输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术与钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石的比较

目的比较输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术与钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石的疗效和安全性。方法总结应用输尿管镜技术治疗326例输尿管结石患者的临床资料，其中气压弹道碎石术176例，钬激光碎石术150例。结杲钬激光碎石术碎石率为96．6％，高于气压弹道碎石术的89．8％（P〈0．01）；钬激光碎石术平均排净时间为10d，短于气压弹道碎石术的21d（P〈0．01）；钬激光碎石组有11例发生血尿，气压弹道碎石有54例发生血尿。结论钬激光碎石术的有效率和安全性优于气压弹道碎石术。钬激光碎石是治疗输尿管结石的一种安全、高效的方法。     

输尿管镜联合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石:附205例报告

目的 探讨输尿管镜联合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石的效果和安全性.方法 回顾性分析205例输尿管上段结石患者行输尿管硬镜钬激光碎石治疗的临床资料,其中男91例,女114例,结石位于单侧188例,双侧17例,炎性息肉引起输尿管腔明显狭窄者12例.结石长径0.8～1.4 cm.结果 192例一次性碎石成功,单次碎石成功率为93.7%(192/205).9例有较大结石碎片(4～6 mm)残留于肾或输尿管内,4例在碎石过程中结石冲入肾内,其中1例较大结石(1.4 cm)移位至肾盂后改行PCNL,其余3例留置双J管改行ESWL,均治愈.19例合并炎性息肉同期行激光烧灼.手术时间15~90min,平均30 min.住院时间2~9 d,平均3.5 d.198例患者在门诊获得随访,随访时间3～24个月,平均6个月,结石均排尽.结论 输尿管镜联合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石的一种比较理想的腔内碎石技术,其碎石成功率高,并发症发生率低,创伤小,患者术后恢复快,而且可同期处理结石合并炎性息肉和狭窄.     

气压弹道碎石术与钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石的比较

目的：比较经输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术与钬激光石术治疗输尿结石的疗效和安全性。方法：总结应用输尿管镜技术治疗285例尿管结石患者的临床资料,其中气压弹道碎石术145例,钬激光碎石术140例。结果钬激光碎石术单次手术碎石率为95．75,高于气压弹道碎石术的69．7％,P＜0．01;钬激光碎石术平均结石排净时间为18d,短于气压弹道碎石术的31d,P＜0．01;钬激光碎石组无明显并发症发生,气压弹道碎石组有5例发生穿孔。结论钬激光碎石术的有效率和安全性优于气压弹碎石术,钬激光碎石术是治疗输尿管结石的一种安全、有高效的方法。     

Treatment of Ureteral Stones Using Holmium:YAG laser

Introduction: There has been a steady increase in the number of ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy. In addition to its soft tissue applications Holmium:YAG laser has also been found an excellent intracorporeal lithotripter for all kinds of stones. We here present the results of patients treated with Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy in our clinic. Methods: Between June 1997 and December 2002, 205 patients with a diagnosis of ureteric calculi were treated with ureteroscopy using Holmium:YAG laser as an intracorporeal lithotriptor. The stones were localized in the distal ureter in 158 patients (77), middle and proximal ureter in 47 patients (23). Stones ranged in size from 5 × 5 mm to 20 × 10 mm and the operation time was about 35 minutes (ranged 25–65 minutes). Follow-up evaluations have done at first and third months. Results: The ureteral stone could not be reached in 10 patients (4.8). Stone fragmentation or removal was accomplished in all other patients. Four patients (1.9) had proximal migration of the fragments and later treated with extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and three patients (1.5) had ureteral perforation. They were managed by double J stent placement. Two of the patients had ureteral obstruction on the third month of procedure. One of the patients was treated with open surgery. For the other one, ureteroscopic balloon dilatation was performed and catheterized by double J stent and there wasn’t any complication after the removal of stent. Conclusions: Ureteroscopic Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy is a safe, technically feasible and efficacious treatment for ureteral stones.     

