Diagnostic value of interleukin-8 in colorectal cancer: A case-control study and meta-analysis

AIM:To assess the diagnostic value of serum interleukin-8(IL-8)in the detection of colorectal cancer(CRC).METHODS:An original study was conducted to explore the potential value of IL-8 in CRC diagnosis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis was performed and the area under the curve(AUC)value was calculated.PUBMED and EMBASE were searched(to October,2013),supplemented with manual screening for relevant publications.Meta-analysis methods were applied to pool sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative likelihood ratios,and diagnostic odds ratios and to construct a summary receiver-operating characteristic(s ROC)curve.Heterogeneity across studies was checked by the I2 test and Deek’s funnel plot method was applied to test publication bias.RESULTS:In our original study,serum IL-8 yielded an AUC of 0.742[95%CI:0.635-0.849].The sensitivity and specificity were 85.42%and 54.05%,respectively,at a cut-off value of 5.39.In this meta-analysis,we included five studies with 668 CRC patients and 374controls and one study in our own center with 48 CRC patients and 37 controls.The pooled sensitivity and specificity of IL-8 were 0.69(95%CI:0.42-0.87)and0.85(95%CI:0.68-0.94)for CRC detection.Besides,the area under the s ROC curve was 0.86(95%CI:0.82-0.88).Subgroup analysis suggested that there was no heterogeneity in the Asian subgroup but some in the European subgroup.In addition,no publication bias was found according to the Deek’s funnel plot asymmetry test.CONCLUSION:Serum IL-8 is a promising biomarker for CRC detection and may become a clinically useful tool to identify high-risk patients.     

Statin use and the risk of colorectal cancer: a population-based case-control study

AIM: To investigate whether the use of statins is associated with colorectal cancer risk. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study in Taiwan. Data were retrospectively collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Cases consisted of all patients who were aged 50 years and older and had a first-time diagnosis of colorectal cancer between the period 2005 and 2008. The controls were matched to cases by age, sex, and index date. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% conf...     

Relationship between loss of heterozygosity of deleted in colorectal carcinoma gene microsatellites and prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of microsatellites on the deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) gene and prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma.METHODS: A retrospective study of 58 colorectal adenocarcinoma cases with follow-up data and paired control normal mucosal tissues from 1983 to 1985 from files from the West China University of Medical Sciences Department of Pathology was carried out by PCR microsatellite analysis. Sixteen, 35, and seven cases had well-, moderately, and poorly differentiated tumors, respectively; 11, 30, and 17 cases were staged as Dukes’ A, B, and C, respectively.RESULTS: LOH of DCC microsatellites was detected in 18 cases (31.0%). The 5-year survival rate between LOH-positive and LOH-negative patients was 44.4% and 77.5%, respectively (P < 0.05). The results suggest that LOH of DCC microsatellites correlate with prognosis but not with differentiation (P > 0.05) and Dukes’ stage (P > 0.05) in colorectal adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION: LOH of DCC microsatellites may be a marker of malignancy. Combined with the traditional prognostic indicators, LOH can predict prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma.     

Human papillomavirus DNA and P16(INK4A) expression in concurrent esophageal and gastric cardia cancers

AIM:To investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and concurrent esophagus and gastric cardia cancer from the same patient (CC) and examine the significance of P16 INK4A protein expression.METHODS:Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of HPV type16 (HPV16).The expression of P16 INK4A protein was detected using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Among the CC specimens,HPV16-DNA was found in eight cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and five cases of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA),respectively (47% vs 29%),and two of both ESCC and GCA.P16 INK4A was highly expressed in both ESCC and GCA.In the HPV-associated positive CC,higher P16 INK4A expression was observed in the GCA than in the ESCC (75% vs 25%,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:HPV16 as a correlated risk factor may play an important role in the development of ESCC and GCA.P16 INK4A may be a screening index in the HPVassociated carcinoma of gastric cardia.     

Barriers to colorectal cancer screening： A case-control study

AIM： To investigate barriers to colorectal cancer （CRC） screening in a community population. METHODS： We conducted a community-based case-control study in an urban Chinese population by questionnaire. Cases were selected from those completing both a fecal occult blood test （FOBT） case and colonoscopy in a CRC screening program in 2004. Control groups were matched by gender, age group and community. Control 1 included those having a positive FOBT but refusing a colonoscopy. Control 2 included those who refused both an FOBT and colonoscopy. RESULTS： The impact of occupation on willingness to attend a colorectal screening program differed by gender. P for heterogeneity was 0.009 for case vs control group 1, 0.01 for case versus control group 2, and 0.80 for control group 1 vs 2. Poor awareness of CRC and its screening program, characteristics of screening tests, and lack of time affected thescreening rate. Financial support, fear of pain and bowel preparation were barriers to a colonoscopy as a screening test. Eighty-two percent of control group 1 and 87.1% of control group 2 were willing attend if the colonoscopy was free, but only 56.3% and 53.1%, respectively, if it was self-paid. Multivariate odds ratios for case vs control group 1 were 0.10 among those unwilling to attend a free colonoscopy and 0.50 among those unwilling to attend a self-paid colonoscopy. CONCLUSION： Raising the public awareness of CRC and its screening, integrating CRC screening into the health care system, and using a painless colonoscopy would increase its screening rate.     

