: In the stripping group, initial clinical success was 89% (25 of 28). The 15-, 30-, and 45-day primary patency rates were 75% (n = 20), 52% (n = 13), and 35% (n = 8), respectively. The median duration of additional function was 32 days (95% CI: 18-48 d). In the UK group, initial clinical success was 97% (28 of 29). The 15-, 30-, and 45-day primary patency rates were 86% (n = 21), 63% (n = 13), and 48% (n = 9), respectively. The median duration of additional patency was 42 days (95% CI: 22-153 d). The Wilcoxon test for equality detected no significant difference in the survival curves for the two treatment groups (P = .236). CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in time to primary patency between the two methods. Both allow temporary catheter salvage in most patients.     

晚期卵巢上皮癌的巩固化疗——一项前瞻性随机对照试验

目的探讨巩固化疗对于延缓晚期卵巢上皮癌复发的作用。方法自2000年3月起连续收集北京协和医院晚期卵巢上皮性癌住院患者,经过初次规范的治疗,截止到2004年4月,达到临床完全缓解的患者共44例,随机分为巩固化疗组和对照组,观察其肿瘤复发率和无瘤生存期。结果巩固化疗组22例,对照组22例,随访至2005年7月。肿瘤复发率巩固化疗组为45·5%,对照为59·1%(P=0·365);肿瘤复发时间巩固化疗组为25·3±9·3个月,对照组为16·9±6·7个月(P=0·019);无瘤生存时间巩固化疗组为31·9±14·8个月,对照组为22·7±12·9个月(P=0·033);经Kaplan-Meier生存曲线比较,巩固化疗组与对照组生存率无明显差异(P=0·22)。结论对于初次治疗达到临床完全缓解的晚期卵巢上皮癌患者实施巩固化疗,可能延缓肿瘤复发,延长无瘤生存期,但尚不能证实其可降低复发率和提高生存率。