输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石

目的 总结输尿管软镜结合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效及并发症,探讨手术技巧.方法 38 例输尿管上段结石患者接受输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗,先使用8/9.8 F 输尿管硬镜探查患侧输尿管,置入导丝后留置输尿管软镜鞘,引入输尿管软镜,钬激光碎石,并使用套石篮套取出较大的结石碎屑.结果 35 例患者一期顺利碎石,3 例因输尿管狭窄难以置入输尿管软镜鞘,留置输尿管内支架2 周后再次手术成功.手术时间31~56 min,平均42 min.术后7 例患者发热,无其他严重并发症.术后1 个月拔除内支架,2 周后复查KUB,结石清除率92.1%.结论 输尿管软镜结合钬激光是处理输尿管上段结石的有效手段,即便输尿管结石进入肾内,也可一期处理,避免了额外的体外碎石操作.     

Staging lymphadenectomy in patients with localized high risk prostate cancer: comparison of the laparoendoscopic single site (LESS) technique with conventional multiport laparoscopy

Background

Laser lithotripsy is an established endourological modality. Ho:YAG laser have broadened the indications for ureteroscopic stone managements to include larger stone sizes throughout the whole upper urinary tract. Aim of current work is to assess efficacy and safety of Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy during retrograde ureteroscopic management of ureteral calculi in different locations.

Methods

88 patients were treated with ureteroscopic Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy in our institute. Study endpoint was the number of treatments until the patient was stone-free. Patients were classified according to the location of their stones as Group I (distal ureteric stones, 51 patients) and group II (proximal ureteral stones, 37). Group I patients have larger stones as Group II (10.70 mm vs. 8.24 mm, respectively, P = 0.020).

Results

Overall stone free rate for both groups was 95.8%. The mean number of procedures for proximal calculi was 1.1 ± 0.1 (1–3) and for distal calculi was 1.0 ± 0.0. The initial treatment was more successful in patients with distal ureteral calculi (100% vs. 82.40%, respectively, P = 0.008). No significant difference in the stone free rate was noticed after the second laser procedure for stones smaller versus larger than 10 mm (100% versus 94.1%, P = 0.13). Overall complication rate was 7.9% (Clavien II und IIIb). Overall and grade-adjusted complication rates were not dependant on the stone location. No laser induced complications were noticed.

Conclusions

The use of the Ho:YAG laser appears to be an adequate tool to disintegrate ureteral calculi independent of primary location. Combination of the semirigid and flexible ureteroscopes as well as the appropriate endourologic tools could likely improve the stone clearance rates for proximal calculi regardless of stone-size.

     

Pneumatic lithotripsy versus laser lithotripsy in the endoscopic treatment of ureteral calculi

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy, safety, and features of pneumatic lithotripsy (PL) with those of laser lithotripsy (LL) and present our clinical experience in the endoscopic management of ureteral calculi. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From August 1994 to February 2000, 285 consecutive patients underwent endoscopic lithotripsy with either the Swiss Lithoclast pneumatic lithotripter (145 patients) or the Ho:YAG laser lithotripter (140 patients) for the treatment of ureteral calculi. RESULTS: In one single session, the overall successful stone fragmentation rate of LL was higher than that of PL (95.7% v 69.7%; P < 0.01). The average time to stone-free status was shorter for LL than for PL (18 days v 31 days; P < 0.01). No major complications were observed in LL, while five ureteral perforations were encountered in PL. CONCLUSIONS: Laser lithotripsy has advantages over PL in high efficiency of stone fragmentation and a low complication rate. Laser lithotripsy is a powerful, effective, and safe treatment modality for ureteral calculi.     