抗-HGV在各型病毒性肝炎患者中的检出情况及意义

目的了解抗庚型肝炎病毒抗体（抗－ＨＧＶ）在各型病毒性肝炎患者中的检出情况及临床意义。方法对１９０例不同病原的病毒性肝炎患者进行抗－ＨＧＶ（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测,对其中抗－ＨＧＶ阳性者进行ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ（ＲＴＰＣＲ）检测。结果①在各型病毒性肝炎患者中总的抗－ＨＧＶ阳性率为１２１％（２３／１９０）。②ＨＣＶ感染者中抗－ＨＧＶ的阳性率（２６９％）最高,其后依次为ＨＥＶ（１８２％）,ＨＢＶ（１１２％）,ＨＤＶ（８３％）。③２３例抗－ＨＧＶ阳性的患者中仅有５例（２１７％）ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ同时检测阳性。④抗－ＨＧＶ阳性组与抗－ＨＧＶ阴性组比较,两组肝功能指标无统计学差异（Ｐ＞００５）。结论①抗－ＨＧＶ阳性并不一定代表ＨＧＶ病毒复制或现症感染。②ＨＧＶ致病性可能较弱。③ＨＧＶ可能通过多途径传播。     

Oxidative stress and its impact on mitochondrial DNA in pulmonary tuberculosis patients- a pilot study

BackgroundPulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality all around the world. Recent studies have pointed out increased oxidative stress and also DNA damage in peripheral blood in PTB. Till date, to the best of our knowledge, no study has so far been conducted to show the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions mapping in PTB patients. Therefore we performed the present study with the aim to investigate oxidative stress parameters along with mtDNA damage in newly diagnosed untreated PTB patients.Material and methodsThis is a prospective study carried out in Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram,Wardha, Maharashtra during september 2017 to september 2018.Thirty newly diagnosed untreated PTB patients and thirty age matched healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Analysis of Oxidative stress parameters such as nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were done by calorimetric methods. Assessment of mitochondrial DNA damage was carried out by mtDNA deletions mapping using primer shift long range polymerase chain reaction technique.ResultsThere was significant increase in levels of oxidative stress parameters, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde, in PTB patients compared to controls (p < 0.01). Generally there are two common deletion sites of “13 bp direct repeats” (ACCTCCCTCACCA) in mtDNA. One at the junction sites from bp 8470 to 8482 bp and another from bp 13447 to 13460 bp which make mtDNA more prone for 4977bp deletion. Out of thirty cases of PTB, two cases showed mtDNA damage in the form of mtDNA deletion of 4977bp. There was no mtDNA deletion in any control which can be attributed to continuous generation of oxidative stress.ConclusionThis pilot study has been able to demonstrate that compared to controls, in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients some mtDNA damage did occur and was probably due to continuous generation of oxidative stress in tuberculous patients. However, sample size is too small to draw any conclusions but definitely a more comprehensive study, by recruiting more number of pulmonary tuberculosis patients is warranted to establish correlation between oxidative stress and mtDNA damage in PTB.     

人乳头瘤病毒快速检测分型方法的临床应用

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)免疫层析技术快速检测分型方法的临床应用价值。方法采用免疫层析技术快速检测法对人乳头瘤病毒进行检测分型,采用基因检测技术PCR检测法作对照。结果对386例标本进行HPV常见亚型6、11型和16、18型检测,快速检测法与对照PCR检测法均105例阳性,阳性率均为27.20%,两种方法的阳性率一致(P>0.05)。对HPV亚型总的分型检测,快速检测法检出阳性105例,阳性率为27.20%;对照PCR检测法检出HPV阳性142例,阳性率为36.78%,两种方法的阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.15,P<0.05)。结论免疫层析快速检测分型方法用于HPV常见亚型6、11型(低危型)和16、18型(高危型)检测,具有操作简便,检测速度快,准确率高,医疗成本较低等特点,值得基层医院推广应用。     

糖尿病患者合并结直肠癌的危险性分析

目的了鳃糖尿病是否为结直肠癌发病的重要危险因素。方法采用病例对照研究方法对758例（23～87岁）结直肠癌患者糖尿病合并状况及相关危险因素进行调查。结果糖尿病患者患结直肠癌的危险显著高于非糖尿病患者，且与糖尿病类型无关，相对危险度（0R值）为3．58；有糖尿病家族史和结直肠癌家族史者结直肠癌发生危险明显高于无家族史者，其OR值分别为2．53和3．30；糖尿病病程在10～20年组并发结直肠癌的危险性最高；与非糖尿病合并结直肠癌者相比，糖尿病合并结直肠癌患者发生淋巴结或其他组织器官转移的几率更高，其OR值为2．37。结论糖尿病可能是结直肠癌发生的危险因素之一，糖尿病家族史和结直肠癌家族史与糖尿病在结直肠癌的发生中有协同作用。合并糖尿病的结直肠癌患者易发生淋巴结或其他组织器官转移。     

Human papillomavirus and gastrointestinal cancer: A review

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Exposure to HPV is very common, and an estimated 65%-100% of sexually active adults are exposed to HPV in their lifetime. The majority of HPV infections are asymptomatic, but there is a 10% chance that individuals will develop a persistent infection and have an increased risk of developing a carcinoma. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has found that the following cancer sites have a strong causal relationship with HPV: cervix uteri, penis, vulva, vagina, anus and oropharynx, including the base of the tongue and the tonsils. However, studies of the aetiological role of HPV in colorectal and esophageal malignancies have conflicting results. The aim of this review was to organize recent evidence and issues about the association between HPV infection and gastrointestinal tumours with a focus on esophageal, colorectal and anal cancers. The ultimate goal was to highlight possible implications for prognosis and prevention.     

PCR法与细菌培养法在急性腹泻患者沙门氏菌检测中的应用比较

目的通过与传统细菌培养法比较,明确聚合酶链反应(PCR)法能否提高沙门氏菌检出率。方法分别应用传统细菌培养法(含生化、血清学鉴定)及普通PCR方法,对300例急性腹泻患者粪标本进行检测,将两种方法检测的阳性率进行比较。结果300例急性腹泻患者粪标本,传统法分离培养出沙门氏菌29例,阳性率9.67%;普通PCR检测沙门氏菌高侵袭性位点A(hyperinvasive locus A,hilA)阳性65例,阳性率为21.67%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。其中传统法分离培养阳性的标本,PCR检测均为阳性。PCR法扩增阳性的65例粪标本hilA基因测序结果与基因库标准菌株序列一致率为100%。结论与传统细菌培养生化法相比,PCR法可提高腹泻患者沙门氏菌的检出率,缩短检出时间,适于临床快速诊断。     

河南安阳地区p53基因第72密码子多态性与HPV相关食管癌的研究

目的探讨河南安阳地区p53基因第72密码子多态性与人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)相关食管癌的关系.方法收集安阳肿瘤医院食管癌病例110例,用PCR方法检测HPV,PCR-RFLP方法分析p53基因第72密码子多态性,病例对比研究方法分析在食管癌病例中HPV感染与p53基因第72密码子多态性的关系.结果 PCR检测结果表明,河南安阳地区食管癌组织中HPV检出率为59.1%;HPV阳性者中,Arg/Arg基因型的频率是60.0%,HPV阴性者中仅为17.8%,两者有统计学显著性(P＜0.05).结论 p53基因第72密码子多态性可能是安阳地区HPV相关食管癌的易感因素之一,携带p53Arg/Arg基因型的个体更容易发生HPV相关的食管癌.     

Effect of mucin production on survival in colorectal cancer： A case-control study

AIM： TO investigate the impact of mucin production on prognosis in colorectal cancer, in terms of overall survival （OS） and time to disease progression （TTP） in patients with mucinous compared to those with nonmucinous colorectal cancer （NMCRC）, matched for age, gender, and tumor stage. METHODS： Thirty five patients with mucinous colorectal cancer （MCRC） were matched for age, gender, and tumor stage with 35 controls having NMCRC. OS and TTP were compared among 4 groups divided according to mucin content： group A （50%-75% mucin）, group B （75%-100% mucin）, group C or controls （〈 50% mucin）. Group D consisted of all patients with tumors having 〈 75% mucin （controls and groups A together）. RESULTS： Median survival in MCRC and NMCRC groups was 46.2 and 112.9 mo, respectively （P = 0.26）. OS in groups A and B was 70.1 and 32.8 mo （P = 0.46）, and in groups B and D was 32.8 and 70.1 mo, respectively （P = 0.143）. TTP in MCRC and NMCRC was 50.17 and 44.77 too, respectively （P = 0.795）. TTP in groups A, B, and D was 70.1, 24.8, and 65.5 too, respectively. Twenty-eight percent of patients with MCRC had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma versus 8.6% in NMCRC patients （P = 0.028）. CONCLUSION： MCRC is associated with a non-significant decrease in median survival and TTP, particularly when mucin content is 〉 75% of tumor volume. However, it tends to be more poorly differentiated. A larger study matching for stage and grade is needed.     