输尿管结石ESWL失败改腔内钬激光碎石术的疗效观察

目的 探讨输尿管结石ESWL失败后采用腔内钬激光碎石术的临床疗效。方法 自2001年10月至2002年8月，对28例输尿管结石(ESWL失败)行输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术。结果 26例经输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术治愈，治愈率92．8％(26／28)；1例结石上移，辅以ESWL治愈；1例因输尿管纤维性扭曲改开放手术。结论 输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术安全、有效、方便，可以作为输尿管结石的首选治疗。     

NTrap结石拦截网在输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗输尿管上段结石中的应用

目的探讨NTrap结石拦截网在输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗输尿管上段结石中的应用价值。方法 2009年3月～2011年5月输尿管镜下NTrap结石拦截网配合钬激光碎石系统治疗输尿管上段结石45例,对碎石成功率、手术时间、输尿管穿孔、术中出血量和肾积水情况进行分析。结果输尿管上段结石均被拦截网固定后碎石,一次性碎石成功率95.6%(43/45),2例结石上移入肾脏术后结合体外冲击波碎石治愈。术中无输尿管穿孔。手术时间(45±13)min;术中出血量(8.7±1.5)ml。术后1个月B超检查均无结石残留,肾盂积水由术前(3.4±0.8)cm降至(1.2±0.3)cm。45例随访1～12个月,平均6.5月,均无结石复发。结论 NTrap结石拦截网可有效防止输尿管镜下钬激光碎石过程中结石移位,与钬激光碎石系统联合应用治疗输尿管上段结石具有结石清除率高、安全性好、创伤小等特点。     

上段输尿管结石的现代微创手术治疗

目的评价各种微创手术方法治疗上段输尿管结石的价值。方法对我院收治的78例上段输尿管结石患者的治疗方法进行回顾性分析。其中经输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石24例,输尿管镜钬激光碎石16例,微创经皮肾输尿管镜取石(mPCNL)27例,后腹腔镜取石3例,开放手术8例。结果输尿管镜气压弹道碎石18例碎石成功,4例因较大残石行ESWL,1例因黏膜出血视野模糊终止手术,1例输尿管部分断裂改开放手术;钬激光组16例均碎石成功;逆行输尿管镜共有2例输尿管穿孔,均成功放置D-J管,2例因输尿管过度迂曲成“盲端”,3例因结石以下输尿管僵硬狭窄无法进镜改开放手术;mPCNL组27例全部取石成功,无严重并发症;后腹腔镜组3例均取石成功,无漏尿发生。结论输尿管镜下碎石是治疗上段输尿管结石的有效手段,钬激光碎石优于气压弹道碎石,可明显提高碎石效率;mPCNL是一种安全、非常有效的治疗方法,对于结石较大、较硬以及靠近肾盂的结石尤为适宜;经腹腔镜取石与上述方法相比,耗时长、创伤大,但对曾行微创取石失败的患者是一个理想的选择。     

输尿管镜下NTrap拦截网配合超声弹道碎石治疗输尿管上段结石

目的探讨输尿管镜下NTrap拦截网配合超声弹道碎石治疗输尿管上段结石的临床疗效。方法采用输尿管镜下NTrap拦截网配合第三代超声弹道碎石系统治疗输尿管上段结石20例。结石横径为5～13mm，纵径为6～20mm。其中9例先采用钬激光将结石适当打碎后再采用三代超声碎石。结果所有结石都被拦截网固定后碎石，一次性碎石成功率95％（19／20），1例术后结合体外冲击波碎石（ESWL）治愈；平均手术时间46min；估计术中平均失血量为10mL。术中无1例输尿管穿孔和明显的出血。结论拦截网将结石适当固定是碎石成功的关键，与第三代超声弹道碎石清石系统联合应用具有结石清除率高、创伤小、并发症少等特点，是值得临床推荐的一种治疗方法。     