Amplisensor-聚合酶反应定量检测脑脊液中结核分支杆菌DNA的研究

目的　探讨Amplisensor-聚合酶反应 (Amplisensor-PCR)定量检测脑脊液中结核分支杆菌DNA(TB-DNA)对结核性脑膜炎的诊断价值。方法 采用Amplisensor-PCR对117例结核性脑膜炎患者及36例非结核性脑膜炎患者的脑脊液标本进行检测,并与PCR(凝胶电泳后,经溴化乙锭染色)、涂片、培养法比较。结果 Amplisensor-PCR的敏感性显著高于涂片及培养,阳性率分别为57.13%、1.7%、6.7% (P＜0.001)。结论 Amplisensor-PCR可以通过标准曲线划定检出下限,并可换算出标本中原始的靶DNA值,同时具有较高的特异性和敏感性,对结核性脑膜炎的诊断有一定的临床意义。     

大肠癌患者外周血人类斯钙素基因的检及其意义

目的探讨靶基因人类斯钙素(hSTC-1)在大肠癌患者外周血中的表达以及与肿瘤恶性程度的关系.方法采用RT-PCR方法检测15例健康成人、5例妊娠期妇女、14例消化道炎症疾病患者、57例大肠癌患者外周血的hSTC-1 mRNA.结果57例大肠癌患者外周血中hSTC-1 mRNA的阳性率为49.12%(28/57),并与大肠癌的临床分期有显著相关性(P＜0.05).而健康成人、妊娠期妇女、消化道炎症疾病患者外周血则无一例出现阳性.结论应用RT-PCR方法检测大肠癌患者外周血中的hSTC-1 mRNA具有高度敏感性和特异性,它有望成为判断大肠癌生物学行为恶性程度、转移和复发以及疗效观察的客观指标.     

新疆哈萨克族食管癌中HPV感染状况分析

目的:探讨人乳头状病毒(HPV)18, 31, 45E7 3个高危基因亚型在新疆哈萨克族(哈族)食管癌中的感染率及其相关性. 方法:采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测HPV-18, 31, 45E7基因在316例哈族食管癌中的感染情况. 并随机抽取PCR产物进行测序来验证PCR结果.结果:HPV18, 31和45E7基因亚型在食管癌中阳性率分别为25.3%(80/316), 14.2%(45/316)和7.3%(23/316), 其基因型分布与年龄、性别均无关. HPV31, 45E7基因阳性率在组织病理学分级上无统计学意义. HPV18基因型分布在中低分化食管鳞状细胞癌中的检出率明显高于高分化食管鳞癌(29.6% vs 17.7%, χ2 = 5.398, P<0.05).结论:HPV18型是新疆哈族食管癌的主要高危亚型之一, 其基因型分布与食管癌分化程度有关;HPV31, 45亚型可能不是新疆哈族食管癌最主要的高危亚型.     

大肠癌患者血浆DNA中K-ras癌基因突变的检测

目的 评价血浆DNA中K－ras癌基因第12密码子点突变作为肿瘤标记物的临床应用价值。方法 用引物序列特异性聚合酶扩增链式反应（PASP）检测了32例大肠癌患者肿瘤组织DNA、血浆DNA中K－ras癌基因第12密码子点突变，对所有PASP法扩增得到的含点突变的PCR产物进行Sanger双脱氧链终止法测序。结果 14例（44％）大肠癌肿瘤组织DNA中存在K－ras癌基因第12密码子点突变；其中的13例（93％）在血浆DNA中存在与其肿瘤组织DNA相同类型的基因点突变。对于18例肿瘤标本DNA未见突变的各期大肠癌及5例正常献血员对照组，在其血浆DNA中也无一发现K－ras基因突变。结论 血浆DNA中K-ras癌基因第12密码子点突变有望成为一个肿瘤标志物应用于大肠癌的诊断。     

结直肠癌线粒体脱氧核糖核酸拷贝数与患者预后的关系

目的 探讨结直肠癌(CRC)线粒体DNA(mtDNA)拷贝数异常与患者预后的关系.方法 选取60份CRC及相应癌旁组织标本,分别提取基因组DNA.对线粒体ND1基因进行荧光定量PCR,计算mtDNA拷贝数,采用t检验进行统计分析.Kaplan-Meier生存分析判断患者的预后.结果 CRC组织的mtDNA平均拷贝数/细胞数为108.60±20.11,而相应的癌旁组织为153.68±25.72,前者显著低于后者(t=10.69,P＜0.01).淋巴结转移阳性者mtDNA低拷贝率高于阴性者(x2=4.022,P＜0.05),但与性别、年龄、病理分型、TNM分期无明显相关性.mtDNA高拷贝组生存率高于低拷贝组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 CRC的mtDNA拷贝数明显低于癌旁组织,但拷贝数的改变与患者的预后无关.