经尿道气压弹道与钬激光碎石术治疗小儿下尿路结石的比较

目的探讨经尿道气压弹道与钬激光碎石术治疗小儿下尿路结石的安全性和有效性。 方法回顾性分析2016年9月至2017年8月在喀什地区第一人民医院和伽师县人民医院就诊的14例气压弹道碎石术与30例钬激光碎石术治疗的下尿路结石患儿的临床资料。 结果气压弹道组结石清除率达93％,手术时间7～45 min（22±13）,术后1例因排尿困难需要尿道外口取石2次、1例因尿潴留需留置尿管。而钬激光组,一次性清石率为97％,手术时间10～50 min（26±14）,术后1例排尿困难复查有残留结石,行二次经尿道钬激光碎石术后排尿通畅。两组均无其余严重并发症。两组手术时间、术后留置尿管时间、术后住院天数及并发症的比较差异无统计学意义。 结论气压弹道和钬激光碎石术治疗小儿下尿路结石均疗效好、结石清除率高、无严重并发症。     

Extracorporeal shock-wave versus pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy in treatment of lower ureteral calculi

Aim: To compare the efficacy and complications of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) and pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) in the treatment of lower ureteral calculi. Methods: From August 1997 to June 1999, 210 patients with calculi in the distal third of the ureter were treated with SWL and the other 180 with URS. The stones were fragmented with either HB-ESWL-V lithotripter or JML-93 pneumatic lithotripter through Wolf 7.5～9.0 Fr ureteroscope. The outcome was assessed in terms of stone clearance rate, re-treatment rate and complication incidence. Results: The stone clearance rate was 78.1% with SWL and 93.3 % with URS (P<0.05). SWL had a re-treatment rate of 11.9 %, vs 2.2 % in the URS group (P<.05). URS caused ureteral perforation in 3.3% of patients, while it was 0 with SWL (P<0.05). The differences in the incidence of other complications such as infection and stricture between the two groups were insignificant. Conclusion: Though the selection of these two options depends on equip     

输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏结石

目的：探讨输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏结石的疗效。方法：采用输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏结石78例，结石大小0．8～1．8cm，平均1.1cm。经留置输尿管扩张鞘或沿导丝直接置入F7,9输尿管软镜抵达肾盂，寻及结石后以200μm光纤、10 W功率钬激光碎石。结果：78例共有结石81枚．其中上、中盏结石53枚，结石寻及率100％，单次碎石成功率96．2％(51/53)；下盏结石28枚，结石寻及率96．4％(27/78)，单次碎石成功率71．4％(20／28)。无严重并发症发生。结论：输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏结石安全、有效．尤其适用于结石体积较小、肾盏无明显积水，以及因解剖特点预期体外冲击波碎石效果不佳的患者。通过软镜能寻及绝大多数肾盏结石，中、上盏结石单次碎石成功率高于下盏结石，与置入钬激光光纤后镜体末端有效弯曲程度减小有关。     

经输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石的临床分析(附350例报告)

目的 探讨经输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石的临床效果. 方法 选取2009年5月～ 2011年6月收治的350例输尿管结石患者,均行经输尿管镜钬激光碎石术. 结果 350例输尿管结石患者中321例一次碎石成功,治疗成功率为91.7％(321/350).手术时间平均48.6(20 ～ 115 )min;术后住院时间平均5.2(4 ～7)d.术中结石移位18例,其中16例留置双J管后1～4周内再行补救性体外冲击波碎石术,另2例换经输尿管软镜钬激光肾内碎石.D-J管常规留置时间为3～4周.因输尿管迂曲、狭窄不能进镜达结石部位11例,均中转开放手术取石.术中发生输尿管粘膜下损伤6例,输尿管穿孔4例.术后当天出现畏寒、发热,体温＞38.5C者19例,给予静脉抗感染和对症治疗后均恢复正常.术后结石残留造成再次输尿管梗阻6例,经再次输尿管镜碎石术后好转.术后3个月339例获随诊,结石均获清除,结石清除率达96.9％(339/350). 结论 经输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石具有安全、高效、创伤小、并发症少、成功率高、住院时间短等优点,是目前输尿管结石的最理想治疗方法.     

钬激光碎石术与双频双脉冲激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石的比较

目的:比较经输尿管镜钬激光碎石术和双频双脉冲激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石的疗效与安全性。方法:对输尿管镜技术治疗101例输尿管结石患者,以钬激光碎石术治疗46例,双频双脉冲激光碎石术治疗55例,进行疗效比较。结果:钬激光碎石术结石一次粉碎率为91.3%,双频双脉冲激光碎石术结石一次粉碎率为87.3%;前者平均碎石时间(28.9min)短于后者(37.9min)(P<0.01);前者平均结石排净时间为16.5d,短于后者的26.3d(P<0.01);前者2例发生穿孔,后者无穿孔发生。结论:钬激光碎石术及双频双脉冲碎石术均为有效的碎石方法;在平均碎石时间、结石排净时间方面钬激光碎石术具有优势;双频双脉冲激光碎石术在安全性方面具有优势。     

Is the holmium:YAG laser the best intracorporeal lithotripter for the ureter? A 3-year retrospective study

PURPOSE: To study the efficiency and safety of holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for ureteral stones. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A series of 188 patients with 208 ureteral stones were treated with semirigid ureteroscopy and holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy from January 2003 to December 2005. Of the stones, 116 were lower ureteral, 37 middle ureteral, and 55 upper ureteral. RESULTS: The success rate was 92.7% at the time of ureteroscopy and 96.7% at 3 months. The failures were secondary to retropulsion of the stones (3.3%). There were no perforations and one stricture. Stenting was done in 90% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The Holmium:YAG laser is an ideal intracorporeal lithotripter for ureteral calculi, with a high success rate and low morbidity.     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗60例输尿管上段结石

目的探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石的临床疗效。方法置入输尿管镜，经膀胱逆行置入F5输尿管导管，缓慢将输尿管镜进入输尿管后在直视下观察结石，置入气压弹道碎石机进行碎石，取石结束后常规留置F6双J管。结果手术时间30～58min，（45．8±10．1）min；术中出血量7—18ml，（10．9±3．1）ml。8例由于术中结石冲人肾盂，术后改用体外冲击波碎石治疗，一次手术成功率86．7％（52／60）。2例分别于术后7、9d发生脓毒血症，经保守治疗痊愈。43例随访1—6个月，平均3个月，无肾积水及输尿管狭窄发生，术后1个月内结石均排净。结论输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管上段较小的结石疗效满意。     

钬激光与气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管上段结石的对比研究

目的：比较钬激光碎石术和气压弹道碎石术处理输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性。方法：应用输尿管镜下钬激光及气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石共135例,其中钬激光碎石治疗51例,气压弹道碎石治疗84例,进行疗效、安全性等方面的比较。结果：钬激光碎石组和气压弹道碎石组的结石一次粉碎率分别为90．2％和76．2％（P〈0．05）,平均手术时间前者（49．43min）较后者短（59．24min）（P〈0．05）。钬激光组出现输尿管穿孔1例。气压弹道组出现穿孔6例。结论：治疗输尿管上段结石钬激光较气压弹道碎石具有一定的优势,是一种安全有效的碎石方法。     

输尿管镜钬激光碎石术中并发输尿管穿孔原因及对策

目的探讨输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石并发输尿管穿孔的原因及防治方法。方法回顾性分析2004年8月至2006年12月经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术268例中25例并发输尿管穿孔的临床资料。男14例,女11例;结石单发者21例,多发者4例;上段结石18例,下段结石7例;结石直径1．2～3．2em,平均（1．8±0．5）cm,25例均合并输尿管息肉及中、重度肾盂积水。术后常规放置双J管4—8周。结果25例输尿管镜手术时间15～70min,平均（40．4±18．3）min。11例一次性碎石成功,6例术中改开放取石治疗,8例结石上移至肾盂内,1周后予以体外冲击波碎石治疗。结论输尿管结石合并息肉是输尿管镜钬激光碎石致输尿管穿孔的主要原因之一,术中轻巧操作是预防出现输尿管穿孔的关键,早期及时开放手术可以避免严重并发症的发生。